Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About the authors
• Preface to the Fourth Edition
• Chapter 1 Compressible Flow—Some History and Introductory Thoughts
  • 1.1 Historical High-Water Marks
  • 1.2 Definition of Compressible Flow
  • 1.3 Flow Regimes
  • 1.4 A Brief Review of Thermodynamics
  • 1.5 Aerodynamic Forces on a Body
  • 1.6 Modern Compressible Flow
  • 1.7 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 2 Integral Forms of the Conservation Equations for Inviscid Flows
  • 2.1 Philosophy
  • 2.2 Approach
  • 2.3 Continuity Equation
  • 2.4 Momentum Equation
  • 2.5 A Comment
  • 2.6 Energy Equation
  • 2.7 Final Comment
  • 2.8 An Application of the Momentum Equation: Jet Propulsion Engine Thrust
  • 2.9 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 3 One-Dimensional Flow
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 One-Dimensional Flow Equations
  • 3.3 Speed of Sound and Mach Number
  • 3.4 Some Conveniently Defined Flow Parameters
  • 3.5 Alternative Forms of the Energy Equation
  • 3.6 Normal Shock Relations
  • 3.7 Hugoniot Equation
  • 3.8 One-Dimensional Flow with Heat Addition
  • 3.9 One-Dimensional Flow with Friction
  • 3.10 Historical Note: Sound Waves and Shock Waves
  • 3.11 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 4 Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Source of Oblique Waves
  • 4.3 Oblique Shock Relations
  • 4.4 Supersonic Flow Over Wedges and Cones
  • 4.5 Shock Polar
  • 4.6 Regular Reflection from a Solid Boundary
  • 4.7 Comment on Flow Through Multiple Shock Systems
  • 4.8 Pressure-Deflection Diagrams
  • 4.9 Intersection of Shocks of Opposite Families
  • 4.10 Intersection of Shocks of the Same Family
  • 4.11 Mach Reflection
  • 4.12 Detached Shock Wave in Front of a Blunt Body
  • 4.13 Three-Dimensional Shock Waves
  • 4.14 Prandtl–Meyer Expansion Waves
  • 4.15 Shock–Expansion Theory
  • 4.16 Historical Note: Prandtl’s Early Research on Supersonic Flows and the Origin of the Prandtl–Meyer Theory
  • 4.17 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 5 Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Governing Equations
  • 5.3 Area–Velocity Relation
  • 5.4 Nozzles
  • 5.5 Diffusers
  • 5.6 Wave Reflection from a Free Boundary
  • 5.7 Summary
  • 5.8 Historical Note: De Laval—A Biographical Sketch
  • 5.9 Historical Note: Stodola and the First Definitive Supersonic Nozzle Experiments
  • 5.10 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 6 Differential Conservation Equations for Inviscid Flows
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Differential Equations in Conservation Form
  • 6.3 The Substantial Derivative
  • 6.4 Differential Equations in Nonconservation Form
  • 6.5 The Entropy Equation
  • 6.6 Crocco’s Theorem: A Relation Between the Thermodynamics and Fluid Kinematics of a Compressible Flow
  • 6.7 Historical Note: Early Development of the Conservation Equations
  • 6.8 Historical Note: Leonhard Euler—The Man
  • 6.9 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 7 Unsteady Wave Motion
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Moving Normal Shock Waves
  • 7.3 Reflected Shock Wave
  • 7.4 Physical Picture of Wave Propagation
  • 7.5 Elements of Acoustic Theory
  • 7.6 Finite (Nonlinear) Waves
  • 7.7 Incident and Reflected Expansion Waves
  • 7.8 Shock Tube Relations
  • 7.9 Finite Compression Waves
  • 7.10 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 8 General Conservation Equations Revisited: Velocity Potential Equation
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Irrotational Flow
  • 8.3 The Velocity Potential Equation
  • 8.4 Historical Note: Origin of the Concepts of Fluid Rotation and Velocity Potential
  • Problems
• Chapter 9 Linearized Flow
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Linearized Velocity Potential Equation
  • 9.3 Linearized Pressure Coefficient
  • 9.4 Linearized Subsonic Flow
  • 9.5 Improved Compressibility Corrections
  • 9.6 Linearized Supersonic Flow
  • 9.7 Critical Mach Number
  • 9.8 Summary
  • 9.9 Historical Note: The 1935 Volta Conference—Threshold to Modern Compressible Flow with Associated Events Before and After
  • 9.10 Historical Note: Prandtl—A Biographical Sketch
  • 9.11 Historical Note: Glauert—A Biographical Sketch
  • 9.12 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 10 Conical Flow
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Physical Aspects of Conical Flow
  • 10.3 Quantitative Formulation (After Taylor and Maccoll)
  • 10.4 Numerical Procedure
  • 10.5 Physical Aspects of Supersonic FlowOver Cones
  • Problems
• Chapter 11 Numerical Techniques for Steady Supersonic Flow
  • 11.1 An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • 11.2 Philosophy of the Method of Characteristics
  • 11.3 Determination of the Characteristic Lines: Two-Dimensional Irrotational Flow
  • 11.4 Determination of the Compatibility Equations
  • 11.5 Unit Processes
  • 11.6 Regions of Influence and Domains of Dependence
  • 11.7 Supersonic Nozzle Design
  • 11.8 Method of Characteristics for Axisymmetric Irrotational Flow
  • 11.9 Method of Characteristics for Rotational (Nonisentropic and Nonadiabatic) Flow
  • 11.10 Three-Dimensional Method of Characteristics
  • 11.11 Introduction to Finite Differences
  • 11.12 Maccormack’s Technique
  • 11.13 Boundary Conditions
  • 11.14 Stability Criterion: The CFL Criterion
  • 11.15 Shock Capturing versus Shock Fitting; Conservation versus Nonconservation Forms of the Equations
  • 11.16 Comparison of Characteristics and Finite-Difference Solutions with Application to the Space Shuttle
  • 11.17 Historical Note: The First Practical Application of the Method of Characteristics to Supersonic Flow
  • 11.18 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 12 The Time-Marching Technique: With Application to Supersonic Blunt Bodies and Nozzles
  • 12.1 Introduction to the Philosophy of Time-Marching Solutions for Steady Flows
  • 12.2 Stability Criterion
  • 12.3 The Blunt Body Problem—Qualitative Aspects and Limiting Characteristics
  • 12.4 Newtonian Theory
  • 12.5 Time-Marching Solution of the Blunt Body Problem
  • 12.6 Results for the Blunt Body Flowfield
  • 12.7 Time-Marching Solution of Two-Dimensional Nozzle Flows
  • 12.8 Other Aspects of the Time-Marching Technique; Artificial Viscosity
  • 12.9 Historical Note: Newton’s Sine-Squared Law—Some Further Comments
  • 12.10 Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 13 Three-Dimensional Flow
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Cones at Angle of Attack: Qualitative Aspects
  • 13.3 Cones at Angle of Attack: Quantitative Aspects
  • 13.4 Blunt-Nosed Bodies at Angle of Attack
  • 13.5 Stagnation and Maximum Entropy Streamlines
  • 13.6 Comments and Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 14 Transonic Flow
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Some Physical Aspects of Transonic Flows
  • 14.3 Some Theoretical Aspects of Transonic Flows; Transonic Similarity
  • 14.4 Solutions of the Small-Perturbation Velocity Potential Equation: The Murman and Cole Method
  • 14.5 Solutions of the Full Velocity Potential Equation
  • 14.6 Solutions of the Euler Equations
  • 14.7 Historical Note: Transonic Flight—Its Evolution, Challenges, Failures, and Successes
  • 14.8 Summary and Comments
  • Problem
• Chapter 15 Hypersonic Flow
  • 15.1 Introduction
  • 15.2 Hypersonic Flow—What Is It?
  • 15.3 Hypersonic Shock Wave Relations
  • 15.4 A Local Surface Inclination Method: Newtonian Theory
  • 15.5 Mach Number Independence
  • 15.6 The Hypersonic Small-Disturbance Equations
  • 15.7 Hypersonic Similarity
  • 15.8 Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied to Hypersonic Flow: Some Comments
  • 15.9 Hypersonic Vehicle Considerations
  • 15.10 Historical Note
  • 15.11 Summary and Final Comments
  • Problems
• Chapter 16 Properties of High-Temperature Gases
  • 16.1 Introduction
  • 16.2 Microscopic Description of Gases
  • 16.3 Counting the Number of Microstates for a Given Macrostate
  • 16.4 The Most Probable Macrostate
  • 16.5 The Limiting Case: Boltzmann Distribution
  • 16.6 Evaluation of Thermodynamic Properties in Terms of the Partition Function
  • 16.7 Evaluation of the Partition Function in Terms of Tand V
  • 16.8 Practical Evaluation of Thermodynamic Properties for a Single Species
  • 16.9 The Equilibrium Constant
  • 16.10 Chemical Equilibrium—Qualitative Discussion
  • 16.11 Practical Calculation of the Equilibrium Composition
  • 16.12 Equilibrium Gas Mixture Thermodynamic Properties
  • 16.13 Introduction to Nonequilibrium Systems
  • 16.14 Vibrational Rate Equation
  • 16.15 Chemical Rate Equations
  • 16.16 Chemical Nonequilibrium inHigh-Temperature Air
  • 16.17 Summary of Chemical Nonequilibrium
  • 16.18 Chapter Summary
  • Problems
• Chapter 17 High-Temperature Flows: Basic Examples
  • 17.1 Introduction to Local Thermodynamic and Chemical Equilibrium
  • 17.2 Equilibrium Normal Shock Wave Flows
  • 17.3 Equilibrium Quasi-One-Dimensional Nozzle Flows
  • 17.4 Frozen and Equilibrium Flows: Specific Heats
  • 17.5 Equilibrium Speed of Sound
  • 17.6 On the Use of γ= cp∕cv
  • 17.7 Nonequilibrium Flows: Species Continuity Equation
  • 17.8 Rate Equation for Vibrationally Nonequilibrium Flow
  • 17.9 Summary of Governing Equations for Nonequilibrium Flows
  • 17.10 Nonequilibrium Normal Shock Wave Flows
  • 17.11 Nonequilibrium Quasi-One-Dimensional Nozzle Flows
  • 17.12 Summary
  • Problems
• Appendix A
  • Table A.1 Isentropic Flow Properties
  • Table A.2 Normal Shock Properties
  • Table A.3 One-Dimensional Flow with Heat Addition
  • Table A.4 One-Dimensional Flow with Friction
  • Table A.5 Prandtl–Meyer Function and Mach Angle
• Appendix B
  • An Illustration and Exercise of Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • The Equations
  • Intermediate Numerical Results:The First Few Steps
  • Final Numerical Results:The Steady-State Solution
  • Summary
  • Isentropic Nozzle Flow—Subsonic∕Supersonic ­(Nonconservation Form)
• Appendix C
  • Oblique Shock Properties: γ = 1.4
• References
• Index

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