Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Preface
• About the companion website
• Chapter 1: Introduction
  • 1.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.2 BEGINNINGS
  • 1.3 GEOCHEMISTRY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
  • 1.4 THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
  • 1.5 ELEMENTS, ATOMS, CRYSTALS, AND CHEMICAL BONDS: SOME CHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS
  • 1.6 A BRIEF LOOK AT THE EARTH
  • 1.7 A LOOK AHEAD
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • NOTES
• Chapter 2: Energy, entropy, and fundamental thermodynamic concepts
  • 2.1 THE THERMODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
  • 2.2 THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND EQUILIBRIUM
  • 2.3 EQUATIONS OF STATE
  • 2.4 TEMPERATURE, ABSOLUTE ZERO, AND THE ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
  • 2.5 ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
  • 2.6 THE SECOND LAW AND ENTROPY
  • 2.7 ENTHALPY
  • 2.8 HEAT CAPACITY
  • 2.9 THE THIRD LAW AND ABSOLUTE ENTROPY
  • 2.10 CALCULATING ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY CHANGES
  • 2.11 FREE ENERGY
  • 2.12 THE MAXWELL RELATIONS*
  • 2.13 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 3: Solutions and thermodynamics of multicomponent systems
  • 3.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 3.2 PHASE EQUILIBRIA
  • 3.3 SOLUTIONS
  • 3.4 CHEMICAL POTENTIAL
  • 3.5 IDEAL SOLUTIONS
  • 3.6 REAL SOLUTIONS
  • 3.7 ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS
  • 3.8 IDEAL SOLUTIONS IN CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS AND THEIR ACTIVITIES
  • 3.9 EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS
  • 3.10 PRACTICAL APPROACH TO ELECTROLYTE EQUILIBRIUM
  • 3.11 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION
  • 3.12 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 4: Applications of thermodynamics to the Earth
  • 4.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 4.2 ACTIVITIES IN NONIDEAL SOLID SOLUTIONS
  • 4.3 EXSOLUTION PHENOMENA
  • 4.4 THERMODYNAMICS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS
  • 4.5 GEOTHERMOMETRY AND GEOBAROMETRY
  • 4.6 THERMODYNAMIC MODELS OF MAGMAS
  • 4.7 REPRISE: THERMODYNAMICS OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS
  • 4.8 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 5: Kinetics: the pace of things
  • 5.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 5.2 REACTION KINETICS
  • 5.3 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
  • 5.4 DIFFUSION
  • 5.5 SURFACES, INTERFACES, AND INTERFACE PROCESSES
  • 5.6 KINETICS OF DISSOLUTION
  • 5.7 DIAGENESIS
  • 5.8 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 6: Aquatic chemistry
  • 6.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 6.2 ACID–BASE REACTIONS
  • 6.3 COMPLEXATION
  • 6.4 DISSOLUTION AND PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
  • 6.5 CLAYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
  • 6.6 MINERAL SURFACES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH SOLUTIONS
  • 6.7 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 7: Trace elements in igneous processes
  • 7.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 7.2 BEHAVIOR OF THE ELEMENTS
  • 7.3 DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE ELEMENTS BETWEEN COEXISTING PHASES
  • 7.4 FACTORS GOVERNING THE VALUE OF PARTITION COEFFICIENTS
  • 7.5 CRYSTAL-FIELD EFFECTS
  • 7.6 TRACE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION DURING PARTIAL MELTING
  • 7.7 TRACE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION DURING CRYSTALLIZATION
  • 7.8 SUMMARY OF TRACE ELEMENT VARIATIONS DURING MELTING AND CRYSTALLIZATION
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 8: Radiogenic isotope geochemistry
  • 8.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 8.2 PHYSICS OF THE NUCLEUS AND THE STRUCTURE OF NUCLEI
  • 8.3 BASICS OF RADIOGENIC ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOCHRONOLOGY
  • 8.4 DECAY SYSTEMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
  • 8.5 “EXTINCT” AND COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES
  • 8.6 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 9: Stable isotope geochemistry
  • 9.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 9.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
  • 9.3 ISOTOPE GEOTHERMOMETRY
  • 9.4 ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION IN THE HYDROLOGIC SYSTEM
  • 9.5 ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
  • 9.6 PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
  • 9.7 HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS AND ORE DEPOSITS
  • 9.8 MASS-INDEPENDENT SULFUR ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION AND THE RISE OF ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN
  • 9.9 STABLE ISOTOPES IN THE MANTLE AND MAGMATIC SYSTEMS
  • 9.10 NONTRADITIONAL STABLE ISOTOPES
  • 9.11 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 10: The big picture: cosmochemistry
  • 10.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 10.2 IN THE BEGINNING … NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
  • 10.3 METEORITES: ESSENTIAL CLUES TO THE BEGINNING
  • 10.4 TIME AND THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
  • 10.5 ASTRONOMICAL AND THEORETICAL CONSTRAINTS ON SOLAR SYSTEM FORMATION
  • 10.6 BUILDING A HABITABLE SOLAR SYSTEM
  • 10.7 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 11: Geochemistry of the solid Earth
  • 11.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 11.2 THE EARTH'S MANTLE
  • 11.3 ESTIMATING MANTLE AND BULK EARTH COMPOSITION
  • 11.4 THE EARTH'S CORE AND ITS COMPOSITION
  • 11.5 MANTLE GEOCHEMICAL RESERVOIRS
  • 11.6 THE CRUST
  • 11.7 SUBDUCTION ZONE PROCESSES
  • 11.8 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 12: Organic geochemistry, the carbon cycle, and climate
  • 12.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 12.2 A BRIEF BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
  • 12.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR NOMENCLATURE
  • 12.4 THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE: IMPORTANT BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • 12.5 ORGANIC MATTER IN NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
  • 12.6 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES
  • 12.7 SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER
  • 12.8 PETROLEUM AND COAL FORMATION
  • 12.9 THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE
  • 12.10 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 13: The land surface: weathering, soils, and streams
  • 13.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 13.2 REDOX IN NATURAL WATERS
  • 13.3 WEATHERING, SOILS, AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
  • 13.4 WEATHERING RATES
  • 13.5 THE COMPOSITION OF RIVERS
  • 13.6 CONTINENTAL SALINE WATERS
  • 13.7 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 14: The ocean as a chemical system
  • 14.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 14.2 SOME BACKGROUND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS
  • 14.3 COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER
  • 14.4 SOURCES AND SINKS OF DISSOLVED MATTER IN SEAWATER
  • 14.5 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Chapter 15: Applied geochemistry
  • 15.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 15.2 MINERAL RESOURCES
  • 15.3 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY
  • 15.4 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • PROBLEMS
  • NOTES
• Appendix: Constants, units and conversions
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONSTANTS
  • THE EARTH
  • SI UNITS AND CONVERSIONS
  • SI PREFIXES
• Index
  • LIST OF EXAMPLES
• End User License Agreement

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