Efnisyfirlit

• Human Behavior in the Social Environment
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Editors
• Contributors
• Chapter 1 Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Exploring Conceptual Foundations
  • Scholarly and Professional Dilemmas Related to Human Behavior and the Social Environment
    • Development of the Social Work Knowledge Base
    • The Utility of Middle Range Theory
    • Issues Related to Levels of Analysis
    • Characterizing the Nature of the Relationship Between Persons and Their Environments
  • Development of the Human Behavior and Social Environment Construct
    • General Background
    • Council on Social Work Education Standards
    • Empirical Perspectives
    • Debates Around the Human Behavior and the Social Environment Curriculum
  • A Selection of Frameworks That Address Linkages Between Human Behavior and the Social Environment
    • Life Course Perspectives
    • Extensions of Life Course Approaches
  • Life Course Approach: An Application
    • Highlighting Historical Time and Place: Mid- and Late Adulthood
    • Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Timing, Agency, and Opportunity
    • Linked Lives: Infants and Young Children
    • Cultural Understanding of Human Development
    • Opportunity Framework
    • Social Capital Theory
    • Neighborhood Effects
    • Institutional Theory
  • The Social Environment: Key Concepts
    • Structure and Process
    • Elements of Structure
    • Elements of Process
    • Practitioner–Environment Interaction
  • Frameworks for Linking Knowledge to Practice
    • Risk and Resilience
    • Stress and Coping
  • Conclusion
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 2 Respondent Learning Theory
  • Respondent Learning Processes
    • Unconditioned Stimuli
    • Conditioned Stimuli
    • Timing Is Everything!
    • Respondent Extinction
    • Vicarious Conditioning
    • Spontaneous Recovery
    • Respondent Discrimination
    • Sensitization
    • Second-Order Conditioning (or Higher-Order Conditioning)
  • Naturally Occurring Examples of Respondent Learning in Real Life
  • Experimental Examples of Respondent Learning
    • Experimentally Induced Pupillary Constriction
    • Conditioned Sucking in Newborn Babies
    • Respondent Conditioning of Private Events
  • Examples of Respondent Learning of Psychosocial Problems
    • Learned Social Anxiety
    • Anticipatory Nausea Among Cancer Chemotherapy Patients
    • Phobic Disorders
    • Sexual Paraphilias
    • Racism
  • Using Respondent Learning in Social Work Practice
    • Using Respondent Extinction
    • Masturbatory Reconditioning
  • Creating Conditioned Reactions
    • Lamaze Training for Pregnant Women
    • The Bell and Pad Device to Treat Enuresis
    • Aversion Therapies
  • Philosophical Foundations of Respondent Learning
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 3 Operant Learning Theory
  • Historical and Conceptual Origins
  • Basic Theoretical Principles
    • Reinforcement
    • Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Reinforcement
    • Secondary or Conditioned Reinforcement
    • Schedules of Reinforcement
    • Recent Research on Schedules of Reinforcement With Humans
    • Extinction
    • Punishment
    • Stimulus Control
    • Building Behavior by Shaping and Chaining
    • Modeling and Imitative Behavior
  • Advanced Theoretical Principles
    • Rule-Governed Behavior
    • Self-Control
  • Recent Theoretical Developments
    • Functional Analysis of Problem Behaviors
    • Matching Law
    • Stimulus Equivalence and Relational Frame Theory
  • Relevance to Social Work Practice
    • Uses in Assessment
    • Uses in Intervention
  • Critiques of the Operant Learning Approach
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 4 Cognitive-Behavioral Theory
  • Relevance to Contemporary Practitioners
  • Overview of Cognitive-Behavioral Theory
  • Historical and Conceptual Origins
  • Basic Theoretical Principles
    • Mediational Model
    • Information Processing
    • Self-Regulation
    • The Importance of Environment
  • Advanced Theoretical Principles
    • Core Beliefs
    • Cognitive Errors
  • Recent Theoretical Developments
  • Relevance to Social Work Practice
    • Uses in Assessment
    • Uses in Intervention
  • Evidence-Based Foundations
  • Critiques of This Approach
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 5 Attachment Theory
  • Historical and Conceptual Origins
  • Advanced Theoretical Principles
  • Recent Theoretical Developments
  • Relevance to Social Work Practice
    • Uses in Assessment
    • Uses in Intervention
  • Critiques of This Approach
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 6 Psychosocial Theory
  • Developmental Theory
  • Historical and Conceptual Origins
    • Freudian Origins
    • Erikson’s Historical View
  • Basic Theoretical Principles
    • Psychosocial Theory
    • Epigenetic Principle
    • Psychosocial Crisis
    • Ego Qualities Versus Core Pathologies
    • Radii of Significant Relationships
    • Psychosocial Stage Theory
  • Advanced Theoretical Principles
  • Recent Theoretical Developments
    • Identity Formation
    • Critical Life Events
  • Relevance to Social Work Practice
    • Uses in Assessment
    • Uses in Intervention
    • Life Review
  • Evidence-Based Foundations: Erikson on Erikson
  • Critiques of This Approach
    • Gilligan on Erikson
    • Paradigm Shifts
    • A Social Work Context on Development
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 7 Person-Centered Theory
  • Historical and Conceptual Origins
  • Basic Theoretical Principles
    • Human Nature
    • The Three Core Conditions Sustaining Person-Centered Theory and the Role of the Therapist
    • Personality
    • Stages of the Therapeutic Process
  • Advanced Theoretical Principles
    • Conceptual Constructs
    • Personality
    • Stages of the Therapeutic Process
  • Recent Theoretical Developments
  • Relevance to Social Work
  • Assessment
  • Intervention
  • Evidence-Based Foundations
    • Theory
    • Practice
    • Research
  • Critiques of This Approach
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 8 Genetic Theory
  • The Eukaryotic Cell
  • Chromosomes
  • Reproduction
  • Mitosis
  • Mendelian Genetics
  • The Process of Meiosis
    • Meiosis I
    • Meiosis II
  • Pedigrees
  • DNA and RNA
    • The Hereditary Information Molecules
  • The Genetics of Gender
    • Sex-Linked Genetics
    • Genetic Counseling
    • Genetic Engineering
  • The Human Genome Project
  • Conclusion
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 9 Ecosystems Theory
  • The Ecosystems Perspective in Social Work
    • Origins of the Perspective
    • The Rationale for Ecosystems in Social Work
    • Systemic Versus Linear Perspectives
  • The Conceptual Roots of the Ecosystems Perspective
    • Ecosystems: Science or Metaphor?
    • Ecological Theory
    • General Systems Theory
    • Recent Advances in Systems Thought
  • Evaluating the Ecosystems Perspective
    • Connectedness and the Transactional Focus
    • Utility for Assessment
  • Returning to the Science
  • Mapping Practice
  • Conclusion
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 10 Small Group Theory
  • Definitions
  • History and Conceptual Origins
    • Small Group Practice and Professionalization
    • Theoretical Underpinnings of Small Group Work
  • Basic Theoretical Principles
    • Systems Theory
    • Psychoanalytic Theory
    • Social Learning Theory
  • Recent Theoretical Developments
    • Cognitive-Behavioral Model
    • Mutual Aid Model
  • Relevance to Social Work Practice
    • Uses in Assessment
    • Uses in Intervention
    • Multicultural Group Work
  • Evidence-Based Foundations
  • Critiques of This Approach
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 11 Family Systems Theory
  • Historical and Conceptual Origins
  • Basic Theoretical Principles
  • Advanced Theoretical Principles
  • Recent Theoretical Developments
  • Relevance to Social Work Practice
    • Uses in Assessment
    • Uses in Intervention
  • Evidence-Based Foundations
  • Critiques of This Theory
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 12 Organizational Theory
  • Organizational Behavior
    • Social Organization
    • Social Organizations
    • Levels of Social Organization
    • Formal Organization
    • The Importance of Formal Organizations
  • Historical and Conceptual Origins
    • Early 20th Century
    • 1940s and 1950s
    • 1980s and 1990s
  • Basic Theoretical Principles
    • Principle 1: Organizations Are Social Institutions
    • Principle 2: Organizations Have a Structure
    • Principle 3: Organizations Have Formal and Informal Systems
    • Principle 4: Organizations Have a Culture
    • Principle 5: Organizations Have a Life Cycle
    • Principle 6: Organizations Require Leadership and Management
    • Principle 7: Organizations Are of Different Focal Types
    • Principle 8: Organizations Sometimes Produce the Opposite of Their Intended Goal
    • Principle 9: Organizations Are Central to Meaning Making for Citizens in Industrial Societies
  • Advanced Theoretical Principles
    • Interorganizational Theory of Organizational Differentiation
    • Organizational Environments
    • Issues of Organizational Effectiveness
    • Linear (More) Versus Multivariate Concepts of Success and Excellence
    • The Problems of Organization Superperformance and Malperformance
    • Organizations Can Enhance or Exhaust the Human System
    • Positive Organizational Scholarship
    • Sick Organizations
  • Recent Theoretical Developments
    • Emotion Work in the Workplace
    • New Approaches to Imagining Organizations
    • Organizational Kaleidoscopes: Disciplinary Perspectives
    • Executive Derailment and Calamity
    • Organizational Decision Making
    • Diversity and Organizations
  • Relevance to Social Work Practice
  • Overall Social Work Demographics
    • Nonprofit Sector
    • Trends in the Nonprofit Social Service Sector
    • Uses in Assessment and Intervention
  • Evidence-Based Foundations
  • Critiques of This Approach
  • Conclusion
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Chapter 13 The Potentially Harmful Effects of Theory in Social Work
  • Some Harmful Effects of Bad Theory
    • Teaching Bad Theory Wastes Time in Education and Training
    • Teaching Bad Theory Detracts From Time Spent Teaching Evidence-Based Content
    • Investigating Bad Theory Wastes Researchers’ Time and Resources
    • Basing Practice on Bad Theory Can Result in Ineffective or Harmful Practices
    • Theory Can Place Intellectual Blinders on Practitioners and Researchers
    • Legitimate Research Aimed at Testing Theory May Degenerate Into Attempting to Prove That a Given The
    • These authors bluntly concluded:
    • Theory Can Promote the Rise of Authority Figures and of Cult-Like Phenomena
    • Theory Can Promote Division Between Researchers and Practitioners
  • Where Can We Go From Here?
    • What Are Alternatives to Basing Education, Practice, and Research Primarily on Theory?
    • Alternatives in Social Work Education
    • Alternatives in Social Work Practice and Research
  • Conclusion
  • Key Terms
  • Review Questions for Critical Thinking
  • Online Resources
  • References
• Author Index
• Subject Index

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