Efnisyfirlit

• About This Book
  • Cover Page
  • Accessibility
  • New! Achieve for Health Psychology
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • About the Author
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Preface
• Part 1 Foundations of Health Psychology
  • Chapter 1 Introducing Health Psychology
    • Health and Illness: Lessons from the Past
      • From Ancient Times Through the Renaissance
      • From Post-Renaissance Rationality Through the Nineteenth Century
      • The Twentieth Century and the Dawn of a New Era
    • The Biopsychosocial Model
      • The Biological Context
      • The Psychological Context
      • The Social Context
        • Diversity and Healthy Living: The Immigrant Paradox: SES and the Health of Immigrants
      • Applying the Biopsychosocial Model
    • Frequently Asked Questions About a Health Psychology Career
      • What Do Health Psychologists Do?
        • Your Health Assets: College Does a Mind and Body Good
      • How Do I Become a Health Psychologist?
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 2 Research in Health Psychology
    • Critical Thinking and Evidence-Based Medicine
      • The Dangers of Unscientific Thinking
    • Health Psychology Research Methods
      • Descriptive Studies
      • Experimental Studies
      • Quasi-Experiments
      • Developmental Studies
    • Epidemiological Research: Tracking Disease
      • Objectives in Epidemiological Research
      • Research Methods in Epidemiology
        • Interpreting Data: Tables and Graphs
      • Inferring Causality
        • Interpreting Data: Measuring Risk
      • Research Ethics and Scientific Misconduct
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 3 Biological Foundations of Health and Illness
    • Cells and the Nervous System
      • Cells
      • Divisions of the Nervous System
      • The Brain
    • The Endocrine System
      • The Pituitary and Adrenal Glands
      • The Thyroid Gland and the Pancreas
    • The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
      • Blood and Circulation
      • The Heart
      • The Lungs
        • Diversity and Healthy Living: Asthma
    • The Digestive System
      • How Food Is Digested
    • The Immune System
      • Structure of the Immune System
      • The Immune Response
    • The Reproductive System and Behavior Genetics
      • Ovaries and Testes
      • Fertilization and the Mechanisms of Heredity
      • Genes and Environment
    • Other Bodily Systems
      • Interactions Among Bodily Systems
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
• Part 2 Stress and Health
  • Chapter 4 Stress
    • Stress: Some Basic Concepts
    • Stressors
      • Significant Life Events
      • Daily Hassles
        • Diversity and Healthy Living: Neighborhood Violence, Brain Development, and PTSD
      • Work
      • Social Interactions
    • The Physiology of Stress
      • The Role of the Brain and Nervous System
      • Measuring Stress
      • How Does Stress Make You Sick?
    • Other Models of Stress and Illness
      • Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
      • Cognitive Appraisal and Stress
      • The Diathesis–Stress Model
      • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
      • The Minority Stress Model
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 5 Coping with Stress
    • Personal Factors Affecting the Ability to Cope
      • Coping Style
        • Your Health Assets: The Brief COPE
      • Dispositional Affect
      • Optimism
      • Psychological Control
      • Resilience
    • External Factors Affecting the Ability to Cope
      • Socioeconomic Status
      • Social Support
    • Managing Stress
      • Relaxation Therapies
      • Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
        • Your Health Assets: Try Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Yourself
      • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
      • Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management
      • Emotional Disclosure
      • Other Coping Tools and Techniques
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
• Part 3 Behavior and Health
  • Chapter 6 Staying Healthy: Primary Prevention and Positive Psychology
    • Health and Behavior
      • Theories of Health Behavior
    • Prevention
      • Compressing Morbidity
      • Promoting Healthy Families and Communities
        • Interpreting Data: Which Americans Are Uninsured?
      • Community Health Education
      • Message Framing
      • Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
      • Promoting Healthy Workplaces
      • Work-Site Wellness Programs
    • Positive Psychology and Thriving
      • Allostasis and Neuroendocrine Health
      • Neurobiology of Resilience
      • Psychosocial Factors and Physiological Thriving
      • Beyond Positive Psychology
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 7 Exercise, Sleep, and Injury Prevention
    • Physical Activity, Exercise, and Fitness
      • Benefits from Physical Activity
      • Weight Control
      • Protection Against Chronic Illness
      • Cognitive and Emotional Well-Being
      • Is It Ever Too Late to Begin Exercising?
      • Why Don’t More People Exercise?
      • Exercise Interventions
      • Hazards of Exercise
    • Sleep
      • Sleep Patterns
      • Work Schedules and Stress
      • Sleep Loss
        • Your Health Assets: How Good Is Your Sleep?
      • Sleep Disorders
    • Injury Prevention and Control
      • Injuries in Childhood
      • Injuries in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
      • Injuries in Adulthood
      • Injury Prevention
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 8 Nutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders
    • Nutrition: Eating the Right Foods
      • Healthy Eating and Adherence to a Healthy Diet
        • Diversity and Healthy Living: Acculturation in Nutrition Guidelines
      • Diet and Disease
    • Weight Determination: Eating the Right Amount of Food
      • Basal Metabolic Rate and Caloric Intake
        • Your Health Assets: Super Foods for a Super You
      • The Set-Point Hypothesis
      • The Biological Basis of Weight Regulation
    • Obesity: A Complex Phenomenon
      • Hazards of Obesity
      • The Biopsychosocial Model of Obesity
    • Treatment and Prevention of Obesity
      • Dieting
      • Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy
      • Fit Families, Fit Communities
    • Eating Disorders
      • Demographics of Eating Disorders
      • Applying the Biopsychosocial Model
      • Treatment of Eating Disorders
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 9 Substance Use, Abuse, and Addiction
    • Understanding Substance Use, Abuse, and Addiction
      • Mechanisms of Drug Action
        • Your Health Assets: Social Media Addiction
      • Psychoactive Drugs
    • Models of Addiction
      • Biomedical Models: Addiction as Disease
      • Reward Models: Addiction as Pleasure Seeking
      • Social Learning Models: Addiction as Behavior
    • Alcohol Use and Abuse
      • Prevalence of Alcohol Use
      • The Physical Effects of Alcohol Consumption
      • Psychosocial Consequences of Alcohol Use
      • Alcohol Use Disorder
      • Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol Use Disorders
    • Tobacco Use and Abuse
      • Physical Effects of Smoking
      • Why Do People Smoke?
      • Prevention Programs
      • Cessation Programs
    • Marijuana
      • The Resurgence of Marijuana
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
• Part 4 Chronic and Life-Threatening Illnesses
  • Chapter 10 Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
    • Heart Health and Disease
      • Cardiovascular Diseases: Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke
    • Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
      • Uncontrollable Risk Factors
      • Controllable Risk Factors
    • Psychosocial Factors in Cardiovascular Disease
      • The Type A Personality
      • Negative Affect, Depression, and the Type D Personality
      • John Henryism
      • How Does Negative Affect Promote Cardiovascular Disease?
    • Reducing Risk and Preventing Recurrence of Cardiovascular Disease
      • Controlling Hypertension
      • Reducing Cholesterol
      • After CVD: Preventing Recurrence
      • Managing Stress, Anxiety, and Hostility
        • Your Health Assets: Benefit Finding
    • Diabetes
      • Types of Diabetes
      • Causes of Diabetes
      • Prevention and Self-Management of Diabetes
        • Diversity and Healthy Living: Cultural Adaptations to Evidence-Based Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes
      • Health Psychology and Diabetes
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 11 Cancer
    • What Is Cancer?
      • Types of Cancer
      • Cancer Susceptibility: Demographic Aspects
    • Risk Factors for Cancer
      • Tobacco Use
      • Diet
      • Alcohol Use
      • Physical Activity
      • Overweight and Obesity
      • Family History
      • Environmental and Occupational Hazards
      • Cancer and Infectious Disease
      • Stress and Immunocompetence
      • Depression: Both Risk and Result
    • Cancer Treatment
      • Early Diagnosis
      • Treatment Options
    • Coping with Cancer
      • Health Psychology and Coping
      • Emotions and Ethnicity
      • Knowledge, Control, Social Comparison, and Social Support
      • Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 12 Sexually Transmitted Infections: HIV/AIDS and Other Communicable Conditions
    • Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases
      • The Epidemiological Transition
        • Interpreting Data: Causes of Death in Four Categories of World Economies
      • Emerging and Reemerging Communicable Diseases
      • Antimicrobial Resistance
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections
      • Identifying and Understanding STIs
      • Prevention and Treatment of STIs
    • The AIDS Epidemic
      • How HIV Progresses
        • Diversity and Healthy Living: HIV Stigma and Living with AIDS Around the World
    • Living with a Chronic Illness
      • Health Psychologists’ Roles in Battling STIs
      • The Basis for Psychosocial Interventions
      • Educational Programs
        • Your Health Assets: Costs and Benefits of Condom Use for MSM
      • Promoting Adherence to Treatment
      • Community-Wide Interventions
      • Psychosocial Barriers to AIDS Intervention
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
• Part 5 Seeking Treatment
  • Chapter 13 The Role of Health Psychology in Seeking and Obtaining Health Care
    • Recognizing and Interpreting Symptoms
      • Illness Representations
    • Seeking Treatment
      • Age and Gender
      • Socioeconomic Status and Cultural Factors
      • Delay Behavior
      • Overusing Health Services
      • Patient Adherence
    • The Patient–Provider Relationship
      • Factors Affecting the Patient–Provider Relationship
        • Your Health Assets: Health Literacy
      • Improving Patient–Provider Communication
      • The Internet and the Patient–Provider Relationship
    • Hospitalization and Insurance
      • Loss of Control and Depersonalization
      • Insurance Systems Around the World
      • Patient Dissatisfaction, Patient-Centered Care, and Health Care Reform
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 14 Managing Pain
    • What Is Pain?
      • Epidemiology of Pain
      • Significance and Types of Pain
    • Measuring Pain
    • The Physiology of Pain
      • Pain Pathways
      • The Neurochemistry of Pain
      • Genes and Pain
      • Gate Control Theory
        • Diversity and Healthy Living: Phantom Limb Pain
    • Factors That Influence the Experience of Pain
      • Age
      • Gender
      • Sociocultural Factors
    • Treating Pain
      • Medical Treatments
      • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
      • Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pain Treatments
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
  • Chapter 15 Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • What Is Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
      • Three Ideals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • Medicine or Quackery?
      • What Constitutes Evidence?
      • Participant Selection and Outcome Measures
      • Participant Expectancy, the Placebo Effect, and the Meaning Response
    • Does Complementary and Alternative Medicine Work?
      • Mind–Body Therapies
      • Therapeutic Manipulation
      • Naturopathic Medicine
    • Looking Ahead: Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Our Future
      • The Best of Both Worlds
      • Healthy Skepticism
    • Summing Up
    • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
• Epilogue: Health Psychology Today and Tomorrow
  • Health Psychology’s Most Important Lessons
    • Lesson 1: Psychological and Social Factors Interact with Biology in Health
    • Lesson 2: It Is Our Own Responsibility to Promote and Maintain Our Health
    • Lesson 3: Positive Stress Appraisal and Management Are Essential to Good Health
  • Health Psychology’s Future Challenges
    • Challenge 1: To Increase the Span of Healthy Life for All People
    • Challenge 2: To Reduce Health Disparities and Increase Our Understanding of the Effects of Race, Gender, Culture, and Socioeconomic Status on Health
    • Challenge 3: To Achieve Equal Access to Preventive Health Care Services for All People
    • Challenge 4: To Adjust the Focus of Research and Intervention to Maximize Health Promotion with Evidence-Based Approaches
    • Challenge 5: To Assist in Health Care Reform
  • Conclusion
  • Summing Up
  • Key Terms and Concepts to Remember
• Glossary
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index
• Extended Descriptions
  • Cellphones, computer, and remotes
  • A teacher’s overview
  • Figure 1.1 A Timeline of Historical and Cultural Variations in Illness and Healing
  • Human musculature
  • Figure 1.2 The Biopsychosocial Model
  • Figure 1.3 The Leading Causes of Death in the United States by Age Group
  • Figure 1.4 Infant Mortality in the United States
  • Figure 1.5 Ecological-Systems Approach and Health
  • Figure 1.6 A Biopsychosocial Model of Alcohol Abuse
  • Figure 2.1 The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Hypertension
  • Figure 2.2 Does Exercise Reduce Depression?
  • The Pump Handle—Symbol of Effective Epidemiology
  • Figure 2.3 Estimated Number of Diagnoses of HIV Infection, 2016
  • Figure 2.4 Putting Health Psychology into Practice: Evaluating Scientific Evidence
  • Figure 3.1 Eukaryotic Cell
  • Figure 3.2 The Neuron
  • Figure 3.3 The Autonomic Nervous System
  • Figure 3.5 The Cerebral Cortex
  • Figure 3.6 Topographic Organization of the Somatosensory and Primary Motor Areas
  • Figure 3.7 The Endocrine Glands and Feedback Control
  • Figure 3.8 The Cardiac Cycle
  • Figure 3.9 The Human Heart
  • Figure 3.10 The Respiratory System
  • Asthma disparities framework
  • Figure 3.11 The Digestive System
  • Figure 3.12 The Immune System
  • Figure 3.13 The Inflammatory Response
  • Figure 3.14 Primary and Secondary Responses of the Immune System
  • Figure 3.15 The Reproductive System
  • Figure 3.16 Epigenetics: Guiding Cells to Their Specialized Roles
  • Figure 3.17 The M G B A
  • Figure 4.1 Average Age at First Marriage, 1890–2015
  • Figure 4.2 The Body’s Response to Stress
  • Figure 4.3 Conditioning the Immune Response
  • Figure 4.4 Research Themes in Psychoneuroimmunology
  • Figure 4.5 Summary of the Physiology of Stress: Immunosuppression Model
  • Figure 4.6 The General Adaptation Syndrome
  • Figure 4.7 The Transactional Model of Stress
  • Figure 4.8 Family Income by Race/Ethnicity
  • Figure 5.1 Unhealthy Days by Socioeconomic Status and Sex
  • Figure 5.2 Social Isolation and Mortality
  • Figure 5.3 Stress, Social Support, and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
  • Figure 5.4 The Negative Stress Cycle
  • Figure 6.1 Health Behaviors and Death Rate
  • Figure 6.2 The Health Belief Model
  • Figure 6.3 Theory of Planned Behavior
  • Figure 6.4 The Transtheoretical Model
  • Figure 6.5 Compression of Morbidity
  • Figure 6.6 Characteristics of the Nonelderly Uninsured
  • Anti-smoking campaign poster
  • Figure 6.7 Women’s Labor Force Participation Rate, 1950–2015 and Projected to 2024
  • Figure 6.8 Percentage of Employers Offering Various Types of Health Promotion Programs
  • Figure 6.9 The Neurobiology of Resilience
  • Figure 7.1 Speeding Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Age and Sex
  • Figure 7.2 Childhood Poisoning Fatalities—1972 to 2012
  • Mr. Yuk
  • Figure 8.1 Prevalence of Americans Who Are Overweight or Have Obesity
  • Figure 8.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Kilogram of Food Product
  • Figure 8.3 A Balanced Diet
  • Figure 8.4 Percentage of Calories from Fast Food Among Adults by Age and Weight Status
  • Figure 8.5 Percentage of US Adults with Chronic Conditions, by Number of Chronic Conditions
  • Figure 8.6 Food Insecurity and Chronic Illness
  • Figure 8.7 Mortality Rates as a Function of Body Mass Index (BMI)
  • Figure 8.8 Percentage of U.S. Women and Men Who Have Obesity by Racial and Ethnic Group
  • Figure 8.9 Urban Food Deserts
  • Figure 9.1 The Blood–Brain Barrier
  • Figure 9.2 Agonists, Partial Agonists, and Antagonists
  • Figure 9.3 Brain Circuits of "Wanting" and "Liking"
  • Figure 9.4 Alcohol Use in the United States
  • Alcohol abuse damages the brain
  • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
  • Figure 9.5 Who Smokes?
  • Figure 9.6 E-Cigarette Usage
  • Ban smoking proposal advertisement
  • Figure 9.7 How Marijuana Affects the Brain
  • Mortality rate in women by disease, based on ethnicity per 100,000 population
  • Apple heart study
  • Figure 10.3 A Biopsychosocial Model of CVD
  • Figure 10.4 Estimated Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Diabetes in the United States by Ethnicity, 2013–2015
  • Figure 10.5 Health Complications Associated with Diabetes
  • A Malignant Tumor
  • Figure 11.1 Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Type and Gender, 2020
  • Figure 11.2 The Risk of Cancer Increases with Age
  • Figure 11.3 12 Different Types of Cancer Associated with Tobacco Use
  • Figure 12.1 Top 10 Causes of Death
  • Prevention of Infectious Disease
  • Figure 12.2 How Antibiotic Resistance Spreads
  • Figure 12.3 The Course of HIV/AIDS
  • Figure 12.4 Global Access to Treatment
  • Figure 12.5 How Stigma Leads to Sickness
  • Figure 12.6 Adjusting to a Chronic Condition
  • Education Aimed at Prevention
  • Patients waiting in the hospital waiting room
  • Figure 13.1 Age, Gender, and Physician Contact
  • Figure 13.2 Stages of Delay in Seeking Medical Attention
  • Telemedicine: Making New Connections
  • Figure 14.1 In a typical year, people experience about 10 different types of pain
  • Figure 14.2 Basic Pain Scales
  • Figure 14.3 Pain Pathways
  • Figure 14.4 Mapping the Somatosensory Cortex
  • Figure 14.5 The Pain-Inhibiting System
  • Figure 14.6 The Gate Control Theory of Pain
  • Figure 14.7 Neuromatrix
  • TENS
  • Figure 14.8 Areas of the Brain Involved in Processing Pain and Regulating Emotional and Behavioral Responses
  • Managing Pain with Your Phone
  • Figure 15.1 Placebo Analgesia
  • Brain scan during acupuncture treatment
  • Figure EP.1 Status of the 26 H P 2020 Leading Health Indicators
  • Figure EP.2 Direct and Indirect Effects of Stress on the Disease Process
  • Figure EP.3 Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)
  • Figure EP.4 Quality of Health by Ethnic Group
  • Figure EP.5 Health Care Rankings of 11 Developed Countries
  • Back cover
• Back Cover

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