Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy
Lýsing:
Does the existence of evil call into doubt the existence of God? Show me the argument. Philosophy starts with questions, but attempts at answers are just as important, and these answers require reasoned argument. Cutting through dense philosophical prose, 100 famous and influential arguments are presented in their essence, with premises, conclusions and logical form plainly identified. Key quotations provide a sense of style and approach.
Just the Arguments is an invaluable one-stop argument shop. A concise, formally structured summation of 100 of the most important arguments in Western philosophy The first book of its kind to present the most important and influential philosophical arguments in a clear premise/conclusion format, the language that philosophers use and students are expected to know Offers succinct expositions of key philosophical arguments without bogging them down in commentary Translates difficult texts to core arguments Designed to provides a quick and compact reference to everything from Aquinas’ “Five Ways” to prove the existence of God, to the metaphysical possibilities of a zombie world.
Annað
- Höfundar: Michael Bruce, Steven Barbone
- Útgáfa:1
- Útgáfudagur: 2011-08-24
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781444344417
- Print ISBN: 9781444336375
- ISBN 10: 1444344412
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: Show Me the Arguments
- Philosophy of Religion
- Metaphysics
- Epistemology
- Ethics
- Philosophy of Mind
- Science and Language
- How to Use This Book
- Part I: Philosophy of Religion
- 1 Aquinas’ Five Ways
- The First Way – The Argument from Motion
- The Second Way – The Argument from Causation
- The Third Way – The Argument from Possibility and Necessity
- The Fourth Way – The Argument from Gradation
- The Fifth Way – The Argument from the Governance
- 2 The Contingency Cosmological Argument
- 3 The Kalam Argument for the Existence of God
- 4 The Ontological Argument
- 5 Pascal’s Wager
- 6 James’ Will to Believe Argument
- 7 The Problem of Evil
- 8 The Free Will Defense to the Problem of Evil
- 9 St. Anselm on Free Choice and the Power to Sin
- 10 Hume’s Argument against Miracles
- 11 The Euthyphro Dilemma
- 12 Nietzsche’s Death of God
- 13 Ockham’s Razor
- 1 Aquinas’ Five Ways
- Part II: Metaphysics
- 14 Parmenides’ Refutation of Change
- 15 McTaggart’s Argument against the Reality of Time
- 16 Berkeley’s Master Argument for Idealism
- 17 Kant’s Refutation of Idealism
- 18 The Master Argument of Diodorus Cronus
- 19 Lewis’ Argument for Possible Worlds
- 20 A Reductionist Account of Personal Identity
- Defining Premises
- Arguments in Defense of the Reductionist View
- 21 Split-Case Arguments about Personal Identity
- 22 The Ship of Theseus
- 23 The Problem of Temporary Intrinsics
- 24 A Modern Modal Argument for the Soul
- 25 Two Arguments for the Harmlessness of Death
- Epicurus’ Death is Nothing to Us Argument
- Lucretius’ Symmetry Argument
- 26 The Existence of Forms: Plato’s Argument from the Possibility of Knowledge
- 27 Plato, Aristotle, and the Third Man Argument
- 28 Logical Monism
- 29 The Maximality Paradox
- 30 An Argument for Free Will
- 31 Frankfurt’s Refutation of the Principle of Alternative Possibilities
- 32 Van Inwagen’s Consequence Argument against Compatibilism
- Van Inwagen’s First Formalization
- 33 Fatalism
- 34 Sartre’s Argument for Freedom
- Part III: Epistemology
- 35 The Cogito Arguments of Descartes and Augustine
- Descartes’ Cogito
- Augustine’s “Si fallor, sum” Argument (If I Am Mistaken, I Exist)
- 36 The Cartesian Dreaming Argument for External-World Skepticism
- 37 The Transparency of Experience Argument
- 38 The Regress Argument for Skepticism
- 39 Moore’s Anti-Skeptical Arguments
- 40 The Bias Paradox
- 41 Gettier’s Argument against the Traditional Account of Knowledge
- 42 Putnam’s Argument against Cultural Imperialism
- Extension of Putnam’s Argument
- 43 Davidson on the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme
- Part I: Shorter Version (Leaves Key Premises Unsupported)
- Part II: Detailed Version
- Complete Failure of Translation
- Partial Failure of Translation
- The Unintelligibility of the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme
- 44 Quine’s Two Dogmas of Empiricism
- 45 Hume and the Problem of Induction
- Hume’s Problem of Induction
- Hume’s Negative Argument concerning Induction
- 46 Argument by Analogy in Thales and Anaximenes
- 47 Quine’s Epistemology Naturalized
- 48 Sellars and the Myth of the Given
- 49 Sellars’ “Rylean Myth”
- 50 Aristotle and the Argument to End All Arguments
- 35 The Cogito Arguments of Descartes and Augustine
- Part IV: Ethics
- 51 Justice Brings Happiness in Plato’s Republic
- 52 Aristotle’s Function Argument
- 53 Aristotle’s Argument that Goods Are Irreducible
- 54 Aristotle’s Argument for Perfectionism
- 55 Categorical Imperative as the Source for Morality
- 56 Kant on Why Autonomy Deserves Respect
- 57 Mill’s Proof of Utilitarianism
- Generic Argument for Traditional Utilitarianism
- Mill’s Proof of Utilitarianism (Straightforward Interpretation)
- Mill’s Proof of Utilitarianism (One Alternative Interpretation)
- Mill’s Proof of Utilitarianism (Another Alternative Interpretation)
- 58 The Experience Machine Objection to Hedonism
- 59 The Error Theory Argument
- 60 Moore’s Open Question Argument
- 61 Wolff’s Argument for the Rejection of State Authority
- 62 Nozick’s Taxation Is Forced Labor Argument
- 63 Charity is Obligatory
- 64 The Repugnant Conclusion
- 65 Taurek on Numbers Don’t Count
- 66 Parfit’s Leveling Down Argument against Egalitarianism
- 67 Nozick’s Wilt Chamberlain Argument
- 68 Liberal Feminism
- The Nature of Women’s Disadvantage and Oppression
- The Source of Women’s Disadvantage and Oppression
- Achieving Gender Justice
- 69 Moral Status of Animals from Marginal Cases
- 70 The Ethical Vegetarianism Argument
- 71 Thomson and the Famous Violinist
- 72 Marquis and the Immorality of Abortion
- 73 Tooley on Abortion and Infanticide
- 74 Rachels on Euthanasia
- Part V: Philosophy of Mind
- 75 Leibniz’ Argument for Innate Ideas
- Three Arguments
- 76 Descartes’ Arguments for the Mind–Body Distinction
- 77 Princess Elisabeth and the Mind–Body Problem
- 78 Kripke’s Argument for Mind–Body Property Dualism
- 79 The Argument from Mental Causation for Physicalism
- 80 Davidson’s Argument for Anomalous Monism
- 81 Putnam’s Multiple Realization Argument against Type-Physicalism
- 82 The Supervenience Argument against Non-Reductive Physicalism
- 83 Ryle’s Argument against Cartesian Internalism
- 84 Jackson’s Knowledge Argument
- 85 Nagel’s “What Is It Like to Be a Bat” Argument against Physicalism
- 86 Chalmers’ Zombie Argument
- 87 The Argument from Revelation
- 88 Searle and the Chinese Room Argument
- 75 Leibniz’ Argument for Innate Ideas
- Part VI: Science and Language
- 89 Sir Karl Popper’s Demarcation Argument
- 90 Kuhn’s Incommensurability Arguments
- Rationality and Paradigm Shifts
- Incommensurable Paradigms and Holism
- 91 Putnam’s No Miracles Argument
- 92 Galileo’s Falling Bodies
- 93 Eliminative Materialism
- 94 Wittgenstein’s Private Language Argument
- 95 Fodor’s Argument for Linguistic Nativism
- 96 Fodor and the Impossibility of Learning
- 97 Quine on the Indeterminacy of Translation
- 98 Davidson’s Argument for the Principle of Charity
- 99 Frege’s Argument for Platonism
- 100 Mathematical Platonism
- Appendix A: Learning the Logical Lingo
- Appendix B: Rules of Inference and Replacement
- Notes on Contributors
- Index
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 13178
- Útgáfuár : 2011
- Leyfi : 379