Efnisyfirlit

• Half-title
• Title page
• Copyright information
• Brief Contents
• Detailed Contents
• Figures
• Tables
• Preface
• Introduction
• 1 The Basics
  • 1.1 The Standard Behavioral Model of Economics - and a Few Modifications Made by New Institutional E
    • 1.1.1 From Perfect to Bounded Rationality
    • 1.1.2 Transaction Costs
  • 1.2 Institutions: Functions, Types, and Interrelationships
    • 1.2.1 Definitions of Institutions
      • 1.2.1.1 Characteristics of Rules
      • 1.2.1.2 Types of Enforcement
    • 1.2.2 Interactions between Internal and External Institutions
  • 1.3 Research Questions
  • 1.4 The Toolkit of Institutional Economists
    • 1.4.1 Game Theory: A Tool for Analyzing Strategic Interaction Situations
      • 1.4.1.1 A Coordination Game
      • 1.4.1.2 A Mixed-Motive Game: The Prisoner's Dilemma
    • 1.4.2 Comparative Institutional Analysis
    • 1.4.3 Experiments in the Laboratory or the Field
    • 1.4.4 Case Studies Including Economic History
    • 1.4.5 Econometric Tests
  • 1.5 NIE's Common Ground with and Differences from Other Research Programs
  • 1.6 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
• 2 Simple Transactions
  • 2.1 The Relevance of External Institutions for Simple Transactions
    • 2.1.1 The Coase Theorem
  • 2.2 The Relevance of Internal Institutions for Simple Transactions
    • 2.2.1 Example 1: Norms of Cooperation and the Ultimatum Game
    • 2.2.2 Example 2: Fairness Notions and Price Formation
  • 2.3 The Relevance of Interplay between External and Internal Institutions for Simple Transactions
    • 2.3.1 Conflicting External and Internal Institutions
    • 2.3.2 Complementary External and Internal Institutions
    • 2.3.3 Substitutive Relationship between External and Internal Institutions
    • 2.3.4 Empirical Results on the Relationship between External and Internal Institutions
  • 2.4 On the Estimation of Transaction Costs
    • 2.4.1 Estimations of the Size of the Informal Sector
  • 2.5 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
• 3 Repeated and Long-Term Transactions: On the Choice of Governance Structures with Given Institution
  • 3.1 Introductory Remarks
  • 3.2 From a Black Box to the Firm as a Team
  • 3.3 Problems Associated with Asymmetric Information: The Principal-Agent Theory
  • 3.4 Transaction Cost Economics
  • 3.5 The Firm as a Collection of Assets
  • 3.6 The Relevance of Internal Institutions
    • 3.6.1 Example 1: Corporate Culture: On the Coordination of Interaction Situations within Firms
    • 3.6.2 Example 2: On the Relevance of Reciprocity in Labor Relations
  • 3.7 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
• 4 Institutions and Collective Action
  • 4.1 Introductory Remarks
  • 4.2 Explaining Politicians' Behavior Under Given Institutions
    • 4.2.1 Preliminary Remarks
    • 4.2.2 Example 1: Rent Seeking
    • 4.2.3 Example 2: Political Business Cycles
    • 4.2.4 The Dilemma of the Strong State
  • 4.3 Explaining Collective Action Using Internal Institutions
    • 4.3.1 From Non-Repeated to Repeated Games
    • 4.3.2 Evidence from the Laboratory
  • 4.4 The Interplay between External and Internal Institutions and its Relevance for Collective Action
  • 4.5 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
• 5 The Relevance of Institutions for Growth and Development
  • 5.1 Introductory Remarks
  • 5.2 Determinants of Economic Growth: Institutions, Geography, Culture?
    • 5.2.1 Institutions
    • 5.2.2 Geography
    • 5.2.3 Culture
  • 5.3 The Relevance of External Institutions for Economic Growth and Development
    • 5.3.1 How to Measure External Institutions
    • 5.3.2 Early Attempts to Measure External Institutions
    • 5.3.3 One Measurement Attempt in Detail
      • 5.3.3.1 Preliminary Remarks
      • 5.3.3.2 The Economic Freedom Index
        • Size of Government
        • Legal System and Property Rights
        • Sound Money
        • Freedom to Trade Internationally
        • Extent of Regulation in Banking, Labor, and Business
        • Method of Evaluation
      • 5.3.3.3 Criticisms of the Economic Freedom Index
    • 5.3.4 Results of Empirical Studies
    • 5.3.5 Institutions or Policies?
  • 5.4 The Relevance of Internal Institutions for Economic Growth and Development
  • 5.5 On the Interplay between External and Internal Institutions and its Relevance for Economic Growt
  • 5.6 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
  • Appendix A Ten-Minute Primer in Econometrics
• 6 Explaining Differences in External Institutions across Societies
  • 6.1 Introductory Remarks
  • 6.2 Origins and Change of Property Rights: A Traditional View
  • 6.3 Origins of and Change in Property Rights and the State: Accounting for Political Economy Factors
  • 6.4 Explaining Differences in Institutions
    • 6.4.1 Preliminary Remarks
    • 6.4.2 Explaining External Institutions Based on Geography
    • 6.4.3 Explaining External Institutions Based on Culture or History
    • 6.4.4 Explaining External Institutions Based on Social Conflict View
  • 6.5 Institutional Change via Institutional Competition?
  • 6.6 Elements of a General Theory
    • 6.6.1 Preliminary Remarks
    • 6.6.2 Satisficing Behavior
    • 6.6.3 Collective Action Problems
    • 6.6.4 Path Dependency of Institutional Change
    • 6.6.5 Political Transaction Costs
    • 6.6.6 The Relative Power of the Relevant Actors
    • 6.6.7 The Relevance of Internal Institutions
    • 6.6.8 A Short Summary
  • 6.7 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
• 7 Explaining Change in Internal Institutions
  • 7.1 Introductory Remarks
  • 7.2 The Problem in Economic Terms
  • 7.3 Hypotheses on the Origins of Norms
    • 7.3.1 Evolutionary Approaches
    • 7.3.2 Repetition or Reputation as Explanatory Factor?
    • 7.3.3 An Attempted Synthesis
      • 7.3.3.1 Regular Behavior
      • 7.3.3.2 Interdependent Utility Functions
      • 7.3.3.3 Norms of Cooperation
      • 7.3.3.4 Concerning the Sanctioning Component
      • 7.3.3.5 Outlook
  • 7.4 Potential Triggers for Change in Internal Institutions
    • 7.4.1 Introductory Remarks
    • 7.4.2 Geography Again
    • 7.4.3 External Institutions
  • 7.5 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
• 8 On the Need for Normative Theory
  • 8.1 Introductory Remarks
  • 8.2 What is Normative Theory and Why Should We Study It?
  • 8.3 Two Competing Normative Concepts
    • 8.3.1 The Welfare Theoretical Approach
    • 8.3.2 Hypothetical Consent: A Heuristic to Derive Normative Statements
    • 8.3.3 Some Critical Comments on the Unanimity Test
  • 8.4 Requirements for a Normative Theory from the Perspective of Institutional Economics
    • 8.4.1 The Approach of Williamson
    • 8.4.2 The Approach of Hayek
    • 8.4.3 Consequences of the Two Approaches
  • 8.5 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
• 9 Consequences for Economic Policy
  • 9.1 Introductory Remarks
  • 9.2 Policy Recommendations: The Traditional - Naïve - Approach
  • 9.3 Activation of Internal Institutions through Government Action?
    • 9.3.1 A Specific Example: Voluntary Commitment Declarations
  • 9.4 Policy Reforms in Practice: Case Study of New Zealand
    • 9.4.1 The Initial Situation in New Zealand
    • 9.4.2 Overview of the Most Important Reforms
    • 9.4.3 Explaining the Reforms
      • 9.4.3.1 Underlying Theories
      • 9.4.3.2 Persons Involved
      • 9.4.3.3 Behavior-Channeling Institutions, Relevant Organizations
      • 9.4.3.4 Favorable Circumstances
  • 9.5 Open Questions
    • Questions
  • Further Reading
• 10 Outlook
  • 10.1 Introductory Remarks
  • 10.2 Institutions and Mental Models
  • 10.3 Institutions and Ideas
  • 10.4 Institutions and Individuals
  • 10.5 Institutions beyond the Nation-State
  • 10.6 Institutions and Identification
  • 10.7 Where to Turn to Start Your Own Research?
  • Further Reading
• References
• Index

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