Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• About the Authors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Introduction
  • Characteristics of Successful Product Development
  • Who Designs and Develops Products?
  • Duration and Cost of Product Development
  • The Challenges of Product Development
  • Approach of This Book
    • Structured Methods
    • Industrial Examples
    • Organizational Realities
    • Roadmap of the Book
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Question
• Chapter 2 Product Development Process and Organization
  • The Product Development Process
  • Concept Development: The Front-End Process
  • Adapting the Generic Product Development Process
    • Technology-Push Products
    • Platform Products
    • Process-Intensive Products
    • Customized Products
    • High-Risk Products
    • Quick-Build Products
    • Digital Products
    • Product-Service Systems
    • Complex Systems
  • Product Development Process Flows
  • The Tyco Product Development Process
  • Product Development Organizations
    • Organizations Are Formed by Establishing Links among Individuals
    • Organizational Links May Be Aligned with Functions, Projects, or Both
    • Choosing an Organizational Structure
    • Distributed Product Development Teams
  • The Tyco Product Development Organization
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 3 Opportunity Identification
  • What Is an Opportunity?
    • Types of Opportunities
  • Tournament Structure of Opportunity Identification
    • Effective Opportunity Tournaments
  • Opportunity Identification Process
  • Step 1: Establish a Charter
  • Step 2: Generate and Sense Many Opportunities
    • Techniques for Generating Opportunities
  • Step 3: Screen Opportunities
  • Step 4: Develop Promising Opportunities
  • Step 5: Select Exceptional Opportunities
  • Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 4 Product Planning
  • The Product Planning Process
    • Four Types of Product Development Projects
    • The Process
  • Step 1: Identify Opportunities
  • Step 2: Evaluate and Prioritize Projects
    • Competitive Strategy
    • Market Segmentation
    • Technological Trajectories
    • Product Platform Planning
    • Technology Roadmapping
    • Evaluating Fundamentally New Product Opportunities
    • Balancing the Portfolio
  • Step 3: Allocate Resources and Plan Timing
    • Resource Allocation
    • Project Timing
    • The Product Plan
  • Step 4: Complete Pre-Project Planning
    • Mission Statements
    • Assumptions and Constraints
    • Staffing and Other Pre-Project Planning Activities
  • Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 5 Identifying Customer Needs
  • The Importance of Latent Needs
  • The Process of Identifying Customer Needs
  • Step 1: Gather Raw Data from Customers
    • Choosing Customers
    • The Art of Eliciting Customer Needs Data
    • Documenting Interactions with Customers
  • Step 2: Interpret Raw Data in Terms of Customer Needs
  • Step 3: Organize the Needs into a Hierarchy
  • Step 4: Establish the Relative Importance of the Needs
  • Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 6 Product Specifications
  • What Are Specifications?
  • When Are Specifications Established?
  • Establishing Target Specifications
    • Step 1: Prepare the List of Metrics
    • Step 2: Collect Competitive Benchmarking Information
    • Step 3: Set Ideal and Marginally Acceptable Target Values
    • Step 4: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Setting the Final Specifications
    • Step 1: Develop Technical Models of the Product
    • Step 2: Develop a Cost Model of the Product
    • Step 3: Refine the Specifications, Making Trade-Offs Where Necessary
    • Step 4: Flow Down the Specifications as Appropriate
    • Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
  • Appendix Target Costing
• Chapter 7 Concept Generation
  • The Activity of Concept Generation
    • Structured Approaches Reduce the Likelihood of Costly Problems
    • A Five-Step Method
  • Step 1: Clarify the Problem
    • Decompose a Complex Problem into Simpler Subproblems
    • Focus Initial Efforts on the Critical Subproblems
  • Step 2: Search Externally
    • Interview Lead Users
    • Consult Experts
    • Search Patents
    • Search Published Literature
    • Benchmark-Related Products
  • Step 3: Search Internally
    • Both Individual and Group Sessions Can Be Useful
    • Hints for Generating Solution Concepts
  • Step 4: Explore Systematically
    • Concept Classification Tree
    • Concept Combination Table
    • Managing the Exploration Process
  • Step 5: Reflect on the Solutions and the Process
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 8 Concept Selection
  • Concept Selection Is an Integral Part of the Product Development Process
  • All Teams Use Some Method for Choosing a Concept
  • A Structured Method Offers Several Benefits
  • Overview of Methodology
  • Concept Screening
    • Step 1: Prepare the Selection Matrix
    • Step 2: Rate the Concepts
    • Step 3: Rank the Concepts
    • Step 4: Combine and Improve the Concepts
    • Step 5: Select One or More Concepts
    • Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Concept Scoring
    • Step 1: Prepare the Selection Matrix
    • Step 2: Rate the Concepts
    • Step 3: Rank the Concepts
    • Step 4: Combine and Improve the Concepts
    • Step 5: Select One or More Concepts
    • Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Caveats
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
  • Appendix A Concept-Screening Matrix Example
  • Appendix B Concept-Scoring Matrix Example
• Chapter 9 Concept Testing
  • Step 1: Define the Purpose of the Concept Test
  • Step 2: Choose a Survey Population
  • Step 3: Choose a Survey Format
  • Step 4: Communicate the Concept
    • Matching the Survey Format with the Means of Communicating the Concept
    • Issues in Communicating the Concept
  • Step 5: Measure Customer Response
  • Step 6: Interpret the Results
  • Step 7: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
  • Appendix Estimating Market Sizes
• Chapter 10 Product Architecture
  • What Is Product Architecture?
    • Types of Modularity
    • When Is the Product Architecture Defined?
  • Implications of the Architecture
    • Product Change
    • Product Variety
    • Component Standardization
    • Product Performance
    • Manufacturability
    • Product Development Management
  • Establishing the Architecture
    • Step 1: Create a Schematic of the Product
    • Step 2: Cluster the Elements of the Schematic
    • Step 3: Create a Rough Geometric Layout
    • Step 4: Identify the Fundamental and Incidental Interactions
  • Delayed Differentiation
  • Platform Planning
    • Differentiation Plan
    • Commonality Plan
    • Managing the Trade-Off between Differentiation and Commonality
  • Related System-Level Design Issues
    • Defining Secondary Systems
    • Establishing the Architecture of the Chunks
    • Creating Detailed Interface Specifications
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 11 Industrial Design
  • What Is Industrial Design?
  • Assessing the Need for Industrial Design
    • Expenditures for Industrial Design
    • How Important Is Industrial Design to a Product?
    • User Experience Needs
    • Aesthetic Needs
  • The Impact of Industrial Design
    • Is Industrial Design Worth the Investment?
    • How Does Industrial Design Establish a Corporate Identity?
  • The Industrial Design Process
    • 1. Investigation of Customer Needs
    • 2. Conceptualization
    • 3. Preliminary Refinement
    • 4. Further Refinement and Final Concept Selection
    • 5. Control Drawings or Models
    • 6. Coordination with Engineering, Manufacturing, and External Vendors
  • Management of the Industrial Design Process
    • Timing of Industrial Design Involvement
  • Assessing the Quality of Industrial Design
    • 1. Usability
    • 2. Emotional Appeal
    • 3. Ability to Maintain and Repair the Product
    • 4. Appropriate Use of Resources
    • 5. Product Differentiation
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 12 Design for Environment
  • What Is Design for Environment?
    • Two Life Cycles
    • Environmental Impacts
    • History of Design for Environment
    • Herman Miller’s Journey toward Design for Environment
  • The Design for Environment Process?
  • Step 1: Set the DFE Agenda: Drivers, Goals, and Team
    • Identify the Internal and External Drivers of DFE
    • Set the DFE Goals
    • Set Up the DFE Team
  • Step 2: Identify Potential Environmental Impacts
  • Step 3: Select DFE Guidelines
  • Step 4: Apply the DFE Guidelines to the Initial Product Design
  • Step 5: Assess the Environmental Impacts
    • Compare the Environmental Impacts to DFE Goals
  • Step 6: Refine the Product Design to Reduce or Eliminate the Environmental Impacts
  • Step 7: Reflect on the DFE Process and Results
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
  • Appendix Design for Environment Guidelines
• Chapter 13 Design for Manufacturing and Supply Chain
  • Design for Manufacturing and Supply Chain Defined
    • DFM Requires a Cross-Functional Team
    • DFM Is Performed throughout the Development Process
    • Overview of the DFM Method
  • Step 1: Consider the Strategic Sourcing Decisions
  • Step 2: Estimate the Manufacturing Costs
    • Cost of Goods
    • Fixed Costs versus Variable Costs
    • The Bill of Materials
    • Estimating the Costs of Standard Components
    • Estimating the Costs of Custom Components
    • Estimating the Costs of Assembly
    • Estimating the Overhead Costs
  • Step 3: Reduce the Costs of Components
    • Understand the Process Constraints and Cost Drivers
    • Redesign Components to Eliminate Processing Steps
    • Choose the Appropriate Economic Scale for the Part Process
    • Standardize Components
    • Adhere to “Black Box” Component Procurement
  • Step 4: Reduce the Costs of Assembly
    • Integrate Parts
    • Maximize Ease of Assembly
    • Consider Customer Assembly
  • Step 5: Reduce the Costs of Supporting Production
    • Minimize Systemic Complexity
    • Error Proofing
  • Step 6: Reduce the Costs of Logistics
  • Here are some guidelines for minimizing volume
  • Step 7: Consider the Impact of DFM Decisions on Other Factors
    • The Impact of DFM on Development Time
    • The Impact of DFM on Development Cost
    • The Impact of DFM on Product Quality
    • The Impact of DFM on the Larger Enterprise
  • Results
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
  • Appendix A Materials Costs
  • Appendix B Component Manufacturing Costs
  • Appendix C Assembly Costs
  • Appendix D Cost Structures
• Chapter 14 Prototyping
  • Understanding Prototypes
    • Types of Prototypes
    • What Are Prototypes Used For?
  • Principles of Prototyping
    • Analytical Prototypes Are Generally More Flexible Than Physical Prototypes
    • Physical Prototypes Are Required to Detect Unanticipated Phenomena
    • A Prototype May Reduce the Risk of Costly Iterations
    • A Prototype May Expedite Other Development Steps
    • A Prototype May Restructure Task Dependencies
  • Prototyping Technologies
    • CAD Modeling and Analysis
    • 3D Printing
  • Planning for Prototypes
    • Step 1: Define the Purpose of the Prototype
    • Step 2: Establish the Level of Approximation of the Prototype
    • Step 3: Outline an Experimental Plan
    • Step 4: Create a Schedule for Procurement, Construction, and Testing
    • Planning Milestone Prototypes
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 15 Robust Design
  • What Is Robust Design?
    • Design of Experiments
    • The Robust Design Process
  • Step 1: Identify Control Factors, Noise Factors, and Performance Metrics
  • Step 2: Formulate an Objective Function
  • Step 3: Develop the Experimental Plan
    • Experimental Designs
    • Testing Noise Factors
  • Step 4: Run the Experiment
  • Step 5: Conduct the Analysis
    • Computing the Objective Function
    • Computing Factor Effects by Analysis of Means
  • Step 6: Select and Confirm Factor Setpoints
  • Step 7: Reflect and Repeat
  • Caveats
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
  • Appendix Orthogonal Arrays
• Chapter 16 Patents and Intellectual Property
  • What Is Intellectual Property?
    • Overview of Patents
    • Utility Patents
    • Preparing a Disclosure
  • Step 1: Formulate a Strategy and Plan
    • Timing of Patent Applications
    • Type of Application
    • Scope of Application
  • Step 2: Study Prior Inventions
  • Step 3: Outline Claims
  • Step 4: Write the Description of the Invention
    • Figures
    • Writing the Detailed Description
    • Defensive Disclosure
  • Step 5: Refine Claims
    • Writing the Claims
    • Guidelines for Crafting Claims
  • Step 6: Pursue Application
  • Step 7: Reflect on the Results and the Process
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
  • Appendix A Trademarks
  • Appendix B Advice to Individual Inventors
• Chapter 17 Service Design
  • Product-Service Systems
  • In What Ways Are Services and Products Different?
  • The Service Design Process
    • The Service Concept
    • Concept Development at Zipcar
    • The Service Process Flow Diagram
    • Subsequent Refinement
  • Downstream Development Activities in Services
    • Prototyping a Service
    • Growing Services
    • Continuous Improvement
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Chapter 18 Product Development Economics
  • Elements of Economic Analysis
    • Quantitative Analysis
    • Qualitative Analysis
    • When Should Economic Analysis Be Performed?
    • Economic Analysis Process
  • Step 1: Build a Base-Case Financial Model
    • Estimate the Timing and Magnitude of Future Cash Inflows and Outflows
    • Compute the Net Present Value of the Cash Flows
    • Other Cash Flows
    • Supporting Go/No-Go and Major Investment Decisions
  • Step 2: Perform Sensitivity Analysis
    • Development Cost Example
    • Development Time Example
    • Understanding Uncertainties
  • Step 3: Use Sensitivity Analysis to Understand Trade-Offs
    • Potential Interactions
    • Trade-Off Rules
    • Limitations of Quantitative Analysis
  • Step 4: Consider the Influence of Qualitative Factors
    • Projects Interact with the Firm, the Market, and the Macro Environment
    • Carrying Out Qualitative Analysis
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
  • Appendix A Time Value of Money and the Net Present Value Technique
  • Appendix B Modeling Uncertain Cash Flows Using Net Present Value Analysis
• Chapter 19 Project Management
  • Understanding and Representing Tasks
    • Sequential, Parallel, and Coupled Tasks
    • The Design Structure Matrix
    • Gantt Charts
    • PERT Charts
    • The Critical Path
  • Baseline Project Planning
    • The Contract Book
    • Project Task List
    • Team Staffing and Organization
    • Project Schedule
    • Project Budget
    • Project Risk Plan
    • Modifying the Baseline Plan
  • Accelerating Projects
  • Project Execution
    • Coordination Mechanisms
    • Assessing Project Status
    • Corrective Actions
  • Postmortem Project Evaluation
  • Summary
  • References and Bibliography
  • Exercises
  • Thought Questions
• Index

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