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• Front Matter
  • About the Editors
  • Credits
  • Acknowledgments
  • Icons Used In This Book
  • Foreword
  • Introduction
    • EMC Academic Alliance
    • EMC Proven Professional Certification
• Section I Storage System
  • Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Storage
    • Key Concepts
    • 1.1 Information Storage
      • 1.1.1 Data
        • Figure 1-1: Digital data
        • Examples of Research and Business Data
      • 1.1.2 Types of Data
        • Figure 1-2: Types of data
      • 1.1.3 Big Data
        • Figure 1-3: Big data ecosystem
      • 1.1.4 Information
      • 1.1.5 Storage
    • 1.2 Evolution of Storage Architecture
      • Figure 1-4: Evolution of storage architecture
    • 1.3 Data Center Infrastructure
      • 1.3.1 Core Elements of a Data Center
        • Figure 1-5: Example of an online order transaction system
      • 1.3.2 Key Characteristics of a Data Center
        • Figure 1-6: Key characteristics of a data center
      • 1.3.3 Managing a Data Center
    • 1.4 Virtualization and Cloud Computing
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 2 Data Center Environment
    • Key Concepts
    • 2.1 Application
      • Application Virtualization
    • 2.2 Database Management System (DBMS)
    • 2.3 Host (Compute)
      • 2.3.1 Operating System
        • Memory Virtualization
      • 2.3.2 Device Driver
      • 2.3.3 Volume Manager
        • Figure 2-1: Disk partitioning and concatenation
      • 2.3.4 File System
        • Figure 2-2: Process of mapping user files to disk storage
      • 2.3.5 Compute Virtualization
        • Figure 2-3: Server virtualization
        • Desktop Virtualization
    • 2.4 Connectivity
      • 2.4.1 Physical Components of Connectivity
        • Figure 2-4: Physical components of connectivity
      • 2.4.2 Interface Protocols
        • IDE/ATA and Serial ATA
        • SCSI and Serial SCSI
        • Fibre Channel
        • Internet Protocol (IP)
    • 2.5 Storage
    • 2.6 Disk Drive Components
      • Figure 2-5: Disk drive components
      • 2.6.1 Platter
        • Figure 2-6: Spindle and platter
      • 2.6.2 Spindle
      • 2.6.3 Read/Write Head
        • Figure 2-7: Actuator arm assembly
      • 2.6.4 Actuator Arm Assembly
      • 2.6.5 Drive Controller Board
      • 2.6.6 Physical Disk Structure
        • Figure 2-8: Disk structure: sectors, tracks, and cylinders
        • Disk Advertised Capacity Versus Available Capacity
      • 2.6.7 Zoned Bit Recording
        • Figure 2-9: Zoned bit recording
      • 2.6.8 Logical Block Addressing
        • Figure 2-10: Physical address and logical block address
    • 2.7 Disk Drive Performance
      • 2.7.1 Disk Service Time
        • Seek Time
        • Rotational Latency
        • Data Transfer Rate
          • Figure 2-11: Data transfer rate
      • 2.7.2 Disk I/O Controller Utilization
        • Figure 2-12: I/O processing
        • Figure 2-13: Utilization versus response time
    • 2.8 Host Access to Data
      • Figure 2-14: Host access to storage
    • 2.9 Direct-Attached Storage
      • Figure 2-15: Internal and external DAS architecture
      • 2.9.1 DAS Benefits and Limitations
    • 2.10 Storage Design Based on Application Requirements and Disk Performance
      • Table 2-1: IOPS Performed by Disk Drive
    • 2.11 Disk Native Command Queuing
      • Figure 2-16: Disk command queuing
    • 2.12 Introduction to Flash Drives
      • 2.12.1 Components and Architecture of Flash Drives
      • 2.12.2 Features of Enterprise Flash Drives
    • 2.13 Concept in Practice: VMware ESXi
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 3 Data Protection: RAID
    • Key Concepts
    • 3.1 RAID Implementation Methods
      • 3.1.1 Software RAID
      • 3.1.2 Hardware RAID
    • 3.2 RAID Array Components
      • Figure 3-1: Components of a RAID array
    • 3.3 RAID Techniques
      • 3.3.1 Striping
        • Figure 3-2: Striped RAID set
      • 3.3.2 Mirroring
        • Figure 3-3: Mirrored disks in an array
      • 3.3.3 Parity
        • Figure 3-4: Parity RAID
        • XOR Operation
    • 3.4 RAID Levels
      • Table 3-1: Raid Levels
      • 3.4.1 RAID 0
        • Figure 3-5: RAID 0
      • 3.4.2 RAID 1
        • Figure 3-6: RAID 1
      • 3.4.3 Nested RAID
        • Figure 3-7: Nested RAID
      • 3.4.4 RAID 3
        • Figure 3-8: RAID 3
      • 3.4.5 RAID 4
      • 3.4.6 RAID 5
        • Figure 3-9: RAID 5
      • 3.4.7 RAID 6
        • Figure 3-10: RAID 6
    • 3.5 RAID Impact on Disk Performance
      • Figure 3-11: Write penalty in RAID 5
      • 3.5.1 Application IOPS and RAID Configurations
    • 3.6 RAID Comparison
      • Table 3-2: Comparison of Common RAID Types
    • 3.7 Hot Spares
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 4 Intelligent Storage Systems
    • Key Concepts
    • 4.1 Components of an Intelligent Storage System
      • Figure 4-1: Components of an intelligent storage system
      • 4.1.1 Front End
      • 4.1.2 Cache
        • Structure of Cache
          • Figure 4-2: Structure of cache
        • Read Operation with Cache
          • Figure 4-3: Read hit and read miss
        • Write Operation with Cache
        • Cache Implementation
        • Cache Management
          • Figure 4-4: Types of flushing
        • Cache Data Protection
          • Server Flash-Caching Technology
      • 4.1.3 Back End
      • 4.1.4 Physical Disk
    • 4.2 Storage Provisioning
      • 4.2.1 Traditional Storage Provisioning
        • Figure 4-5: RAID set and LUNs
        • LUN Expansion: MetaLUN
          • Figure 4-6: Concatenated metaLUN
          • Figure 4-7: Striped metaLUN
      • 4.2.2 Virtual Storage Provisioning
        • Comparison between Virtual and Traditional Storage Provisioning
          • Figure 4-8: Virtual provisioning
          • Figure 4-9: Traditional versus virtual provisioning
        • Use Cases for Thin and Traditional LUNs
      • 4.2.3 LUN Masking
    • 4.3 Types of Intelligent Storage Systems
      • 4.3.1 High-End Storage Systems
        • Figure 4-10: Active-active configuration
      • 4.3.2 Midrange Storage Systems
        • Figure 4-11: Active-passive configuration
    • 4.4 Concepts in Practice: EMC Symmetrix and VNX
      • 4.4.1 EMC Symmetrix Storage Array
        • Figure 4-12: EMC Symmetrix VMAX
      • 4.4.2 EMC Symmetrix VMAX Component
      • 4.4.3 Symmetrix VMAX Architecture
        • Figure 4-13: VMAX architecture
    • Summary
      • Exercises
• Section II Storage Networking Technologies
  • Chapter 5 Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks
    • Key Concepts
    • 5.1 Fibre Channel: Overview
    • 5.2 The SAN and Its Evolution
      • Figure 5-1: FC SAN implementation
      • Figure 5-2: FC SAN evolution
    • 5.3 Components of FC SAN
      • 5.3.1 Node Ports
        • Figure 5-3: Nodes, ports, and links
      • 5.3.2 Cables and Connectors
        • Figure 5-4: Multimode fiber and single-mode fiber
        • Figure 5-5: SC, LC, and ST connectors
      • 5.3.3 Interconnect Devices
      • 5.3.4 SAN Management Software
        • FC Switch Versus FC Hub
    • 5.4 FC Connectivity
      • 5.4.1 Point-to-Point
        • Figure 5-6: Point-to-point connectivity
      • 5.4.2 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop
        • Figure 5-7: Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop
      • 5.4.3 Fibre Channel Switched Fabric
        • Figure 5-8: Fibre Channel switched fabric
        • Figure 5-9: Tiered structure of Fibre Channel switched fabric
        • FC-SW Transmission
          • Figure 5-10: Data transmission in Fibre Channel switched fabric
    • 5.5 Switched Fabric Ports
      • Figure 5-11: Switched fabric ports
    • 5.6 Fibre Channel Architecture
      • 5.6.1 Fibre Channel Protocol Stack
        • Figure 5-12: Fibre Channel protocol stack
        • FC-4 Layer
        • FC-2 Layer
        • FC-1 Layer
        • FC-0 Layer
      • 5.6.2 Fibre Channel Addressing
        • Figure 5-13: 24-bit FC address of N_Port
        • N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV)
      • 5.6.3 World Wide Names
        • Figure 5-14: World Wide Names
      • 5.6.4 FC Frame
        • Figure 5-15: FC frame
      • 5.6.5 Structure and Organization of FC Data
      • 5.6.6 Flow Control
        • BB_Credit
        • EE_Credit
      • 5.6.7 Classes of Service
        • Table 5-1: FC Class of Services
    • 5.7 Fabric Services
      • Figure 5-16: Fabric services provided by FC switches
    • 5.8 Switched Fabric Login Types
    • 5.9 Zoning
      • Figure 5-17: Zoning
      • Figure 5-18: Members, zones, and zone sets
      • 5.9.1 Types of Zoning
        • Figure 5-19: Types of zoning
        • Single HBA Zoning
    • 5.10 FC SAN Topologies
      • 5.10.1 Mesh Topology
        • A Single-Switch Topology
        • Figure 5-20: Partial mesh and full mesh topologies
      • 5.10.2 Core-Edge Fabric
        • Benefits and Limitations of Core-Edge Fabric
          • Figure 5-21: Single-core topology
          • Figure 5-22: Dual-core topology
          • Figure 5-23: Compound core-edge topology
          • Fan-Out and Fan-In
    • 5.11 Virtualization in SAN
      • 5.11.1 Block-level Storage Virtualization
        • Figure 5-24: Block-level storage virtualization
        • Figure 5-25: Federation of block storage across data centers
      • 5.11.2 Virtual SAN (VSAN)
    • 5.12 Concepts in Practice: EMC Connectrix and EMC VPLEX
      • 5.12.1 EMC Connectrix
        • Figure 5-26: EMC Connectrix
        • Connectrix Switches
        • Connectrix Directors
        • Connectrix Multi-purpose Switches
        • Connectrix Management Tools
      • 5.12.2 EMC VPLEX
        • VPLEX Family of Products
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 6 IP SAN and FCoE
    • Key Concepts
    • 6.1 iSCSI
      • Figure 6-1: iSCSI implementation
      • 6.1.1 Components of iSCSI
      • 6.1.2 iSCSI Host Connectivity
      • 6.1.3 iSCSI Topologies
        • Native iSCSI Connectivity
          • Figure 6-2: iSCSI Topologies
        • Bridged iSCSI Connectivity
        • Combining FC and Native iSCSI Connectivity
      • 6.1.4 iSCSI Protocol Stack
        • Figure 6-3: iSCSI protocol stack
      • 6.1.5 iSCSI PDU
        • Figure 6-4: iSCSI PDU encapsulated in an IP packet
        • Figure 6-5: Alignment of iSCSI PDUs with IP packets
      • 6.1.6 iSCSI Discovery
      • 6.1.7 iSCSI Names
        • Figure 6-6: Discovery using iSNS
        • Network Address Authority
      • 6.1.8 iSCSI Session
        • Figure 6-7: iSCSI session
      • 6.1.9 iSCSI Command Sequencing
        • Figure 6-8: Command and status sequence number
    • 6.2 FCIP
      • 6.2.1 FCIP Protocol Stack
        • Figure 6-9: FCIP protocol stack
        • Figure 6-10: FCIP encapsulation
      • 6.2.2 FCIP Topology
        • Figure 6-11: FCIP topology
      • 6.2.3 FCIP Performance and Security
    • 6.3 FCoE
      • 6.3.1 I/O Consolidation Using FCoE
        • Figure 6-12: Infrastructure before using FCoE
        • Figure 6-13: Infrastructure after using FCoE
      • 6.3.2 Components of an FCoE Network
        • Converged Network Adapter
          • Figure 6-14: Converged Network Adapter
        • Cables
        • FCoE Switches
          • Figure 6-15: FCoE switch generic architecture
      • 6.3.3 FCoE Frame Structure
        • Figure 6-16: FCoE frame structure
        • FCoE Frame Mapping
          • Figure 6-17: FCoE frame mapping
          • FCOE ports
      • 6.3.4 FCoE Enabling Technologies
        • Priority-Based Flow Control (PFC)
          • Figure 6-18: Priority-based flow control
        • Enhanced Transmission Selection (ETS)
        • Congestion Notification (CN)
          • Figure 6-19: Congestion Notification
        • Data Center Bridging Exchange Protocol (DCBX)
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 7 Network-Attached Storage
    • Key Concepts
    • 7.1 General-Purpose Servers versus NAS Devices
      • Figure 7-1: General purpose server versus NAS device
    • 7.2 Benefits of NAS
    • 7.3 File Systems and Network File Sharing
      • 7.3.1 Accessing a File System
      • 7.3.2 Network File Sharing
        • Figure 7-2: UNIX directory structure
    • 7.4 Components of NAS
      • Figure 7-3: Components of NAS
    • 7.5 NAS I/O Operation
      • Figure 7-4: NAS I/O operation
    • 7.6 NAS Implementations
      • 7.6.1 Unified NAS
      • 7.6.2 Unified NAS Connectivity
      • 7.6.3 Gateway NAS
        • Figure 7-5: Unified NAS connectivity
      • 7.6.4 Gateway NAS Connectivity
        • Figure 7-6: Gateway NAS connectivity
      • 7.6.5 Scale-Out NAS
      • 7.6.6 Scale-Out NAS Connectivity
        • Figure 7-7: Scale-out NAS with dual internal and single external networks
        • InfiniBand
    • 7.7 NAS File-Sharing Protocols
      • 7.7.1 NFS
        • pNFS and MPFS
      • 7.7.2 CIFS
    • 7.8 Factors Affecting NAS Performance
      • Figure 7-8: Causes of latency
    • 7.9 File-Level Virtualization
      • Figure 7-9: File-serving environment before and after file-level virtualization
    • 7.10 Concepts in Practice: EMC Isilon and EMC VNX Gateway
      • 7.10.1 EMC Isilon
      • 7.10.2 EMC VNX Gateway
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 8 Object-Based and Unified Storage
    • Key Concepts
    • 8.1 Object-Based Storage Devices
      • Figure 8-1: Hierarchical file system versus flat address space
      • Figure 8-2: Object structure
      • 8.1.1 Object-Based Storage Architecture
        • Figure 8-3: Block-level access versus object-level access
      • 8.1.2 Components of OSD
        • Figure 8-4: OSD components
      • 8.1.3 Object Storage and Retrieval in OSD
        • Figure 8-5: Storing objects on OSD
        • Figure 8-6: Object retrieval from an OSD system
      • 8.1.4 Benefits of Object-Based Storage
      • 8.1.5 Common Use Cases for Object-Based Storage
        • REST and SOAP
    • 8.2 Content-Addressed Storage
    • 8.3 CAS Use Cases
      • 8.3.1 Healthcare Solution: Storing Patient Studies
        • Figure 8-7: Storing patient studies on a CAS system
      • 8.3.2 Finance Solution: Storing Financial Records
        • Figure 8-8: Storing financial records on a CAS system
    • 8.4 Unified Storage
      • 8.4.1 Components of Unified Storage
        • Figure 8-9: Unified storage platform
        • Data Access from Unified Storage
    • 8.5 Concepts in Practice: EMC Atmos, EMC VNX, and EMC Centera
      • 8.5.1 EMC Atmos
        • Figure 8-10: EMC Atmos storage system
      • 8.5.2 EMC VNX
        • Figure 8-11: EMC VNX storage system
      • 8.5.3 EMC Centera
        • EMC Centera Architecture
          • Figure 8-12: Centera architecture
    • Summary
      • Exercises
• Section III Backup, Archive, and Replication
  • Chapter 9 Introduction to Business Continuity
    • Key Concepts
    • 9.1 Information Availability
      • 9.1.1 Causes of Information Unavailability
        • Figure 9-1: Disruptors of information availability
      • 9.1.2 Consequences of Downtime
      • 9.1.3 Measuring Information Availability
        • Figure 9-2: Information availability metrics
        • Table 9-1: Availability Percentage and Allowable Downtime
    • 9.2 BC Terminology
      • Figure 9-3: Strategies to meet RPO and RTO targets
    • 9.3 BC Planning Life Cycle
      • Figure 9-4: BC planning life cycle
    • 9.4 Failure Analysis
      • 9.4.1 Single Point of Failure
        • Figure 9-5: Single point of failure
      • 9.4.2 Resolving Single Points of Failure
        • Figure 9-6: Resolving single points of failure
      • 9.4.3 Multipathing Software
    • 9.5 Business Impact Analysis
    • 9.6 BC Technology Solutions
    • 9.7 Concept in Practice: EMC PowerPath
      • 9.7.1 PowerPath Features
      • 9.7.2 Dynamic Load Balancing
        • Figure 9-7: I/O without PowerPath
        • I/O Operation without PowerPath
        • I/O Operation with PowerPath
          • Figure 9-8: I/O with PowerPath
      • 9.7.3 Automatic Path Failover
        • Path Failure without PowerPath
          • Figure 9-9: Path failure without PowerPath
        • Path Failover with PowerPath: Active-Active Array
          • Figure 9-10: Path failover with PowerPath for an active-active array
        • Path Failover with PowerPath: Active-Passive Array
          • Figure 9-11: Path failover with PowerPath for an active-passive array
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 10 Backup and Archive
    • Key Concepts
    • 10.1 Backup Purpose
      • 10.1.1 Disaster Recovery
      • 10.1.2 Operational Recovery
      • 10.1.3 Archival
        • Backup Window
    • 10.2 Backup Considerations
    • 10.3 Backup Granularity
      • Figure 10-1: Backup granularity levels
      • Synthetic Full Backup
      • Figure 10-2: Restoring from an incremental backup
      • Figure 10-3: Restoring a cumulative backup
    • 10.4 Recovery Considerations
    • 10.5 Backup Methods
      • Server Configuration Backup
    • 10.6 Backup Architecture
      • Figure 10-4: Backup architecture
    • 10.7 Backup and Restore Operations
      • Figure 10-5: Backup operation
      • Figure 10-6: Restore operation
    • 10.8 Backup Topologies
      • Figure 10-7: Direct-attached backup topology
      • Figure 10-8: LAN-based backup topology
      • Figure 10-9: SAN-based backup topology
      • Figure 10-10: Mixed backup topology
    • 10.9 Backup in NAS Environments
      • 10.9.1 Server-Based and Serverless Backup
        • Figure 10-11: Server-based backup in a NAS environment
        • Figure 10-12: Serverless backup in a NAS environment
      • 10.9.2 NDMP-Based Backup
        • Figure 10-13: NDMP 2-way in a NAS environment
        • Figure 10-14: NDMP 3-way in a NAS environment
    • 10.10 Backup Targets
      • 10.10.1 Backup to Tape
        • Physical Tape Library
          • Figure 10-15: Physical tape library
          • Figure 10-16: Multiple streams on tape media
        • Limitations of Tape
      • 10.10.2 Backup to Disk
        • Figure 10-17: Tape versus disk restore
      • 10.10.3 Backup to Virtual Tape
        • Virtual Tape Library
          • Figure 10-18: Virtual tape library
          • Table 10-1: Backup Targets Comparison
    • 10.11 Data Deduplication for Backup
      • 10.11.1 Data Deduplication Methods
      • 10.11.2 Data Deduplication Implementation
        • Source-Based Data Deduplication
          • Figure 10-19: Source-based data deduplication
        • Target-Based Data Deduplication
          • Figure 10-20: Target-based data deduplication
          • Remote Office/Branch Office (ROBO) Backup
    • 10.12 Backup in Virtualized Environments
      • Figure 10-21: Traditional VM backup
      • Figure 10-22: Image-based backup
    • 10.13 Data Archive
      • Figure 10-23: Examples of fixed content data
    • 10.14 Archiving Solution Architecture
      • Figure 10-24: Archiving solution architecture
      • 10.14.1 Use Case: E-mail Archiving
      • 10.14.2 Use Case: File Archiving
        • Archiving Data to Cloud Storage
    • 10.15 Concepts in Practice: EMC NetWorker, EMC Avamar, and EMC Data Domain
      • 10.15.1 EMC NetWorker
      • 10.15.2 EMC Avamar
      • 10.15.3 EMC Data Domain
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 11 Local Replication
    • Key Concepts
    • 11.1 Replication Terminology
      • Replica versus Backup Copy
    • 11.2 Uses of Local Replicas
    • 11.3 Replica Consistency
      • 11.3.1 Consistency of a Replicated File System
        • Figure 11-1: Flushing the file system buffer
      • 11.3.2 Consistency of a Replicated Database
        • Figure 11-2: Dependent write consistency on sources
        • Figure 11-3: Dependent write consistency on replica
        • Figure 11-4: Inconsistent database replica
    • 11.4 Local Replication Technologies
      • 11.4.1 Host-Based Local Replication
        • LVM-Based Replication
        • Advantages of LVM-Based Replication
          • Figure 11-5: LVM-based mirroring
        • Limitations of LVM-Based Replication
        • File System Snapshot
          • Figure 11-6: Write to production FS
      • 11.4.2 Storage Array-Based Local Replication
        • Figure 11-7: Storage array-based local replication
        • Full-Volume Mirroring
          • Figure 11-8: Full-volume mirroring
        • Pointer-Based, Full-Volume Replication
          • Figure 11-9: Copy on first access (CoFA) — write to source
          • Figure 11-10: Copy on first access (CoFA) — read from target
          • Figure 11-11: Copy on first access (CoFA) — write to target
        • Pointer-Based Virtual Replication
          • Figure 11-12: Pointer-based virtual replication — write to source
      • 11.4.3 Network-Based Local Replication
        • Figure 11-13: Pointer-based virtual replication — write to target
        • Continuous Data Protection
        • CDP Local Replication Operation
          • Figure 11-14: Continuous data protection — local replication
    • 11.5 Tracking Changes to Source and Replica
      • Figure 11-15: Tracking changes
    • 11.6 Restore and Restart Considerations
      • Table 11-1: Comparison of Local Replication Technologies
    • 11.7 Creating Multiple Replicas
      • Figure 11-16: Multiple replicas created at different PIT
    • 11.8 Local Replication in a Virtualized Environment
    • 11.9 Concepts in Practice: EMC TimeFinder, EMC SnapView, and EMC RecoverPoint
      • 11.9.1 EMC TimeFinder
        • TimeFinder/Clone
        • TimeFinder/Snap
      • 11.9.2 EMC SnapView
        • SnapView Snapshot
        • SnapView Clone
      • 11.9.3 EMC RecoverPoint
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 12 Remote Replication
    • Key Concepts
    • 12.1 Modes of Remote Replication
      • Figure 12-1: Synchronous replication
      • Figure 12-2: Bandwidth requirement for synchronous replication
      • Figure 12-3: Asynchronous replication
      • Figure 12-4: Bandwidth requirement for asynchronous replication
    • 12.2 Remote Replication Technologies
      • 12.2.1 Host-Based Remote Replication
        • LVM-Based Remote Replication
          • Figure 12-5: LVM-based remote replication
        • Host-Based Log Shipping
          • Figure 12-6: Host-based log shipping
      • 12.2.2 Storage Array-Based Remote Replication
        • Synchronous Replication Mode
          • Figure 12-7: Array-based synchronous remote replication
        • Asynchronous Replication Mode
          • Figure 12-8: Array-based asynchronous remote replication
        • Disk-Buffered Replication Mode
          • Figure 12-9: Disk-buffered remote replication
      • 12.2.3 Network-Based Remote Replication
        • CDP Remote Replication
          • Figure 12-10: CDP remote replication
    • 12.3 Three-Site Replication
      • 12.3.1 Three-Site Replication — Cascade/Multihop
        • Synchronous + Asynchronous
          • Figure 12-11: Three-site remote replication cascade/multihop
        • Synchronous + Disk Buffered
      • 12.3.2 Three-Site Replication — Triangle/Multitarget
        • Figure 12-12: Three-site replication triangle/multitarget
    • 12.4 Data Migration Solutions
      • Figure 12-13: Bitmap status during push operation
    • 12.5 Remote Replication and Migration in a Virtualized Environment
      • Figure 12-14: Hypervisor-to-hypervisor VM migration
      • Figure 12-15: Array-to-array VM migration
    • 12.6 Concepts in Practice: EMC SRDF, EMC MirrorView, and EMC RecoverPoint
      • 12.6.1 EMC SRDF
      • 12.6.2 EMC MirrorView
      • 12.6.3 EMC RecoverPoint
    • Summary
      • Exercises
• Section IV Cloud Computing
  • Chapter 13 Cloud Computing
    • Key Concepts
    • 13.1 Cloud Enabling Technologies
    • 13.2 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
      • Multitenancy
    • 13.3 Benefits of Cloud Computing
    • 13.4 Cloud Service Models
      • 13.4.1 Infrastructure-as-a-Service
        • Figure 13-1: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS models
      • 13.4.2 Platform-as-a-Service
      • 13.4.3 Software-as-a-Service
    • 13.5 Cloud Deployment Models
      • 13.5.1 Public Cloud
        • Figure 13-2: Public cloud
      • 13.5.2 Private Cloud
        • Figure 13-3: On-premise and externally hosted private clouds
      • 13.5.3 Community Cloud
        • Figure 13-4: Community cloud
      • 13.5.4 Hybrid Cloud
        • Figure 13-5: Hybrid cloud
    • 13.6 Cloud Computing Infrastructure
      • 13.6.1 Physical Infrastructure
        • Figure 13-6: Cloud infrastructure layers
      • 13.6.2 Virtual Infrastructure
      • 13.6.3 Applications and Platform Software
      • 13.6.4 Cloud Management and Service Creation Tools
        • Cloud-optimized Storage
    • 13.7 Cloud Challenges
      • 13.7.1 Challenges for Consumers
      • 13.7.2 Challenges for Providers
    • 13.8 Cloud Adoption Considerations
    • 13.9 Concepts in Practice: Vblock
    • Summary
      • Exercises
• Section V Securing and Managing Storage Infrastructure
  • Chapter 14 Securing the Storage Infrastructure
    • Key Concepts
    • 14.1 Information Security Framework
    • 14.2 Risk Triad
      • 14.2.1 Assets
      • 14.2.2 Threats
        • Examples of Passive Attacks
      • 14.2.3 Vulnerability
    • 14.3 Storage Security Domains
      • Figure 14-1: Storage security domains
      • 14.3.1 Securing the Application Access Domain
        • Figure 14-2: Security threats in an application access domain
        • Controlling User Access to Data
        • Protecting the Storage Infrastructure
        • Data Encryption
      • 14.3.2 Securing the Management Access Domain
        • Figure 14-3: Security threats in a management access domain
        • Controlling Administrative Access
        • Protecting the Management Infrastructure
      • 14.3.3 Securing Backup, Replication, and Archive
        • Figure 14-4: Security threats in a backup, replication, and archive environment
    • 14.4 Security Implementations in Storage Networking
      • 14.4.1 FC SAN
        • FC SAN Security Architecture
        • Basic SAN Security Mechanisms
          • Figure 14-5: FC SAN security architecture
          • Table 14-1: Security Zones and Protection Strategies
        • LUN Masking and Zoning
        • Securing Switch Ports
        • Switch-Wide and Fabric-Wide Access Control
        • Logical Partitioning of a Fabric: Virtual SAN
      • 14.4.2 NAS
        • Figure 14-6: Securing SAN with VSAN
        • NAS File Sharing: Windows ACLs
        • NAS File Sharing: UNIX Permissions
        • NAS File Sharing: Authentication and Authorization
          • Figure 14-7: Securing user access in a NAS environment
        • Kerberos
          • Figure 14-8: Kerberos authorization
        • Network-Layer Firewalls
          • Figure 14-9: Securing a NAS environment with a network-layer firewall
          • Application-Layer Firewalls and XML Firewalls
      • 14.4.3 IP SAN
        • Figure 14-10: Securing IPSAN with CHAP authentication
        • Figure 14-11: Securing IPSAN with iSNS discovery domains
    • 14.5 Securing Storage Infrastructure in Virtualized and Cloud Environments
      • 14.5.1 Security Concerns
      • 14.5.2 Security Measures
        • Security at the Compute Level
          • Trusted Network Connect (TNC)
        • Security at the Network Level
        • Security at the Storage Level
    • 14.6 Concepts in Practice: RSA and VMware Security Products
      • 14.6.1 RSA SecureID
      • 14.6.2 RSA Identity and Access Management
      • 14.6.3 RSA Data Protection Manager
      • 14.6.4 VMware vShield
    • Summary
      • Exercises
  • Chapter 15 Managing the Storage Infrastructure
    • Key Concepts
    • 15.1 Monitoring the Storage Infrastructure
      • 15.1.1 Monitoring Parameters
      • 15.1.2 Components Monitored
        • Hosts
        • Storage Network
        • Storage
      • 15.1.3 Monitoring Examples
        • Accessibility Monitoring
          • Figure 15-1: Switch failure in a storage infrastructure
        • Capacity Monitoring
          • Figure 15-2: Monitoring storage array capacity
          • Figure 15-3: Monitoring server file system space
        • Performance Monitoring
          • Figure 15-4: Monitoring array port utilization
          • Figure 15-5: Monitoring the CPU and memory usage of a server
        • Security Monitoring
          • Figure 15-6: Monitoring security in a storage array
      • 15.1.4 Alerts
    • 15.2 Storage Infrastructure Management Activities
      • 15.2.1 Availability Management
      • 15.2.2 Capacity Management
      • 15.2.3 Performance Management
      • 15.2.4 Security Management
      • 15.2.5 Reporting
      • 15.2.6 Storage Infrastructure Management in a Virtualized Environment
        • Storage Multitenancy
      • 15.2.7 Storage Management Examples
        • Example 1: Storage Allocation to a New Server/Host
          • Figure 15-7: Storage allocation tasks
        • Example 2: File System Space Management
          • Figure 15-8: Extending a file system
        • Example 3: Chargeback Report
          • Figure 15-9: Chargeback report
          • Figure 15-10: Correlation of capacity configured for an application
    • 15.3 Storage Infrastructure Management Challenges
    • 15.4 Developing an Ideal Solution
      • 15.4.1 Storage Management Initiative
      • 15.4.2 Enterprise Management Platform
    • 15.5 Information Lifecycle Management
      • Figure 15-11: Changing value of sales order information
    • 15.6 Storage Tiering
      • 15.6.1 Intra-Array Storage Tiering
        • Figure 15-12: Implementation of intra-array storage tiering
        • Figure 15-13: Cache tiering
      • 15.6.2 Inter-Array Storage Tiering
        • Figure 15-14: Implementation of inter-array storage tiering
    • 15.7 Concepts in Practice: EMC Infrastructure Management Tools
      • 15.7.1 EMC ControlCenter and Prosphere
      • 15.7.2 EMC Unisphere
      • 15.7.3 EMC Unified Infrastructure Manager (UIM)
    • Summary
      • Exercises
• Back Matter
  • Appendix A Application I/O Characteristics
    • Random and Sequential
    • Reads and Writes
      • Table A-1: Read/Write Interactions with Cache
    • I/O Request Size
      • Table A-2: Application Characteristics
  • Appendix B Parallel SCSI
    • SCSI Standards Family
      • Figure B-1: The SCSI standards family
    • SCSI Client-Server Model
      • Figure B-2: SCSI client-server model
    • Parallel SCSI Addressing
      • Figure B-3: SCSI Initiator-Target communication
  • Appendix C SAN Design Exercises
    • Exercise 1
      • Solution
    • Exercise 2
      • Solution
  • Appendix D Information Availability Exercises
    • Exercise 1
      • Solution
    • Exercise 2
      • Solution
  • Appendix E Network Technologies for Remote Replication
    • DWDM
      • Figure E-1: Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
    • CWDM
    • SONET
  • Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations
  • Glossary
  • Index

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