Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Brief contents
• Contents
• List of figures, tables and boxes
• Preface
• Author’s acknowledgements
• 1 What is forensic and criminal psychology?
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Researcher-practitioners
  • History of forensic and criminal psychology
  • Conclusion
  • Further reading
• 2 The social context of crime
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • The extent of crime
  • The extent of criminality
  • Crime rates compared internationally
  • Estimating the amount of crime
  • Life-time likelihood of being a crime victim
  • Conservative and radical interpretations
  • COVID-19 and crime
  • International variations in justice systems
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 3 Crime and the public
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Knowledge of crime
  • What is fear of crime?
  • What influences fear of crime?
  • Theories of fear of crime
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 4 Victims of crime
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Victim‒offender overlap
  • Psychology and the victims of crime
  • PTSD and the victims of crime
  • What leads to a greater likelihood of PTSD?
  • PTSD and re-victimisation
  • PTSD among offenders
  • Post-traumatic anger
  • Psychological help for victims
  • Victim decision making
  • Counterfactual thinking
  • Victim resistance to crime
  • Restorative justice
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 5 Theories of crime
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Neuropsychology of offending
  • Intelligence and crime
  • Psychoanalysis and crime
  • Addiction to crime
  • Eysenck’s biosocial theory of crime
  • Social learning theory
  • The social construction of crime
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 6 Juvenile offenders and beyond
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • International comparisons
  • Adolescents, crime and the family
  • Criminogenic factors in childhood
  • Continuity of childhood and adult antisocial behaviour
  • Biological factors in antisocial behaviour
  • Two types of delinquents
  • Specific explanations of antisocial behaviour in childhood
  • Social interventions to reduce delinquency
  • Diversion from the criminal justice system
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 7 Theft and other crimes against property
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Illegal downloading
  • Shoplifting
  • Burglary
  • Expertise among criminals
  • Arson and pyromania
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 8 Violent offenders
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Are violent criminals specialists?
  • Alcohol and violent crime
  • Anger and its management in violent crime
  • Media influences on violent crime
  • Theories of homicide
  • Domestic violence: forensic issues
  • Domestic violence by women against men
  • Stalking: what sort of crime?
  • Desistance from violent crime
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 9 Sexual offenders 1: rapists
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Frequency of rape
  • Youthful sex offenders
  • Sex offenders as specialists and generalists
  • Is rape a sexual orientation?
  • Anger and hostility and sex offending
  • Patterns in rape
  • The nature of rapists
  • Rape myths
  • Rape myths and policing
  • Socio-cultural factors and sexual violence
  • More on the theory of rape
  • Synthesising explanations of sex offending
  • Offence Seriousness Escalation
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 10 Sexual offenders 2: paedophiles and child molestation
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Classifications of child molesters
  • How common is paedophilia?
  • The normal sex lives of paedophiles
  • The nature of paedophile offences
  • Theories of paedophilia
  • Denial and sex offending
  • Internet paedophile offenders
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 11 Police psychology
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Police culture
  • Explaining police bias
  • The cognitive interview
  • Other types of police interview
  • Forensic hypnosis
  • Police as eyewitnesses: how accurate are they?
  • The police caution
  • Use of lethal force
  • Stress and other impacts of police work
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 12 Terrorism and hostage-taking incidents
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • The consequences of terrorism
  • The nature of terrorism
  • Mental health and personality problem issues and terrorism
  • The problem of terrorist risk assessment
  • What makes a terrorist?
  • Planning terrorist attacks
  • The end of terrorist organisations
  • Hostage barricade incidents
  • Hostage negotiation
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 13 Eyewitness testimony
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Eyewitness testimony as a central issue in forensic and criminal psychology
  • The accuracy of witness evidence
  • Later intrusions into eyewitness memory
  • Eyewitness evidence in court
  • Improving the validity of the line-up
  • The importance of eyewitness evidence research
  • Facial composites, age progression and identification
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 14 Profile analysis 1: FBI-style offender profiling
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • The origins of offender profiling
  • The FBI profiling process
  • The methodology of the FBI profilers
  • Profiling and police investigations
  • An example of FBI profiling
  • What research says about profiles
  • Does profiling work?
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 15 Profile analysis 2: investigative psychology, statistical and geographical profiling
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Geographical profiling
  • Criminal profiling ’ the research-based approach
  • The homology issue and basic theory
  • Consistency in offending
  • Crime linkage
  • Profiling and personality
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 16 False allegations
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • The police approach to false allegations
  • Pathways to false allegations
  • The recovered memory/false memory debate
  • False claims of abuse and children
  • Suggestibility
  • The diagnosticity of signs of abuse
  • In what ways are genuine allegations different?
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 17 False and true confessions
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Methods of inducing confessions
  • Police interrogation and false confessions
  • Demonstrating different types of false confession
  • Distinguishing between true and false confessions
  • Consequences of a false confession
  • Can evidence of a confession be disregarded in court?
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 18 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 1: the psychology of deception
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Ekman’s theory of lie detection
  • Are professional lie detectors really no better?
  • Reliance on invalid cues to deception
  • The quest for lie detection wizards
  • Improving lie detection hit rates ‒ cognitive overload
  • What offenders say about lying
  • Talking more for better lie detection
  • Strategic questioning and the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) technique
  • Verifiability approach to lie detection
  • Wider uses of deception research
  • Training in lie detection
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 19 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 2: the polygraph test, statement validity analysis and SCAN
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • The polygraph
  • Problems with the polygraph
  • Studies of the validity of polygraphy
  • Polygraphy and the post-conviction sex offender
  • Alternatives to the polygraph
  • Statement validity analysis: criterion-based content analysis and the validity checklist
  • The validity of statement validity analysis
  • The status of criterion-based content analysis
  • Scientific content analysis (SCAN)
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 20 Children as witnesses
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • What is difficult about forensic interviews with children?
  • The ground rules for interviews
  • Improving forensic questioning of children
  • Interviewing very young children
  • The problem of non-compliance with good questioning
  • The trade-off of accuracy against completeness
  • What do we know about interviewing children?
  • Rapport
  • Children and lying
  • Errors of omission and commission
  • Long-term influences of questioning
  • Children and line-up identifications
  • Facial fit construction
  • Interviewers and child witness testimony
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 21 Mental disorders and crime
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Mental disorders and the criminal justice system
  • Controlling for confounding factors
  • Psychosis and criminal violence
  • Violence in the mentally ill and national trends
  • Confounding by overlapping definitions
  • The confounding effects of medication
  • The clinical sample problem
  • Misclassification of the mentally ill and violence
  • Effects of general social trends
  • Mental illness and violent crime in community samples
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder and crime
  • Clinical aspects of violence
  • Who among the mentally ill is violent?
  • Mental illness and crime in general
  • Why should there be greater criminality among the mentally ill?
  • Violent victimisation of the mentally ill
  • The special issue of psychopaths and crime
  • Reconviction and mental illness
  • The police and mental illness
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 22 Mental, personality and intellectual problems in court
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Competence/capacity/fitness to stand trial
  • Psychopaths and mental illness
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder as a defence
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 23 Judges and lawyers
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • The adversarial and inquisitorial types of trial
  • Are trial outcomes predictable?
  • The presentation of evidence in court
  • Underlying narrative of legal arguments
  • Other lawyer tactics
  • Is expert evidence understood in court?
  • Judgements
  • Decision making in court
  • Theories of judicial decision making
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 24 Juries and decision making
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Scientific jury selection and litigation consultation
  • Simple improvements to aid jurors
  • The effect of jury size and decision rules
  • How real juries make decisions
  • Non-evidential evidence
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 25 Effective prison
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Prison as a therapeutic community
  • Violence in prison
  • Therapeutic fixes for prison violence
  • A quick fix for prison aggression?
  • Suicide in prison
  • The effectiveness of prison
  • ‘Nothing works’
  • Prison work works
  • The many dimensions of psychology in prison
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 26 Psychological treatments for prisoners and other offenders
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Sex offender therapy in prison
  • Does treatment work?
  • Treating violent criminals
  • The Aggression Training Programme (ART)
  • Other treatments for violent offending
  • Anger and violence
  • Manualisation
  • The high-risk offender problem
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• 27 Risk, recidivism and desistance
  • Overview
  • Introduction
  • Risk assessment
  • Just what are dynamic risk factors?
  • What does research say about risk factors?
  • Clinical judgement versus statistical assessment
  • Some structured clinical methods
  • Predictors may be specific rather than general
  • Statistical or actuarial prediction
  • Predictive factors
  • Issues in the assessment of risk and dangerousness
  • Offence paralleling behaviour
  • Protective factors in risk assessment
  • Conclusions
  • Further reading
• Glossary
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index
• Publisher’s acknowledgements

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