Lýsing:
Discover more about the fascinating field of forensic and criminal psychology with this widely praised book, ideal for the students who want to understand how psychology relates to criminal justice and the law. Introduction to Forensic and Criminal Psychology, 7th edition is an essential resource for students studying psychology, applied psychology, criminology, and other relevant subjects, providing a clear and comprehensive introduction to this developing discipline.
This market-leading text follows an accessible pedagogical approach, focusing on contextualising theory stemming from extensive, up-to-date research and key empirical findings. It covers major areas in the field, such as profile analysis, lie detecting, mental disorders and crime - among others. It also explores further relevant and significant research studies from the UK and international perspectives and introduces new, contemporary material such as the impact of COVID-19 on crime and police use of force.
The book aims to support your broader understanding of the key concepts surrounding the field, helping you develop your critical thinking skills and challenging group discussion in class. Some of the helpful features introduced in the chapters are 'Key Concepts', 'Forensic Psychology in Action', and 'Controversies', which encourage a deeper understanding of the subject. The Overview section at the beginning of each chapter and the comprehensive list of figures and diagrams further support your learning experience on the extensive research data and theory developed.
Annað
- Höfundur: Dennis Howitt
- Útgáfa:7
- Útgáfudagur: 2022-05-26
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781292295800
- Print ISBN: 9781292295787
- ISBN 10: 1292295805
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover Page
- Title
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Brief contents
- Contents
- List of figures, tables and boxes
- Preface
- Author’s acknowledgements
- 1 What is forensic and criminal psychology?
- Overview
- Introduction
- Researcher-practitioners
- History of forensic and criminal psychology
- Conclusion
- Further reading
- 2 The social context of crime
- Overview
- Introduction
- The extent of crime
- The extent of criminality
- Crime rates compared internationally
- Estimating the amount of crime
- Life-time likelihood of being a crime victim
- Conservative and radical interpretations
- COVID-19 and crime
- International variations in justice systems
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 3 Crime and the public
- Overview
- Introduction
- Knowledge of crime
- What is fear of crime?
- What influences fear of crime?
- Theories of fear of crime
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 4 Victims of crime
- Overview
- Introduction
- Victim‒offender overlap
- Psychology and the victims of crime
- PTSD and the victims of crime
- What leads to a greater likelihood of PTSD?
- PTSD and re-victimisation
- PTSD among offenders
- Post-traumatic anger
- Psychological help for victims
- Victim decision making
- Counterfactual thinking
- Victim resistance to crime
- Restorative justice
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 5 Theories of crime
- Overview
- Introduction
- Neuropsychology of offending
- Intelligence and crime
- Psychoanalysis and crime
- Addiction to crime
- Eysenck’s biosocial theory of crime
- Social learning theory
- The social construction of crime
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 6 Juvenile offenders and beyond
- Overview
- Introduction
- International comparisons
- Adolescents, crime and the family
- Criminogenic factors in childhood
- Continuity of childhood and adult antisocial behaviour
- Biological factors in antisocial behaviour
- Two types of delinquents
- Specific explanations of antisocial behaviour in childhood
- Social interventions to reduce delinquency
- Diversion from the criminal justice system
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 7 Theft and other crimes against property
- Overview
- Introduction
- Illegal downloading
- Shoplifting
- Burglary
- Expertise among criminals
- Arson and pyromania
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 8 Violent offenders
- Overview
- Introduction
- Are violent criminals specialists?
- Alcohol and violent crime
- Anger and its management in violent crime
- Media influences on violent crime
- Theories of homicide
- Domestic violence: forensic issues
- Domestic violence by women against men
- Stalking: what sort of crime?
- Desistance from violent crime
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 9 Sexual offenders 1: rapists
- Overview
- Introduction
- Frequency of rape
- Youthful sex offenders
- Sex offenders as specialists and generalists
- Is rape a sexual orientation?
- Anger and hostility and sex offending
- Patterns in rape
- The nature of rapists
- Rape myths
- Rape myths and policing
- Socio-cultural factors and sexual violence
- More on the theory of rape
- Synthesising explanations of sex offending
- Offence Seriousness Escalation
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 10 Sexual offenders 2: paedophiles and child molestation
- Overview
- Introduction
- Classifications of child molesters
- How common is paedophilia?
- The normal sex lives of paedophiles
- The nature of paedophile offences
- Theories of paedophilia
- Denial and sex offending
- Internet paedophile offenders
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 11 Police psychology
- Overview
- Introduction
- Police culture
- Explaining police bias
- The cognitive interview
- Other types of police interview
- Forensic hypnosis
- Police as eyewitnesses: how accurate are they?
- The police caution
- Use of lethal force
- Stress and other impacts of police work
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 12 Terrorism and hostage-taking incidents
- Overview
- Introduction
- The consequences of terrorism
- The nature of terrorism
- Mental health and personality problem issues and terrorism
- The problem of terrorist risk assessment
- What makes a terrorist?
- Planning terrorist attacks
- The end of terrorist organisations
- Hostage barricade incidents
- Hostage negotiation
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 13 Eyewitness testimony
- Overview
- Introduction
- Eyewitness testimony as a central issue in forensic and criminal psychology
- The accuracy of witness evidence
- Later intrusions into eyewitness memory
- Eyewitness evidence in court
- Improving the validity of the line-up
- The importance of eyewitness evidence research
- Facial composites, age progression and identification
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 14 Profile analysis 1: FBI-style offender profiling
- Overview
- Introduction
- The origins of offender profiling
- The FBI profiling process
- The methodology of the FBI profilers
- Profiling and police investigations
- An example of FBI profiling
- What research says about profiles
- Does profiling work?
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 15 Profile analysis 2: investigative psychology, statistical and geographical profiling
- Overview
- Introduction
- Geographical profiling
- Criminal profiling ’ the research-based approach
- The homology issue and basic theory
- Consistency in offending
- Crime linkage
- Profiling and personality
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 16 False allegations
- Overview
- Introduction
- The police approach to false allegations
- Pathways to false allegations
- The recovered memory/false memory debate
- False claims of abuse and children
- Suggestibility
- The diagnosticity of signs of abuse
- In what ways are genuine allegations different?
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 17 False and true confessions
- Overview
- Introduction
- Methods of inducing confessions
- Police interrogation and false confessions
- Demonstrating different types of false confession
- Distinguishing between true and false confessions
- Consequences of a false confession
- Can evidence of a confession be disregarded in court?
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 18 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 1: the psychology of deception
- Overview
- Introduction
- Ekman’s theory of lie detection
- Are professional lie detectors really no better?
- Reliance on invalid cues to deception
- The quest for lie detection wizards
- Improving lie detection hit rates ‒ cognitive overload
- What offenders say about lying
- Talking more for better lie detection
- Strategic questioning and the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) technique
- Verifiability approach to lie detection
- Wider uses of deception research
- Training in lie detection
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 19 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 2: the polygraph test, statement validity analysis and SCAN
- Overview
- Introduction
- The polygraph
- Problems with the polygraph
- Studies of the validity of polygraphy
- Polygraphy and the post-conviction sex offender
- Alternatives to the polygraph
- Statement validity analysis: criterion-based content analysis and the validity checklist
- The validity of statement validity analysis
- The status of criterion-based content analysis
- Scientific content analysis (SCAN)
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 20 Children as witnesses
- Overview
- Introduction
- What is difficult about forensic interviews with children?
- The ground rules for interviews
- Improving forensic questioning of children
- Interviewing very young children
- The problem of non-compliance with good questioning
- The trade-off of accuracy against completeness
- What do we know about interviewing children?
- Rapport
- Children and lying
- Errors of omission and commission
- Long-term influences of questioning
- Children and line-up identifications
- Facial fit construction
- Interviewers and child witness testimony
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 21 Mental disorders and crime
- Overview
- Introduction
- Mental disorders and the criminal justice system
- Controlling for confounding factors
- Psychosis and criminal violence
- Violence in the mentally ill and national trends
- Confounding by overlapping definitions
- The confounding effects of medication
- The clinical sample problem
- Misclassification of the mentally ill and violence
- Effects of general social trends
- Mental illness and violent crime in community samples
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and crime
- Clinical aspects of violence
- Who among the mentally ill is violent?
- Mental illness and crime in general
- Why should there be greater criminality among the mentally ill?
- Violent victimisation of the mentally ill
- The special issue of psychopaths and crime
- Reconviction and mental illness
- The police and mental illness
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 22 Mental, personality and intellectual problems in court
- Overview
- Introduction
- Competence/capacity/fitness to stand trial
- Psychopaths and mental illness
- Post-traumatic stress disorder as a defence
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 23 Judges and lawyers
- Overview
- Introduction
- The adversarial and inquisitorial types of trial
- Are trial outcomes predictable?
- The presentation of evidence in court
- Underlying narrative of legal arguments
- Other lawyer tactics
- Is expert evidence understood in court?
- Judgements
- Decision making in court
- Theories of judicial decision making
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 24 Juries and decision making
- Overview
- Introduction
- Scientific jury selection and litigation consultation
- Simple improvements to aid jurors
- The effect of jury size and decision rules
- How real juries make decisions
- Non-evidential evidence
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 25 Effective prison
- Overview
- Introduction
- Prison as a therapeutic community
- Violence in prison
- Therapeutic fixes for prison violence
- A quick fix for prison aggression?
- Suicide in prison
- The effectiveness of prison
- ‘Nothing works’
- Prison work works
- The many dimensions of psychology in prison
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 26 Psychological treatments for prisoners and other offenders
- Overview
- Introduction
- Sex offender therapy in prison
- Does treatment work?
- Treating violent criminals
- The Aggression Training Programme (ART)
- Other treatments for violent offending
- Anger and violence
- Manualisation
- The high-risk offender problem
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- 27 Risk, recidivism and desistance
- Overview
- Introduction
- Risk assessment
- Just what are dynamic risk factors?
- What does research say about risk factors?
- Clinical judgement versus statistical assessment
- Some structured clinical methods
- Predictors may be specific rather than general
- Statistical or actuarial prediction
- Predictive factors
- Issues in the assessment of risk and dangerousness
- Offence paralleling behaviour
- Protective factors in risk assessment
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- Glossary
- References
- Name Index
- Subject Index
- Publisher’s acknowledgements
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