Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Table of Cases
• Table of Legislation
• List of Abbreviations
• 1. Law and force
  • Identification of the Law
  • Effectiveness of the Prohibition of the Use of Force
• 2. The prohibition of the use of force
  • Humanitarian Intervention
  • Kosovo: A New Role for NATO
    • Legality of Use of Force: the case before the International Court of Justice
    • The subsequent debate
  • Responsibility to Protect?
    • Darfur
    • Libya
    • Côte d’Ivoire (2011)
  • Right of Pro-Democratic Intervention
  • Force and Self-Determination
  • Other Claims Under Article 2(4)
• 3. Invitation and intervention
  • The Nicaragua Case
  • Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (DRC v Uganda)
  • The Right of a Government to Invite Outside Intervention
    • Classification of conflicts
    • Invitation by governments in practice
  • Intervention in Response to Prior Foreign Intervention
  • The Identification of the Government Entitled to Invite Intervention
  • Forcible Intervention to Assist the Opposition
    • Syria
  • Conclusion
• 4. Self-defence: the framework
  • Introduction
  • The Academic Debate
  • The Role of the Security Council
    • The duty to report to the Security Council
    • Self-defence as a temporary right
    • Security Council measures and self-defence
  • The Scope of Self-Defence
    • Armed attack
    • Criticism of the distinction between armed attack and frontier incident
    • Arguments for the distinction between armed attack and frontier incident
    • Necessity and proportionality
    • Protection of nationals
    • Anticipatory self-defence before the ‘Bush doctrine’
  • Conclusion
  • Collective Self-Defence
  • The Nicaragua Case
    • State practice on collective self-defence
    • The requirement of a request
    • Third state interest?
    • The duty to report to the Security Council under Article 51
  • Iraq and the Complexities of Collective Self-Defence
  • Conclusion
• 5. The use of force against terrorism: a new war for a new century?
  • Pre-9/11 Practice
  • The Impact of 9/11
    • The concept of armed attack after 9/11
  • Subsequent Practice
    • Israel, Syria, and Lebanon 2001–6
    • Israel/Lebanon 2006
    • Gaza (2008–9, 2012, 2014)
    • Other conflicts
  • Necessity and Proportionality
    • Israel in Lebanon and Gaza
    • Operation Enduring Freedom
  • Targeted Killing
  • Syria
  • The Bush Doctrine of Pre-Emptive Self-Defence
  • Iraq and Pre-Emptive Self-Defence
  • The Next Steps: Iran and North Korea
    • North Korea
    • Iran
• 6. The UN and the use of force
  • The UN in the Cold War
    • Chapter VII action
    • The division of powers between the Security Council and the General Assembly
    • Peacekeeping during the Cold War
  • A New Legal Order? Chapter VII After the Cold War
  • Article 41: Transformation
  • Peacekeeping After the Cold War
    • The end of Cold War conflicts
    • The start of new conflicts
    • Peacekeeping in Africa
  • Peacekeeping and Enforcement Action
    • Yugoslavia
    • Somalia
    • Contemporaneous peacekeeping and enforcement operations
  • Rwanda
  • Reform of UN Peacekeeping
  • The Relation of UN Peacekeeping and Chapter VII
    • Consent to peacekeeping
    • The use of force by peacekeeping operations: self-defence
    • The use of force by peacekeeping operations: beyond self-defence
    • Protection of civilians
  • A Transformation in Peacekeeping?
    • DRC
    • Mali
  • Conclusion
• 7. Security Council authorization of member states to use force
  • Express Authorization
    • Haiti
    • Rwanda
    • Albania
    • The CAR and Chad
    • East Timor
    • The need for control of member state operations
    • Member state operations in Africa: Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, and the DRC
    • Kosovo
    • Afghanistan
    • The multinational force in Iraq (2003)
  • Implied (or Revived) Authorization to Use Force
    • Iraq 1991–2002
    • The 1999 Kosovo operation
    • Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003)
  • Libya (2011)
  • Mali
  • Conclusion
• 8. Regional peacekeeping and enforcement action
  • Introduction
  • Cooperation Between the UN and Regional Organizations
    • Cooperation between the UN and the AU
  • AU Operations
    • The AU in Somalia: AMISOM
    • The AU in Darfur: AMIS and UNAMID
    • The AU in Mali: AFISMA
    • The AU in the CAR: MISCA
  • ‘Regional Arrangements and Agencies’
  • The Constitutional Bases for Regional Peacekeeping
  • The Legality of Regional Action in Terms of the UN Charter and General International Law
    • ECOWAS action in Liberia (1990–7)
    • The former USSR
    • ECOWAS action in Sierra Leone
  • A Reinterpretation of Article 53 of the UN Charter?
    • A regional right to use force to restore democratic government?
  • Conclusion
• Index

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