International Sales Law
Lýsing:
This is the third edition of the casebook providing an article-by-article analysis of the CISG Convention. Offering a fully updated range of materials, this casebook is an excellent starting point for learning about the Convention and will be particularly useful for international trade lawyers, practitioners and students. The commentary on each article is accompanied by extracts from cases and associated comparative materials, as well as references to important trade usages such as the INCOTERMS® 2010.
The book features an updated selection of the most significant cases, each of which has been abridged to enable the reader to focus on its essential features and the relevant questions arising from it. The case extracts are accompanied by a comprehensive overview of parallel provisions in other international instruments, uniform projects and domestic laws. The analyses, cases, texts and questions are intended to aid readers in their comparative law and international sales law studies.
They are designed to draw attention to the particular issues surrounding specific CISG provisions and to provoke careful consideration of possible solutions. The book is a reference work as well as an introduction to the individual problem areas. In particular, it acts as a preparatory work for the Willem C Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot. Sample questions and answers are also included, which make it particularly helpful for self-study purposes.
Annað
- Höfundar: Ingeborg Schwenzer, Christiana Fountoulakis, Mariel Dimsey
- Útgáfa:3
- Útgáfudagur: 2019-04-18
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781509919642
- Print ISBN: 9781509919628
- ISBN 10: 1509919643
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover
- Title Page
- Preface
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Contents
- List of Abbreviations
- Table of Cases
- Introduction
- Article 1 CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Autonomous Application of the CISG (Arts 1(1)(a), (2) and (3) CISG)
- A. Contracting States
- B. Place of Business in Different States
- C. Contracts for the Sale of Goods
- III. Applicability of the CISG in Private International Law (Article 1(1)(b) CISG)
- A. Operation
- B. The Reservation in Article 95 CISG
- IV. Applicability of the CISG through the Parties’ Choice of Law
- V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- A. UNIDROIT Principles
- B. Principles of European Contract Law (PECL)
- I. Overview
- II. Article 2(a) CISG
- A. Purpose of Excluding Consumer Contracts
- B. Exception to the General Rule in Article 2(a) CISG
- C. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- III. Article 2(b) to (f) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. The Definition of ‘Goods’
- III. Goods to be Manufactured or Produced (Article 3(1) CISG)
- IV. Supply of Labour or Other Services (Article 3(2) CISG)
- I. Overview
- II. Matters of Validity (Article 4(a) CISG)
- A. Operation of Article 4(a) CISG
- B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- III. Matters of Property (Article 4(b) CISG)
- I. Overview
- II. Opting-out of the CISG
- III. Derogation from or Modification of the CISG
- IV. Opting-in to the CISG
- V. Comparison with the PICC 2016
- I. Overview
- II. Article 7(1) CISG
- A. International Character and Uniform Application
- (a) Autonomous Interpretation
- (b) Persuasive Precedents
- (c) The CISG Advisory Council and the UNCITRAL Digest
- (d) Towards a Uniform Interpretative Approach
- B. The Principle of Good Faith
- (a) ‘Good Faith’ under the CISG
- (b) ‘Good Faith’ in Other Legal Systems
- A. International Character and Uniform Application
- A. Primacy of ‘General Principles’ when Filling Gaps under the CISG
- B. Important General Principles
- I. Overview
- II. Article 8(1) CISG
- III. Article 8(2) and (3) CISG
- IV. Interpretation of One Party’s General Conditions
- V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- VI. Applicability of Other Rules of Interpretation and Evidence
- A. Introduction
- B. Plain Meaning Rule
- (a) Operation of the Plain Meaning Rule
- (b) Comparison with PICC 2016
- C. Parol Evidence Rule
- D. Merger Clauses
- (a) Under the CISG
- (b) Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Article 9(1) CISG
- A. Usages to which the Parties have Agreed
- B. Practices Established between the Parties
- III. Article 9(2) CISG
- A. International Usages Regularly Observed in the Trade Concerned
- B. Particular Aspects
- (a) Letter of Confirmation
- (i) Under the CISG
- (ii) Under the PICC 2016
- (b) Trade Terms and Other Sets of Rules
- (a) Letter of Confirmation
- I. Overview
- II. Article 10(a) CISG
- III. Article 10(b) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Principle of Freedom from Form Requirements
- III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 12 CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Modern Interpretation of Article 13 CISG
- III. Impact on Article 12 CISG
- IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 14 CISG
- B. Drafting History
- II. Article 14(1) CISG
- A. Definite Proposal
- B. Intention to be Bound
- C. Relationship between Article 14(1) and Article 55 CISG
- III. Article 14(2) CISG
- IV. Incorporation of Standard Terms
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 15 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. Drafting History
- II. Operation of Article 15 CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 16 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- (a) Anglo-American Law
- (b) Civil Legal Systems
- C. Drafting History
- II. Article 16(1) CISG
- III. Article 16(2)(a) CISG
- IV. Article 16(2)(b) CISG and Promissory Estoppel
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 18 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- II. Article 18(1) CISG: Acceptance by Conduct/Silence
- A. Acceptance by Conduct
- B. Silence or Inactivity as Acceptance
- III. Article 18(2) CISG
- IV. Article 18(3) CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 19 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. Drafting History
- II. Article 19(1) CISG
- III. Article 19(2) CISG
- IV. Article 19(3) CISG
- V. Battle of the Forms
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 21 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- II. Article 21(1) CISG
- III. Article 21(2) CISG
- Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 23 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 24 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. Drafting History
- II. Article 24 CISG in the Age of Electronic Communication
- Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 25 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. Drafting History
- Overview
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 27 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. International Principles
- II. Article 27 CISG and Instantaneous Communication
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 28 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- (a) Continental European Legal Systems
- (b) Common Law Legal Systems
- C. Drafting History
- D. International Principles
- II. Situations of Applicability of Article 28 CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 29 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. Drafting History
- II. Article 29(1) CISG
- III. Article 29(2) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. The Seller’s Obligations in Detail
- A. ‘Delivery’ of the Goods
- B. ‘Handing over’ Documents
- C. ‘Transfer of Property’ in the Goods
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 31 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- (a) Carriage of the Goods
- (b) Delivery by Placing Goods at Buyer’s Disposal
- I. Overview
- II. Article 32(1) CISG
- III. Article 32(2) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Article 33(a) CISG
- III. Article 33(b) CISG
- IV. Article 33(c) CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 34 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. Drafting History
- II. Time, Place and Form of Handing over Documents
- III. Seller’s Right to Cure
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 35 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. Drafting History
- II. Article 35(1) CISG
- A. General
- B. Peius and Aliud
- III. Article 35(2) CISG
- A. Article 35(2)(a) CISG
- (a) Ordinary Use
- (b) ‘Average Quality’, ‘Merchantable Quality’, ‘Merchantability’
- (c) Public Law Requirements
- B. Article 35(2)(b) CISG—‘Fitness for a Particular Purpose’
- C. Article 35(2)(c) CISG: Sale by Sample or Model
- D. Article 35(2)(d) CISG: Packaging
- A. Article 35(2)(a) CISG
- IV. Article 35(3) CISG
- V. Burden of Proof and Evidence of Lack of Conformity
- VI. Concurring Remedies
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 36 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- II. Operation of Article 36 CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Articles 38 and 39 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- (a) Civil Law Legal Systems
- (b) Anglo-American Legal Systems
- C. Drafting History
- II. Examination of the Goods
- A. Period for Examination
- B. Manner of Examination
- C. Postponement of Examination
- III. Reasonable Period of Time under Article 39 CISG
- IV. Specificity of Notice
- V. Form of Notice
- VI. Article 39(2) CISG Time Limit
- VII. Application of Articles 38 and 39 CISG by Analogy?
- VIII. CISG Advisory Council
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 40 CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 41 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- II. Operation of Article 41 CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 42 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- II. Mere Claims
- III. Territorial Limitations
- IV. Knowledge of the Seller
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 44 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. Drafting History
- II. Operation of Article 44 CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Article 45(1) CISG
- III. Article 45(2) CISG
- IV. Article 45(3) CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 46 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- II. Performance of the Contract—Article 46(1) CISG
- III. Claim to Substitute Delivery—Article 46(2) CISG
- IV. Repair—Article 46(3) CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 47 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- II. Operation of Article 47 CISG
- A. Necessity of a Nachfrist
- B. Additional Period of Reasonable Length
- C. Effect of Setting an Additional Period of Time
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 48 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. International Principles
- II. Article 48(1) CISG
- A. ‘Subject to Article 49’
- B. Reasonableness
- III. Article 48(2), (3) CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 49 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- (a) Continental Legal Systems
- (b) The Approach under English Law
- (c) The Approach under US Law
- (d) Modern Solutions and International Principles
- C. Drafting History
- II. Avoidance for Fundamental Breach—Article 49(1)(a) CISG
- A. Operation of Article 49(1)(a) CISG
- B. Non-conforming Goods
- (a) Express Stipulations
- (b) Purpose for which Goods are Bought
- (c) Possibility of Repair or Replacement
- C. Non-conforming Documents
- D. Late Delivery
- III. Avoidance after Additional Period of Time—Article 49(1)(b) CISG
- IV. Buyer’s Observance of Time Limits—Article 49(2) CISG
- I. Overview
- A. Content and Purpose of Article 50 CISG
- B. Domestic Laws
- C. International Principles
- D. Drafting History
- II. Requirements for a Reduction of the Price
- III. Calculation of Price Reduction
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 51 CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Early Delivery—Article 52(1) CISG
- III. Delivery of Excess Quantity
- I. Overview
- II. Parties’ Agreement Prevails
- III. Currency of Payment
- A. Under the CISG
- B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. ‘Obligation de moyen’ or ‘obligation de résultat’?
- I. Overview
- II. Interaction between Articles 14 and 55 CISG
- III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Article 57(1)(a) CISG
- III. Article 57(1)(b) CISG
- IV. Article 57(1) CISG as a General Principle Valid for Other Monetary Claims
- V. Means of Payment
- VI. Article 57(1) CISG and Determination of Jurisdictional Competence
- VII. Article 57(2) CISG
- VIII. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Article 58(1) CISG
- III. Article 58(2) CISG
- A. Operation
- B. Article 58(2) CISG—a General Principle of Retention?
- IV. Article 58(3) CISG
- V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Determining when Payment Becomes Due
- I. Overview
- II. Article 60(a) CISG
- A. Buyer’s Involvement in the Delivery of the Goods
- B. Article 60(a) CISG—A General Principle of Cooperation
- III. Article 60(b) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Article 61(1) CISG
- III. Article 61(2) CISG
- IV. Article 61(3) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Restrictions on Seller’s Right to Payment and (Other) Specific Performance
- III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Article 63(1) CISG
- III. Article 63(2) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Article 64(1) CISG
- III. Article 64(1)(b) CISG
- IV. Article 64(2) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Article 65(1) CISG
- III. Article 65(2) CISG
- IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview of Chapter IV
- II. Article 66 CISG
- III. Parties’ Agreement on Passing of Risk
- A. In General
- B. In Particular: INCOTERMS®
- C. Interpretation of Contract Terms with regard to Risk Allocation
- D. Usages in International Trade and Practices Established between the Parties
- I. Overview
- II. Handing Over to the First Carrier (Article 67(1) CISG)
- A. Article 67(1), Sentence 1 CISG
- B. Interpretation of Contract Terms with Regard to Risk Allocation
- C. Particular Place (Article 67(1), Sentence 2 CISG)
- D. Documents Controlling the Disposition of the Goods (Article 67(1), Sentence 3 CISG)
- III. Identification of the Goods (Article 67(2) CISG)
- IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Passing of Risk at the Moment of the Conclusion of the Contract
- III. Retroactive Allocation of the Risk
- IV. Article 68, Sentence 3 CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Article 69(1) CISG
- III. Article 69(2) CISG
- IV. Article 69(3) CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 70 CISG
- I. Overview of Articles 71 to 73: Anticipatory Breach and Instalment Contracts
- II. Preliminary Remedy (Article 71 CISG)
- III. Right of Suspension (Article 71(1) CISG)
- A. Serious Deficiency in the Ability to Perform or in Creditworthiness (Article 71(1)(a) CISG)
- B. Conduct in Performing or in Preparing to Perform the Contract (Article 71(1)(b) CISG)
- IV. Right of Stoppage in Transit (Article 71(2) CISG)
- V. Notice Requirement: Providing Assurance (Article 71(3) CISG)
- A. Giving Immediate Notice
- B. Providing Adequate Assurance
- VI. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Right to Avoid the Contract (Article 72(1) CISG)
- III. Notice Requirement (Article 72(2) CISG)
- IV. Refusal to Perform (Article 72(3) CISG)
- V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Definition of ‘Instalment Contract’
- III. Fundamental Breach in respect of One Instalment (Article 73(1) CISG)
- IV. Good Grounds for Future Fundamental Breach (Article 73(2) CISG)
- V. Avoidance of Past or Future Instalments due to their Interdependence (Article 73(3) CISG)
- VI. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview of Articles 74 to 77 and 79 CISG
- II. Article 74, sentence 1 CISG
- A. Operation of Article 74, sentence 1 CISG
- B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- III. Types of Losses
- A. General Categorisations
- B. The Principle of ‘Full Compensation’ under the CISG
- C. Non-performance Loss
- D. Incidental Loss
- (a) In General
- (b) Special Cases
- (i) Expenditure for Debt Collection and Costs of Legal Proceedings
- (ii) Currency Devaluation
- E. Consequential Damages
- (a) Loss of Profit
- (b) Liability towards Third Parties; Loss of Reputation
- (c) Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- A. Operation of Article 74, sentence 2 CISG
- B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 75 CISG
- A. Avoidance of the Contract
- B. Reasonableness of the Cover Transaction
- III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- IV. CISG Advisory Council
- I. Overview
- II. Article 76(1), sentence 1 CISG
- A. Avoidance of the Contract
- B. Current Market Price at the Time of Avoidance of the Contract
- III. Article 76(1), sentence 2 CISG
- IV. Article 76(2) CISG
- V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- VI. CISG Advisory Council
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 77 CISG
- III. Extent of Reduction of Damages
- IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. History
- III. Operation of Article 78 CISG
- A. Scope of Application
- B. Prerequisites
- (a) Due Date
- (b) No Requirement for Formal Notice of Default
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 79 CISG
- III. Article 79(1) CISG
- A. Impediment Beyond the Party’s Control
- B. Unforeseeability
- C. Avoiding or Overcoming the Impediment
- D. Practical Use
- E. Liability for Third Persons
- IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- V. Hardship
- VI. Article 79(2) CISG
- VII. CISG Advisory Council
- I. Overview
- II. Article 80 CISG in Detail
- III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. The Principle (Article 81(1) CISG)
- A. Claims for Damages
- B. Provisions for the Settlement of Disputes
- C. Other Provisions of the Contract
- III. Duty to make Restitution (Article 81(2) CISG)
- I. Overview
- II. The Principle: No Avoidance where Restitution has become Impossible (Article 82(1) CISG)
- III. The Three Exceptions (Article 82(2) CISG)
- IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
- I. Overview
- II. Duty to Pay Interest (Article 84(1) CISG)
- III. Accounting for Benefits (Article 84(2) CISG)
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 85 CISG
- I. Overview
- II. Buyer’s Duty to Preserve the Goods (Article 86(1) CISG)
- III. Buyer’s Duty to Take Possession of the Goods (Article 86(2) CISG)
- I. Overview
- II. Operation of Article 87 CISG
- A. Requirements
- B. Consequences
- I. Overview
- II. Right to Resell the Goods (Article 88(1) CISG)
- III. Duty to Resell the Goods (Article 88(2) CISG)
- IV. Right to Retain Amount for Preservation and Resale Costs (Article 88(3) CISG)
- V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions
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