Lýsing:
In Marriages and Families in the Twenty-First Century: A Bioecological Approach, Tasha R. Howe′s unique micro-to-macro perspective invites all readers to explore the full complexity of contemporary relationships and family structures within their ever-changing social, cultural, psychological, and biological frameworks. The illuminating narrative leads students into the future of the field by uniting the latest developmental science with everyday examples that place the individual within the context of family, peers, neighbors, teachers, schools, media, religious institutions, and culture.
Annað
- Höfundur: Tasha R. Howe
- Útgáfa:3
- Útgáfudagur: 2023-02-02
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781071852460
- Print ISBN: 9781071910603
- ISBN 10: 1071852469
Efnisyfirlit
- Preface
- New to This Edition
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 The Changing American Family
- The Standard North American Family
- Focus on My Family: The Howe Family
- Family Structures Versus Family Processes
- Self-Assessment: Rating My Family’s Strengths
- Diverse Family Structures and Processes
- Regulating Family Structures and Processes Around the World
- Cultural Relativism Versus Human Rights
- Native American and European Families
- Native Americans in Modern Times
- Brain Food: Childhood in the Colonies
- American Family Life After the Industrial Revolution
- Native Americans in Modern Times
- Many American Histories
- African American Families in Modern Times
- How Would You Measure That?: Infant Co-sleeping (Lerner et al., 2020)
- Mexican American Experiences
- Puerto Rican American Experiences
- Cuban American Experiences
- Latinos in Modern Times
- Chinese American Experiences
- Japanese American Experiences
- Asian Americans in Modern Times
- African American Families in Modern Times
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- The Standard North American Family
- Chapter 2 How We Study the Family
- Theories Influenced by Communist Ideologies
- Communism
- Structural-Functionalism
- Family Systems Theory
- Conflict Theory
- Social Exchange Theory
- Theories Influenced by Scientific Advances
- Social Constructionism
- Feminist Theory
- Attachment Theory
- Bioecological Theory
- The Person
- Processes and Contexts
- Focus on My Family: Jan’s Story
- Experimental Research Methods
- Hypothesis Testing
- Operational Definitions
- Experimental Procedures
- Variables
- Experimental Design
- Choosing a Research Time Frame
- How Would You Measure That?: Children’s Adjustment in Relation to Their Exposure to Family Conflict (Sturge-Apple et al., 2006)
- Examining Results
- Correlational Research Methods
- Correlations Versus Causal Inferences
- Brain Food: Spurious Correlations
- Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods
- Etic and Emic Approaches
- Demand Characteristics
- Demographic Variables in Research Methods
- Race and Ethnicity
- Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
- Social Class
- Building Your Strengths: Improving Critical Thinking
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Theories Influenced by Communist Ideologies
- Chapter 3 Sex and Gender
- What’s the Difference Between Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation?
- Two Genders or More?
- Intersexuality
- The Complexity of Gender Identity and Gender Roles
- Gender and Sexual Orientation
- Can Sexual Orientation Change?
- Complex Family Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
- Heteronormativity
- The Importance of Gender for Living in Families
- Gender Discrimination and Sexism
- Sexism
- Men and Masculinity
- Intersectional Identities
- Gender Similarity Hypothesis
- Gender Stereotypes
- Stereotype Threat
- How Would You Measure That?: The Effects of Stereotype Threat on Boys’ Reading Performance (Pansu, et al., 2016)
- Theories and Research on Gender Role Development
- Gender Schema Theory
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Self-Assessment: Bem’s (1974, 1977) Psychosexual Androgyny Scale
- Evolution and Adult Gendered Behavior
- Genetic and Biological Influences on Gender: Prenatal to Puberty
- Prenatal Sexual Differentiation
- Genes Versus Brains
- Contextual Influences on Prenatal and Infant Development
- Puberty and Gender
- Brain Food: Gender Differences Found in Research
- Diversity in Adult Gender Roles
- The Diverse Lives of Adult Men
- Men of Color
- Contemporary Trends for Modern Men
- Focus on My Family: Dave and Janet’s Story
- The Diverse Lives of Adult Women
- Women of Color
- Macrosystem Influences on Women and Their Families
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- What’s the Difference Between Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation?
- Chapter 4 Sexualities
- Macrosystem and Chronosystem Influences on Sexuality
- The Industrial Revolution
- Social Darwinism
- The 20th Century
- The Sexual Double Standard
- Trends in Sexual Behavior and Attitudes About Sex
- Cultural Regulation of Sexuality
- Focus on My Family: Melinda’s Story
- Recent U.S. Trends in Sexual Behavior
- Cultural Variations in Sexual Behavior
- The Bioecological Perspective
- How Our Sex Organs Work
- Women’s Sexual Organs
- Hormones
- Women’s Sexual Response
- Female Orgasms
- Women’s Sexual Problems
- Building Your Strengths: Improving Sexual Satisfaction
- Men’s Sex Organs
- Men’s Sexual Response
- Men’s Sexual Problems
- Sexualities in More Depth
- Sexual Orientation
- Biological Research on Homosexuality
- Genes
- Chromosomes
- Social and Contextual Issues and Homosexuality
- Contemporary Issues in Sexuality
- Female Genital Mutilation
- AIDS and Safer Sex
- Issues in Youth Sexuality
- Abstinence Education, Virginity Pledges, and Family Relationships
- Sexual Diversity Versus Disorders
- Sex Therapy
- Physiological Aspects of Sex Therapy
- Sexual Abuse and Sexualized Violence
- How Would You Measure That?: Preventing Sexual Violence (Banyard et al., 2007)
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Macrosystem and Chronosystem Influences on Sexuality
- Chapter 5 Dating and Mate Selection
- Changing Trends in Courtship, Dating, Hooking Up, and Mate Selection
- Historical Trends in Dating and Mate Selection
- Contemporary Trends
- General Processes Leading From Dating to Mate Selection
- Attachment Processes
- A Bioecological Examination of Dating and Mate Selection
- Biological Factors
- Evolutionary Perspectives
- Neurobiological Research
- Phases of Chemical Attraction
- Attachment and Physiological Reactivity
- How Would You Measure That?: Cortisol and Risk Taking (Halpern et al., 2002)
- Person, Process, and Context Factors
- The Macrosystem: Cultural Factors
- Theories of Dating and Mate Selection
- Structural-Functionalism and Dating
- Conflict Theory
- Filter Theory
- More on Filter and Market Value Approaches to Mate Selection
- Diversity in Dating and Mate Selection
- Crossing Ethnic Lines
- Focus on My Family: Adrian and Shanice’s Story
- LGBT Communities and Dating
- Adolescents and Dating
- Seniors and Dating
- Contemporary Trends Around the World
- Global Dating Trends
- Building Your Strengths: Improving Your First Impression on a Date
- Dating With Technology
- Dating Violence
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Changing Trends in Courtship, Dating, Hooking Up, and Mate Selection
- Chapter 6 Love
- What Is Love?
- Passionate/Romantic Love Versus Companionate Love
- Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
- Lee’s Styles of Love
- Aron and Aron’s Self-Expansion Theory of Love
- Focus on My Family: The Story of Louise’s Two Loves
- Is Love Universal?
- Some Historical Trends
- Gender Issues
- How Men and Women Express Love
- Androgynous Love
- Self-Assessment: Love Attitudes—Short Form
- Modern Ideas
- Polyamory
- Biological Aspects of Love
- The Brain and Relationships
- Neurochemistry and the Development of Love
- Kissing
- Relationship Development
- How Would You Measure That?: Serotonin in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Love (MARAZZITI et al., 1999)
- The Social Contexts of Love
- Baby Love
- Adult Attachment
- Macrosystem Forces
- Professional Help for Enhancing Love
- Brain Food: Some Tips for Constructive Conflict
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- What Is Love?
- Chapter 7 Marriages and Committed Partnerships
- Historical and Contemporary Trends in Marriage
- Marriages Before Industrialization
- Marriage in the 19th Century
- Contemporary Marriage Trends
- The Deinstitutionalization of Marriage
- Specific Forms of Deinstitutionalization
- Focus on My Family: Todd, Michael, and Joel
- Examining the Modern Institution of Marriage
- Health Benefits of Happy Marriages
- Gender Differences in the Health Benefits of Marriage
- How Would You Measure That?: Newlyweds’ Hormones and Marriage Quality (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 2003)
- Processes Underlying the Marriage–Health Link
- Cohabitation, Covenant, and Arranged Marriages
- Cohabitation and Common Law Marriage
- A Case Example of Cohabitation in Sweden
- Covenant Marriages
- Arranged Marriages
- Same-Sex Marriages
- Key Historical Turning Points in Same-Sex Marriage
- Domestic Partnerships
- Brain Food: The First U.S. Domestic Partnership Statute
- Contemporary Views of Same-Sex Marriage
- Specific Arguments for and Against Same-Sex Marriage
- Interracial and Intercultural Marriages
- Social Dominance Beliefs and Interracial Marriage
- Demographic Variables and Interracial Marriage
- Intercultural Marriages
- Immigrant Marriages
- Marital Problems and Building Healthy Relationships
- Infidelity
- Financial Infidelity
- Unresolved Conflict
- Problems in Relationship Perceptions
- Building Your Strengths: Reducing Criticism
- Premarital Counseling
- Positive Interactions
- Dyadic Coping
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Historical and Contemporary Trends in Marriage
- Chapter 8 Living Single
- The Normative Life Cycle Model: Effects on Singles
- The Struggles for Identity and Intimacy
- Emerging Adulthood
- Types of Emerging Adults
- Unique Challenges Facing Singles
- Singlism
- Brain Food: Singlehood Stigma Scale
- Coping With Singlism
- Singles Pride
- Macrosystem Forces Against Singlehood
- An Example From Mormon Culture
- Examples From Africa
- Women’s Rights in African Nations
- Examples From the United States
- How Would You Measure That?: Discrimination Against Singles (Morris, Sinclair, & DePaulo, 2007)
- Fighting for Singles’ Rights in the United States
- The Diverse Lives of Single People
- Non-normative Singles
- Living Apart Together
- Diverse Reasons for Singlehood
- Focus on My Family: Leslie and Scirocco
- Single Through Commitment to God
- Priests, Monks, and Nuns: A Historical Family Necessity
- Contemporary Faith-Based Single Lifestyles
- An Example From Thai Buddhist Maechii
- The Psychological and Physical Health of Single People
- Singles Strain
- Emotional Attachments
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- The Normative Life Cycle Model: Effects on Singles
- Chapter 9 Reproduction and Parenting
- Historical and Cultural Trends in Parenting
- Brain Food: Some Methods of Contraception
- The Work of Leta Hollingworth
- Historical Beliefs and Practices Surrounding Childbirth
- Historical Views of Children and Childhood
- Historical Views of Motherhood and Fatherhood
- Diverse Families in History
- Modern Ideas for Ensuring Child Well-Being in Families
- Reproduction and Other Ways to Have Children
- Egg and Sperm
- The Egg and the Prenatal Environment
- Sperm and the Role of the Father
- The Role of Genes After Fertilization
- Prenatal Development
- How Would You Measure That?: Hormonal Changes in Men During Pregnancy (Storey et al., 2000)
- Giving Birth
- Natural Birth
- Cesarean Section Birth
- Choosing a Birth Method
- Infertility
- Artificial Insemination
- In Vitro Fertilization
- Reproductive Surrogacy
- Adoption
- Private Adoption
- Public Adoption
- International Adoption
- Unique Challenges of Adoptive Parenting
- The Transition to Parenting: Roles and Responsibilities
- Mitigating the Stress of Parenthood
- Postpartum Mental Health
- Infant Brains and the Environment
- Stress and the Developing Brain
- Secure Environments and the Developing Brain
- Overstimulation of the Developing Brain
- Parenting Styles
- Socioeconomic Influences on Parenting Styles
- Self-Assessment: Parenting Quality in Family of Origin
- The Many Faces of Parenthood
- Fathering
- Fathering With Fewer Resources
- Single Parents
- African American Parents
- Transnational and Latino Parents
- Native American Parents
- Asian American Parents
- LGBT Parents
- Focus on My Family: Susan and Karen Adopt Internationally
- Grandparents as Parents
- Children as Primary Caregivers
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Historical and Cultural Trends in Parenting
- Chapter 10 The Economy of Working Families
- Contemporary and Historic Trends in Family Economies
- Contemporary Issues
- Historical Patterns in Work and Income
- Working Women
- How Would You Measure That?: Young Women’s Desires to Enter Male-Dominated Professions (Frome, Alfeld, Eccles, & Barber, 2008)
- Working Women in Families
- Women and Career Advancement
- Sexism
- Challenges for Working Women of Color
- Tokenism
- Wage Penalties for Women
- Diverse Experiences in Work and Family Life
- Focus on My Family: Leah and Kamara
- LGBT Issues and Work
- African American Experiences With Work and Family
- Diversity in Social Policies Around the World
- Balancing Work and Family
- Family-Friendly Policies
- Childcare Issues
- The Impact of Performing Multiple Roles
- Policies That Benefit Families
- Effects of Family-Friendly Policies
- Work Stress
- Self-Assessment: The Energy Project Audit
- The Role of Personality in Work Stress
- Economic Downturns and Unemployment
- Poverty and Wealth: Living on the Economic Extremes
- Living in Poverty
- The Consequences of Poverty
- Effective Poverty Reduction Strategies
- Brain Food: What Happens When People Receive a Standard Basic Income?
- Living in Affluence
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Contemporary and Historic Trends in Family Economies
- Chapter 11 Families in Crisis
- A Bioecological Framework for Understanding the Pervasiveness of Violence
- Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Brain Food: What to Do if You Think Someone Is Being Battered
- Forms of Elder Abuse
- Neglect
- Self-Neglect
- Physical Abuse
- Psychological/Emotional Abuse
- Sexual Abuse
- Financial/Material Abuse/Exploitation
- Diversity in Elder Abuse
- Animal Abuse
- Risk Factors for Animal Abuse
- Childhood Cruelty to Animals
- Intimate Partner Violence
- Historical Trends in Intimate Partner Violence
- The Importance of Terminology
- Marital Rape
- The Gender Symmetry Controversy
- Focus on My Family: Paula’s Story
- The World Health Organization Study
- Research on Western Couples
- IPV in Young People
- LGBT IPV
- Ethnicity and IPV
- The Dynamics of IPV
- Cycle of Violence
- Power and Control
- Why Is It So Hard to Leave a Batterer?
- Biological Processes Resulting From IPV
- Risk and Protective Factors Related to Victimization
- Victims or Survivors?
- Feminism and IPV
- Batterers
- Types of Batterers
- Dysphoric/Borderline Batterers
- Antisocial/Violent Batterers
- Family Only Batterers
- Attachment Issues
- Treatment Issues
- Duluth Model
- An Innovative Treatment Model for Latino Immigrants
- Building Your Strengths: Positive Coping Skills Assessment
- Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
- Child Maltreatment
- Cultural Issues in Maltreatment
- Types of Child Maltreatment
- Physical Abuse
- Abusive Head Trauma
- Neglect
- How Would You Measure That?: The Romanian Orphans Study (Nelson et al., 2009)
- Sexual Abuse
- Psychological/Emotional Abuse
- Intervention and Prevention
- Legal Issues
- The Need for Evidence-Based Practice
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- A Bioecological Framework for Understanding the Pervasiveness of Violence
- Chapter 12 Divorce and Remarriage
- Trends in Divorce and Remarriage Over Time
- Historical Trends in Divorce
- Historical Trends in the United States
- Contemporary Trends
- How Would You Measure That?: Divorce Rates and Gender Equality (Yodanis, 2005)
- Contemporary Legal Trends
- Comparing Trends in Other Countries and the United States
- The Effects of Divorce
- Effects of Divorce on Women
- Psychological Issues for Women and Children
- Biological Aspects of Women’s Response to Divorce
- The Effects of Abuse on Divorce Outcomes
- Effects of Divorce on Men
- Financial Issues
- Psychological Processes Fathers Can Experience
- Effects of Divorce on Children
- Should Parents Stay Together for the Kids?
- Positive Outcomes of Divorce
- Brain Food: The Children’s Bill of Rights in Divorce
- The Complexities of Divorce
- The Process of Divorce
- Some Psychological Processes Related to Divorce
- Focus on My Family: Loretta’s Story
- The Stations of Divorce
- Reducing the Negative Impact of Divorce
- Coparenting
- Couples Coping Enhancement Training
- Remarriage
- Variables Influencing Remarriage Rates
- Special Challenges in Stepfamilies
- Legal and Financial Issues
- Challenges for Stepmothers Versus Stepfathers
- Different Viewpoints on Stepfamilies
- Healthy Ways to Remarry and Stepparent
- Building Your Strengths: Positive Stepparenting
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Trends in Divorce and Remarriage Over Time
- Chapter 13 Growing Older in Families
- Historical and Cultural Beliefs About Aging
- Historical Trends
- Contemporary Trends Around the World
- Diverse Experiences With Aging
- Some African American Experiences
- Some Hispanic/Latinx Experiences
- Focus on My Family: Fernando and Rebecca
- Some LGBT Experiences
- Multidimensional Changes With Age
- Physical Development
- Sexual Development
- Older Women’s Sexuality
- Older Men’s Sexuality
- Cognitive Development
- How Would You Measure That?: Intervention for Family Caregivers of Stroke Patients (Shyu et al., 2008)
- Psychological Control
- Socioemotional Development
- Well-Being After Retirement
- Depression and Suicide
- Life Satisfaction Among Women
- Self-Assessment: Quality of Life Assessment
- Widowhood
- Intergenerational Family Relationships
- Marriages and Committed Partnerships in Later Life
- Relationships With Adult Children
- Adult Children as Caregivers for Elders
- Family Routines and Rituals
- Grandparenting
- Types of Grandparents
- Brain Food: Grandparents’ Visitation Rights
- Complexities of Modern Grandparenting
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Historical and Cultural Beliefs About Aging
- Chapter 14 The Evolution of Families in the 21st Century
- Five Key Ideas for Understanding Marriages and Families
- The Bioecological Model
- Family Structure Versus Process
- Focus on My Family: Refia’s Story
- A Strengths-Based Approach
- Intersectional Identities
- Diversity as Normative
- General Trends in Multiculturalism
- Ethnic Changes in the United States
- Views in Favor of Multiculturalism
- Views Against Multiculturalism
- Using a Strengths-Based Approach in a Multicultural World
- How Gender Equality and LGBT Rights Impact Global Well-Being
- Women’s Rights
- Women in the Arab World
- LGBT Rights
- Globalization
- Acculturation Stress
- Trauma From Global Violence
- How Would You Measure That?: Moral Reasoning in Bosnian Children After the War (Garrod et al., 2003)
- The Crisis in Syria
- The Responsibilities of Developed Nations
- An In-Depth Look at Immigration
- Transnational Families
- LGBT Immigrants
- Undocumented Immigrants
- Undocumented Children and Education
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Five Key Ideas for Understanding Marriages and Families
- Glossary
- References
- Index
- About the Author
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 13411
- Útgáfuár : 2017
- Leyfi : 379