Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright page
• Dedication page
• List of Illustrations
• List of Tables
• Table of Cases
  • 1. Court of Justice of the European Union
    • (a) European Court of Justice: Cases (numerical)
    • (b) European Court of Justice: Cases (alphabetical)
    • (c) European Court of Justice: Opinions (numerical)
    • (d) General Court: Cases (numerical)
  • 2. Other jurisdictions
    • (a) European Court of Human Rights: Cases (chronological)
    • (b) National Constitutional Courts: Cases (chronological)
      • Canada
      • Denmark
      • Germany
      • USA
• Table of Union Primary Law
• Table of Union Secondary Law
  • 1. EU Regulations (numerical)
  • 2. EU Directives (numerical)
  • 3. EU Decisions (numerical)
  • 4. International Agreements (alphabetical)
• List of Abbreviations
• Acknowledgements
• New to this Third Edition
• Introduction: The European Constitution
• Part I Constitutional Foundations
  • 1 Constitutional History: From Paris to Lisbon
    • Introduction
    • 1. From Paris to Rome: The European Coal and Steel Community
      • a. The Supranational Structure of the ECSC
      • b. The (Failed) European Defence Community
    • 2. From Rome to Maastricht: The European (Economic) Community
      • a. Normative Supranationalism: The Nature of European Law
      • b. Decisional Supranationalism: The Governmental Structure
      • c. Intergovernmental Developments Outside the EEC
      • d. Supranational and Intergovernmental Reforms through the Single European Act
    • 3. From Maastricht to Nice: The (Old) European Union
      • a. The Temple Structure: The Three Pillars of the (Maastricht) Union
        • aa. The First Pillar: The European Communities
        • bb. The Second Pillar: Common Foreign and Security Policy
        • cc. The Third Pillar: Justice and Home Affairs
      • b. A Decade of ‘Constitutional Bricolage’: Amsterdam and Nice
        • aa. The Amsterdam Treaty: Dividing the Third Pillar
        • bb. The Nice Treaty: Limited Institutional Reform
    • 4. From Nice to Lisbon: The (New) European Union
      • a. The (Failed) Constitutional Treaty: Formal ‘Total Revision’
      • b. The Lisbon Treaty: Substantive ‘Total Revision’
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 2 Constitutional Nature: A Federation of States
    • Introduction
    • 1. The American Tradition: Federalism as (Inter)national Law
      • a. Madisonian Federalism: Three Analytical Dimensions
      • b. The ‘Mixed Constitution’ and the Sovereignty Question
    • 2. The German Tradition: International versus National Law
      • a. Conceptual Polarization: ‘Confederation’ versus ‘Federation’
      • b. Early Criticism: The (Missing) Federal Genus
    • 3. The European Union in the Light of the American Tradition
      • a. Foundational Dimension: Europe’s ‘Constitutional Treaties’
      • b. Institutional Dimension: A European Union of States and People(s)
      • c. Functional Dimension: The Division of Powers in Europe
      • d. Overall Classification: The European Union on Federal ‘Middle Ground’
    • 4. The European Union in the Light of the German Tradition
      • a. The sui generis ‘Theory’: The ‘Incomparable’ European Union
      • b. The International Law Theory: The ‘Maastricht Decision’
      • c. Europe’s Statist Tradition Unearthed: Three Constitutional Denials
      • d. Excursus: Europe’s ‘Democratic Deficit’ as a ‘False Problem’?
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 3 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions I
    • Introduction
    • 1. The ‘Separation-of-Powers’ Principle and the European Union
    • 2. The European Parliament
      • a. Formation: Electing Parliament
        • aa. Parliament’s Size and Composition
        • bb. Members of the European Parliament and Political Parties
      • b. Internal Structure: Parliamentary Organs
      • c. The Plenary: Decision-Making and Voting
      • d. Parliamentary Powers
        • aa. Legislative Powers
        • bb. Budgetary Powers
        • cc. Supervisory Powers
        • dd. Elective Powers
    • 3. The European Council
      • a. The President of the European Council
      • b. The European Council: Functions and Powers
    • 4. The Council of Ministers
      • a. The Council: Composition and Configurations
      • b. Internal Structure and Organs
        • aa. The Presidency of the Council
        • bb. ‘Coreper’ and Specialized Committees
        • cc. Excursus: The High Representative of Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
      • c. Decision-Making and Voting
      • d. Functions and Powers
  • 4 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions II
    • 1. The Commission
      • a. Composition and Structure
        • aa. The President and ‘Her’ College
        • bb. The Commission’s Administrative Organs
      • b. Decision-Making Within the Commission
      • c. Functions and Powers of the Commission
      • d. Excursus: European Agencies and the Commission
        • aa. European Agencies: Functions
        • bb. European Agencies: Structure
    • 2. The Court of Justice of the European Union
      • a. Judicial Architecture: The European Court System
        • aa. The Court of Justice: Composition and Structure
        • bb. The Advocate General: Office and Function
        • cc. The General Court: Composition and Structure
        • dd. The ‘Specialised Court(s)’: The Civil Service Tribunal
      • b. Judicial Procedure(s)
      • c. Judicial Reasoning: Methods of Interpretation
      • d. Jurisdiction and Judicial Powers
    • 3. The European Central Bank
      • a. The Special Status of the ECB
      • b. Organs and Administrative Structure
      • c. Internal Divisions and Decision-Making
      • d. Functions and Powers
    • 4. The Court of Auditors
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 5 European Law I: Nature—Direct Effect
    • Introduction
    • 1. Primary Union Law: The Effect of the Treaties
      • a. Direct Effect: From Strict to Lenient Test
      • b. Dimensions: Vertical and Horizontal Direct Effect
    • 2. Direct Union Law: Regulations and Decisions
      • a. Regulations: The ‘Legislative’ Instrument
        • aa. General Application in All Member States
        • bb. Direct Application and Direct Effect
      • b. Decisions: The Executive Instrument
        • aa. Specifically Addressed Decisions
        • bb. Non-Addressed Decisions
    • 3. Indirect Union Law: Directives
      • a. Direct Effect and Directives: Conditions and Limits
        • aa. The No-Horizontal-Direct-Effect Rule
        • bb. The Limitation to the Rule: The Wide Definition of State (Actions)
        • cc. The Exception to the Rule: Incidental Horizontal Direct Effect
      • b. Indirect Effects Through National and (Primary) European Law
        • aa. The Doctrine of Consistent Interpretation of National Law
        • bb. Indirect Effects through the Medium of European Law
    • 4. External Union Law: International Agreements
      • a. The Conditions of Direct Effect
      • b. The Dimensions of Direct Effect
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 6 European Law II: Nature—Primacy/Pre-emption
    • Introduction
    • 1. The European Perspective: Absolute Primacy
      • a. The Absolute Scope of the Primacy Principle
        • aa. Primacy over Internal Laws of the Member States
        • bb. Primacy over International Treaties of the Member States
      • b. The ‘Executive’ Nature of Primacy: Disapplication, Not Invalidation
    • 2. The National Perspective: Relative Primacy
      • a. Fundamental Rights Limits: The ‘So-Long’ Jurisprudence
      • b. Competence Limits I: From Maastricht to Mangold
      • c. Competence Limits II: National Constitutional Identities
    • 3. Legislative Pre-emption: Nature and Effect
      • a. Field Pre-emption
      • b. Obstacle Pre-emption
      • c. Rule Pre-emption
    • 4. Constitutional Limits to Union Pre-emption
      • a. Union Instruments and Their Pre-emptive Capacity
        • aa. The Pre-emptive Capacity of Regulations
        • bb. The Pre-emptive Capacity of Directives
        • cc. The Pre-emptive Capacity of International Agreements
      • b. Excursus: Competence Limits to Pre-emption
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
• Part II Governmental Powers
  • 7 Legislative Powers: Competences and Procedures
    • Introduction
    • 1. The Scope of Union Competences
      • a. Teleological Interpretation
      • b. The General Competences of the Union
        • aa. The Internal Market Competence: Article 114
        • bb. The Residual Competence: Article 352
    • 2. Categories of Union Competences
      • a. Exclusive Competences: Article 3
      • b. Shared Competences: Article 4
        • aa. General Considerations
        • bb. Minimum Harmonization Competences
      • c. Coordinating Competences: Article 5
      • d. Complementary Competences: Article 6
    • 3. Legislative Procedures: Ordinary and Special
      • a. The ‘Ordinary’ Legislative Procedure
        • aa. Constitutional Text: Formal Procedure
        • bb. Constitutional Practice: Informal Trilogues
      • b. The ‘Special’ Legislative Procedures
    • 4. The Principle of Subsidiarity
      • a. Subsidiarity as a Political Safeguard of Federalism
      • b. Subsidiarity as a Judicial Safeguard of Federalism
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 8 External Powers: Competences and Procedures
    • Introduction
    • 1. The External Competences of the Union
      • a. The Common Foreign and Security Policy
      • b. The Union’s Special External Powers
      • c. A ‘Residual’ Treaty Power: From ERTA to Article 216
        • aa. ERTA and the Doctrine of Implied Powers
        • bb. Article 216: Codifying ERTA?
      • d. The Relationship Between the CFSP and the Special Competences
    • 2. The Nature of External Competences
      • a. The sui generis Nature of the CFSP Competence
      • b. Article 3(2): Subsequently Exclusive Treaty Powers
        • aa. Three Lines of Exclusivity: Codifying Constitutional Practice?
        • bb. Subsequent Exclusivity: A Critical Analysis
    • 3. External Decision-Making Procedures
      • a. CFSP Decision-Making Procedures
        • aa. Institutional Actors and Institutional Balance
        • bb. Voting Arrangements in the Council
      • b. The (Ordinary) Treaty-Making Procedure
        • aa. Initiation and Negotiation
        • bb. Signing and Conclusion
        • cc. Modification, Suspension (and Termination)
        • dd. Union Succession to Member State Agreements
    • 4. Sharing External Power: Constitutional Safeguards of Federalism
      • a. Mixed Agreements: An International and Political Safeguard
      • b. The Duty of Cooperation: An Internal and Judicial Safeguard
        • aa. Member States as ‘Trustees of the Union’
        • bb. ‘Reversed’ Subsidiarity: Restrictions on the Exercise of Shared State Competences
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 9 Executive Powers: Competences and Procedures
    • Introduction
    • 1. Governmental Powers: The Union’s Dual Executive
      • a. The Legal Instruments of Political Leadership
      • b. The Informal Procedure(s) of Government
    • 2. Lawmaking Powers: Delegated and Implementing Acts
      • a. The Delegation of ‘Legislative’ Power: Article 290
        • aa. Delegated Acts: Amending or Supplementing
        • bb. Judicial Safeguards: Constitutional Limits to Delegated Acts
        • cc. Political Safeguards: Control Rights of the Union Legislator
      • b. The ‘Conferral’ of Executive Power: Article 291
      • c. The Choice Between Articles 290 and 291
      • d. Delegating ‘Implementing’ Power to European Agencies
    • 3. Administrative Powers I: Centralized Enforcement
      • a. The Scope of EU Administrative Competences
      • b. The Nature of EU Administrative Competences
        • aa. Shared Competences and the European Commission
        • bb. Shared Competences and European Agencies
    • 4. Administrative Powers II: Decentralized Enforcement
      • a. Executive Federalism: Basic Principles
        • aa. Limits to National Administrative Autonomy
        • bb. The Effects of National Administrative Acts
      • b. Mixed Administration: Co-Administration by the Union and the States
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 10 Judicial Powers I: (Centralized) European Procedures
    • Introduction
    • 1. Annulment Powers: Judicial Review
      • a. The Existence of a ‘Reviewable’ Act
      • b. Legitimate Grounds for Review
        • aa. ‘Formal’ and ‘Substantive’ Grounds
        • bb. In Particular: The Proportionality Principle
      • c. Legal Standing Before the European Court
        • aa. The Rome Formulation and its Judicial Interpretation
        • bb. The Lisbon Formulation and its Interpretative Problems
      • d. The Indirect Review of European Law
        • aa. Collateral Review: The Plea of Illegality
        • bb. Indirect Review Through Preliminary Rulings
    • 2. Remedial Powers: Liability Actions
      • a. Procedural Conditions: From Dependent to Independent Action
      • b. Substantive Conditions: From Schöppenstedt to Bergaderm
    • 3. Adjudicatory Powers I: Enforcement Actions
      • a. Enforcement Actions Against Member States
        • aa. The Procedural Conditions under Article 258
        • bb. Judicial Enforcement Through Financial Sanctions
      • b. Enforcement Actions Against the Union: Failure to Act
    • 4. Adjudicatory Powers II: Preliminary Rulings
      • a. Paragraph 1: The Jurisdiction of the European Court
      • b. Paragraph 2: The Conditions for a Preliminary Ruling
        • aa. ‘Who’: National Courts and Tribunals
        • bb. ‘What’: Necessary Questions
      • c. Paragraph 3: The Obligation to Refer and ‘acte clair’
      • d. The Legal Nature of Preliminary Rulings
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 11 Judicial Powers II: (Decentralized) National Procedures
    • Introduction
    • 1. The Equivalence Principle
      • a. Non-Discrimination: Extending National Remedies
      • b. ‘Similar’ Actions: The Equivalence Test
    • 2. The Effectiveness Principle
      • a. The Historical Evolution of the Effectiveness Standard
        • aa. First Period: Judicial Restraint
        • bb. Second Period: Judicial Intervention
        • cc. Third Period: Judicial Balance
      • b. Procedural Limits to the Invocability of European Law
    • 3. The Liability Principle
      • a. State Liability: The Francovich Doctrine
        • aa. The Three Conditions for State Liability
        • bb. State Liability for Judicial Breaches of European Law
      • b. Private Liability: The Courage Doctrine
    • 4. European Harmonization: Judicial Cooperation
      • a. Cooperation and Mutual Recognition in Civil Matters
        • aa. Dividing Competences Between National Courts
        • bb. Mutual Recognition of National Judgments
      • b. Cooperation and Mutual Recognition in Criminal Matters
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
  • 12 Limiting Powers: EU Fundamental Rights
    • Introduction
    • 1. The ‘Unwritten’ Bill of Rights: EU General Principles
      • a. The Birth of EU Fundamental Rights
        • aa. The European Standard: An ‘Autonomous’ Standard
        • bb. Limitations, and ‘Limitations on Limitations’
      • b. United Nations Law: External Limits to European Human Rights?
    • 2. The ‘Written’ Bill of Rights: The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
      • a. The Charter: Structure and Content
        • aa. (Hard) Rights and (Soft) Principles
        • bb. Limitations, and ‘Limitations on Limitations’
      • b. Relations with the European Treaties (and the European Convention)
        • aa. Harmonious Relations with the EU Treaties
        • bb. Harmonious Relations with the European Convention
    • 3. The ‘External’ Bill of Rights: The European Convention on Human Rights
      • a. The European Convention Standard for Union Acts
        • aa. Before Accession: (Limited) Indirect Review
        • bb. After Accession: (Full) Direct Review
      • b. Union Accession to the European Convention: Preconditions
        • aa. Union Accession I: Constitutional Preconditions
        • bb. Union Accession II: Procedural Conditions
    • 4. The ‘Incorporation Doctrine’: EU Fundamental Rights and National Law
      • a. Incorporation and General Principles: Implementation and Derogation
      • b. Incorporation and the EU Charter: Article 51
        • aa. General Rules for All Member States
        • bb. Special Rules for Poland and (previously) the United Kingdom
      • c. EU Human Rights and Private Parties: Beyond State Actions?
      • d. EU Human Rights and National Courts: Mutual Trust and its Limits
    • Conclusion
    • Further Reading
• Conclusion: The Future(s) of the European Union
• Appendix: How to Study European Union Law
  • 1. How to Find the EU Treaties
  • 2. How to Find (and Read) EU Secondary Law
  • 3. How to Find (and Read) EU Court Judgments
  • 4. How to Find EU Academic Resources
  • 5. How to Use the Author’s Companion Webpage
• Index

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).

Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.

Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.

Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.



Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu