Mechanics of Biomaterials
Námskeið
- T-860 Lífaflsfræði og Lífenfisfræði.
Ensk lýsing:
Teaching mechanical and structural biomaterials concepts for successful medical implant design, this self-contained text provides a complete grounding for students and newcomers to the field. Split into three sections: Materials, Mechanics and Case Studies, it begins with a review of sterilization, biocompatibility and foreign body response before presenting the fundamental structures of synthetic biomaterials and natural tissues.
Mechanical behavior of materials is then discussed in depth, covering elastic deformation, viscoelasticity and time-dependent behavior, multiaxial loading and complex stress states, yielding and failure theories, and fracture mechanics. The final section on clinical aspects of medical devices provides crucial information on FDA regulatory issues and presents case studies in four key clinical areas: orthopedics, cardiovascular devices, dentistry and soft tissue implants.
Lýsing:
Teaching mechanical and structural biomaterials concepts for successful medical implant design, this self-contained text provides a complete grounding for students and newcomers to the field. Split into three sections: Materials, Mechanics and Case Studies, it begins with a review of sterilization, biocompatibility and foreign body response before presenting the fundamental structures of synthetic biomaterials and natural tissues.
Mechanical behavior of materials is then discussed in depth, covering elastic deformation, viscoelasticity and time-dependent behavior, multiaxial loading and complex stress states, yielding and failure theories, and fracture mechanics. The final section on clinical aspects of medical devices provides crucial information on FDA regulatory issues and presents case studies in four key clinical areas: orthopedics, cardiovascular devices, dentistry and soft tissue implants.
Annað
- Höfundar: Lisa A. Pruitt, Ayyana M. Chakravartula
- Útgáfudagur: 20-10-2011
- Engar takmarkanir á útprentun
- Engar takmarkanir afritun
- Format:Page Fidelity
- ISBN 13: 9781139118903
- Print ISBN: 9780521762212
- ISBN 10: 1139118900
Efnisyfirlit
- Mechanics of Biomaterials
- Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Symbols
- Roman letters
- Greek letters
- Subscripts
- Prologue
- Part I Materials
- 1 Biocompatibility, sterilization, and materials selection for implant design
- Inquiry
- 1.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 1.2 Learning objectives
- 1.3 Successful device performance and implant design
- 1.4 Biocompatibility
- 1.5 Sterility
- 1.6 Regulatory issues
- 1.7 Structural requirements
- 1.8 Classifying biomaterials
- 1.9 Structure-property relationships
- 1.10 Attributes and limitations of synthetic biomaterials
- 1.11 Case study: deterioration of orthopedic-grade UHMWPE due to ionizing radiation
- 1.12 Summary
- 1.13 Problems for consideration
- 1.14 References
- 2 Metals for medical implants
- Inquiry
- 2.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 2.2 Learning objectives
- 2.3 Bonding and crystal structure
- 2.4 Interstitial sites
- 2.5 Crystallographic planes and directions
- 2.6 Theoretical shear strength
- 2.7 Imperfections in metals and alloys
- 2.7.1 Point defects
- 2.7.2 Line defects
- 2.7.3 Planar defects
- 2.8 Metal processing
- 2.8.1 Processing for improved material properties
- 2.8.2 Processing for shape-forming
- 2.9 Corrosion processes
- 2.10 Metals in medical implants
- 2.11 Case study: corrosion in modular orthopedic implants
- 2.12 Summary
- 2.13 Problems for consideration
- 2.14 References
- 3 Ceramics
- Inquiry
- 3.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 3.2 Learning objectives
- 3.3 Bonding and crystal structure
- 3.4 Mechanical behavior of ceramics
- 3.4.1 Theoretical cohesive strength
- 3.4.2 Fracture behavior and toughening mechanisms
- 3.4.3 Thermal stresses
- 3.5 Processing of ceramics
- 3.6 Ceramics in medical implants
- 3.7 Case study: the use of coral as a bone substitute
- 3.8 Summary
- 3.9 Problems for consideration
- 3.10 References
- 4 Polymers
- Inquiry
- 4.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 4.2 Learning objectives
- 4.3 Bonding and crystal structure
- 4.4 Molecular weight distribution in polymers
- 4.5 Mechanical behavior of polymers
- 4.6 Polymer processing
- 4.7 Polymers in medical implants
- 4.7.1 Polyethylenes
- 4.7.2 Polymethylmethacrylates
- 4.7.3 Fluorocarbon polymers
- 4.7.4 Polypropylenes
- 4.7.5 Polyesters and polyamides
- 4.7.6 Polyurethanes
- 4.7.7 Silicones
- 4.7.8 PEEK
- 4.7.9 Poly(lactic) acids
- 4.8 Case study: resorbable sutures and suture anchors
- 4.9 Summary
- 4.10 Problems for consideration
- 4.11 References
- 5 Mechanical behavior of structural tissues
- Inquiry
- 5.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 5.2 Learning objectives
- 5.3 Building blocks of tissues
- 5.3.1 Collagen
- 5.3.2 Elastin
- 5.3.3 Hydroxyapatite
- 5.4 Load-bearing tissues
- 5.4.1 Enamel and dentin
- 5.4.2 Cortical bone
- 5.4.3 Trabecular bone
- 5.4.4 Tendon and ligament
- 5.4.5 Articular cartilage
- 5.4.6 Skin and blood vessels (planar elastic tissues)
- 5.5 Case study: creating a scaffold for tissue engineering
- 5.6 Summary
- 5.7 Problems for consideration
- 5.8 References
- 1 Biocompatibility, sterilization, and materials selection for implant design
- 6 Elasticity
- Inquiry
- 6.1 Overview
- 6.2 Learning objectives
- 6.3 Stress and strain
- 6.3.1 Definition of strain
- 6.3.2 Definition of stress
- 6.3.3 Stress tensor
- 6.3.4 Constitutive behavior
- 6.3.5 Multiaxial loading
- 6.3.6 Isotropy/anisotropy
- 6.3.7 Stress-strain curves
- True stress and strain
- Stress-strain curves in natural tissues
- 6.4 Bending stresses and beam theory
- 6.4.1 Basics of beam theory
- Development of beam equation
- 6.4.2 Composite beam
- Finding the neutral axis of a composite beam
- 6.5 Composites
- 6.5.1 Finding upper and lower limit of E
- 6.6 Case study: modifying material and cross-section to reduce bone absorption
- 6.7 Summary
- 6.8 Problems for consideration
- 6.9 References
- 6.10 Bibliography
- 7 Viscoelasticity
- Inquiry
- 7.1 Overview
- 7.2 Learning objectives
- 7.3 Introduction to viscoelasticity
- 7.3.1 Time-dependent material properties
- 7.3.2 Polymers as viscoelastic materials
- 7.3.3 Tissues as viscoelastic solids
- 7.4 Linear viscoelastic networks
- 7.4.1 Linear viscoelastic elements
- 7.4.2 First-order viscoelastic material models
- 7.4.3 The Standard Linear Solid Model
- 7.4.4 Generalized linear viscoelasticity
- 7.5 Frequency domain analysis
- 7.5.1 Storage and loss modulus
- 7.5.2 Complex response of Maxwell, Kelvin, and Standard Linear Solid models
- 7.6 Time-temperature equivalence
- 7.6.1 Time-temperature superposition and shift factors
- 7.6.2 The Williams, Landel, and Ferry (WLF) equation
- 7.7 Nonlinear viscoelasticity
- 7.7.1 Common nonlinear models
- 7.7.2 Nonlinear relaxation
- 7.8 Case study: creep behavior of UHMWPE used in total joint replacements
- 7.9 Summary
- 7.10 Problems for consideration
- 7.11 References
- 8 Failure theories
- Inquiry
- 8.1 Overview
- 8.2 Learning objectives
- 8.3 Yield surfaces
- 8.4 Maximum shear stress (Tresca yield criterion)
- 8.5 Maximum distortional energy (von Mises yield criterion)
- 8.6 Predicting yield in multiaxial loading conditions
- 8.7 Modified yield criteria
- 8.8 Maximum normal stress failure theory
- 8.9 Notches and stress concentrations
- 8.10 Failure mechanisms in structural biomaterials
- 8.10.1 Failure mechanisms in metals
- 8.10.2 Failure mechanisms in ceramics
- 8.10.3 Failure mechanisms in polymers
- 8.11 Case study: stress distribution in a total joint replacement
- 8.12 Summary
- 8.13 Problems for consideration
- 8.14 References
- 9 Fracture mechanics
- 9.1 Overview
- 9.2 Learning objectives
- 9.3 Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM)
- 9.3.1 Cracks as extreme stress concentrators
- 9.3.2 The stress intensity factor, K
- 9.3.3 Loading modes and mixed-mode fracture
- 9.3.4 Energetic methods in fracture mechanics
- 9.3.5 Crack growth and resistance
- 9.3.6 Superposition of G and relationship to K
- 9.3.7 Kc and Gc as intrinsic failure criteria
- 9.3.8 Summary and limitations of LEFM
- 9.4 Modified methods in LEFM
- 9.4.1 Small-scale plasticity
- 9.4.2 Kc as a function of plastic constraint
- 9.5 Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM)
- 9.5.1 Crack tip plasticity and the crack opening displacement, δ
- 9.5.2 Strip-yield crack tip cohesive zones
- 9.5.3 Nonlinear material behavior and deformation plasticity
- 9.5.4 The J-integral, the nonlinear energy release rate
- 9.5.5 Elastic-plastic crack tip singularity – the HRR field
- 9.5.6 Approximation of a true elastic-plastic J
- 9.5.7 JR crack growth resistance curves
- 9.5.8 Jc as a crack initiation based failure criterion
- 9.5.9 Summary of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics
- 9.6 Time-dependent fracture mechanics (TDFM)
- 9.6.1 Viscoelastic fracture mechanics (VEFM)
- 9.7 Intrinsic and extrinsic fracture processes
- 9.8 Fracture mechanisms in structural materials
- 9.8.1 Fracture mechanisms in metals
- 9.8.2 Fracture mechanisms in ceramics
- 9.8.3 Fracture mechanisms in polymers
- 9.8.4 Fracture mechanisms in tissues
- 9.9 Case study: fracture of highly crosslinked acetabular liners
- 9.10 Summary
- 9.11 Problems for consideration
- 10 Fatigue
- Inquiry
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 Learning objectives
- 10.3 Fatigue terminology
- 10.4 Total life philosophy
- 10.4.1 Stress-based loading
- 10.5 Strain-based loading
- 10.6 Marin factors
- 10.7 Defect-tolerant philosophy
- 10.7.1 Fracture mechanics concepts
- 10.7.2 Fatigue crack propagation
- 10.7.3 Fatigue behavior of structural materials
- 10.7.4 Fatigue behavior of metals
- 10.7.5 Fatigue behavior of ceramics
- 10.7.6 Fatigue behavior of polymers
- 10.8 Case study: fatigue fractures in trapezoidal hip stems
- 10.9 Summary
- 10.10 Problems for consideration
- 10.11 References
- 11 Friction, lubrication, and wear
- Inquiry
- 11.1 Overview
- 11.2 Learning objectives
- 11.3 Bulk and surface properties
- 11.4 Friction
- 11.5 Surface contact mechanics
- 11.6 Lubrication
- 11.7 Wear
- 11.8 Surface contact in biomaterials
- 11.9 Friction and wear test methods
- 11.10 Design factors
- 11.11 Case study: the use of composites in total joint replacements
- 11.12 Summary
- 11.13 Problems for consideration
- 11.14 References
- 12 Regulatory affairs and testing
- 12.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 12.2 Learning objectives
- 12.3 FDA legislative history
- 12.4 Medical device definitions and classifications
- 12.5 CDRH organization
- 12.5.1 Types of submissions
- 12.5.2 FDA guidance in the submission process
- 12.6 Anatomy of a testing standard
- 12.7 Development of testing standards
- 12.8 International regulatory bodies
- 12.9 Case study: examining a 510(k) approval
- 12.10 Summary
- 12.11 Problems for consideration
- 12.12 References
- 13 Orthopedics
- Inquiry
- 13.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 13.2 Learning objectives
- 13.3 Total joint replacements
- 13.4 Total hip arthroplasty
- 13.4.1 Anatomy of the hip
- 13.4.2 Causes for total hip replacements
- 13.4.3 Functional requirements of a hip replacement
- 13.4.4 Contemporary hip implants
- 13.4.5 Materials used in total hip arthroplasty
- 13.4.6 Design concerns in total hip arthroplasty
- 13.5 Total knee arthroplasty
- 13.5.1 Anatomy of the knee
- 13.5.2 Clinical reasons for knee replacement
- 13.5.3 Historical evolution and contemporary knee design
- 13.5.4 Functional requirements of knee replacements
- 13.5.5 Materials used in contemporary total knee arthoplasty
- 13.5.6 Design concerns in total knee arthroplasty
- 13.6 Fracture fixation
- 13.6.1 Background
- 13.6.2 Anatomy of fracture healing
- 13.6.3 Clinical reasons for fracture fixation
- 13.6.4 Functional requirements of fracture fixation devices
- 13.6.5 Fracture fixation designs
- 13.6.6 Materials used in fracture fixation
- 13.6.7 Design concerns in fracture fixation devices
- 13.7 Spinal implants
- 13.7.1 Background
- 13.7.2 Anatomy of the spine
- 13.7.3 Clinical reasons for spinal implants
- 13.7.4 Functional requirements of spinal implants
- 13.7.5 Spinal implant designs
- 13.7.6 Materials used in spinal implants
- 13.7.7 Design concerns in spinal implants
- 13.8 Engineering challenges and design constraints of orthopedic implants
- 13.9 Case studies
- 13.9.1 Delamination of a highly crosslinked UHMWPE acetabular cup (clinical failure)
- 13.9.2 Corrosion-induced fracture of a double modular hip prosthesis (design failure)
- 13.9.3 Sulzer recall (manufacturing failure)
- 13.9.4 Failure of pedicle screws used in spinal instrumentation (structural failure)
- 13.9.5 Failure of AcroFlex lumbar disk replacements (material failure)
- 13.10 Summary
- 13.11 Looking forward in orthopedic implants
- 13.12 Problems for consideration
- 13.13 References
- 14 Cardiovascular devices
- Inquiry
- 14.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 14.2 Learning objectives
- 14.3 Cardiovascular anatomy
- 14.4 Load-bearing devices
- 14.4.1 Stents
- 14.4.2 Heart valves
- 14.4.3 Vascular grafts
- 14.4.4 Other cardiovascular devices
- 14.5 Case studies
- 14.5.1 Bjork-Shiley Convexo-Concave heart valve (design and manufacturing failure)
- 14.5.2 ANCURETM Endograft System (design and regulatory failure)
- 14.5.3 Nitinol stent strut failure (structural failure)
- 14.6 Looking forward
- 14.7 Summary
- 14.8 Problems for consideration
- 14.9 References
- 15 Oral and maxillofacial devices
- Inquiry
- 15.1 Overview
- 15.2 Learning objectives
- 15.3 Oral and maxillofacial anatomy
- 15.3.1 Tooth anatomy
- 15.3.2 Temporomandibular joint anatomy
- 15.4 Dental implants
- 15.4.1 Clinical reasons for dental implantation
- 15.4.2 Types of dental implants
- 15.4.3 Historical development of dental implants
- 15.4.4 Subperiosteal implants
- 15.4.5 Blade-form endosteal implants
- 15.4.6 Root-form endosteal implants
- 15.4.7 Structural aspects
- 15.4.8 Functional requirements
- 15.4.9 Medical indications and contraindications
- 15.5 Temporomandibular joint replacements
- 15.5.1 Clinical reasons for TMJ replacement
- 15.5.2 Historical development of TMJ replacements
- 15.5.3 Structural aspects
- 15.5.4 Functional requirements
- 15.5.5 Medical indications and contraindications
- 15.6 Case studies
- 15.6.1 Failure of vitreous carbon implants (material failure)
- 15.6.2 FDA recall of Proplast-Teflon temporomandibular joint replacements (regulatory and materials
- 15.7 Looking forward
- 15.7.1 Dental implants
- 15.7.2 Temporomandibular joint replacements
- 15.8 Summary
- 15.9 Problems for consideration
- 15.10 References
- 16 Soft tissue replacements
- Inquiry
- 16.1 Historical perspective and overview
- 16.2 Learning objectives
- 16.3 Sutures
- 16.3.1 Clinical uses of sutures
- 16.3.2 Current suture designs
- 16.3.3 Functional requirements of sutures
- 16.4 Synthetic ligament
- 16.4.1 Ligament anatomy and clinical reasons for use
- 16.4.2 Synthetic ACL designs
- 16.4.3 Functional requirements of synthetic ligaments
- 16.5 Artificial skin
- 16.5.1 Anatomy and clinical reasons for use
- 16.5.2 Current designs for artificial skin
- 16.5.3 Functional requirements of artificial skin
- 16.6 Ophthalmic implants
- 16.6.1 Anatomy and clinical reasons for use
- 16.6.2 Contact lenses: current designs and functional requirements
- 16.6.3 Corneal replacements: current designs and functional requirements
- 16.6.4 Intraocular lenses: current designs and functional requirements
- 16.7 Cosmetic implants
- 16.7.1 Anatomy and clinical reasons for use
- 16.7.2 General cosmetic implants: current designs and functional requirements
- 16.7.3 Breast implants: current designs and functional requirements
- 16.8 Case studies
- 16.8.1 Carbon fiber ligament failure (materials failure)
- 16.8.2 Breast implants (regulatory failure)
- 16.8.3 IOL fracture (design failure)
- 16.9 Looking forward
- 16.10 Summary
- 16.11 Problems for consideration
- 16.12 References
- A.1 Properties of areas
- A.2 Thin-walled pressure vessel
- A.3 Thick-walled pressure vessel
- A.4 Thin-walled tube under torsion and/or bending
- C.1 Structured learning objectives based on Bloom's taxonomy
- C.2 Active learning practices and inquiry-based lectures
- C.3 Clinical case studies
- C.4 Professional development using learning styles and interdisciplinary teams
- C.5 Outreach teaching (service-learning) in the K-12 sector
- C.6 Criteria specified by Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)
- C.7 References
UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS
Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.
Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).
Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.
Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.
Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.
Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu
- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 6453
- Útgáfuár : 2011
- Leyfi : 379