Lýsing:
An accessible and comprehensive resource, EU Environmental Law and Policy explains the structure and logic of EU environmental law and enables readers to quickly gain a thorough understanding of the different areas of EU secondary law pertaining to the protection of the environment. This volume explores the institutional, constitutional, and historical premises for the adoption and application of substantive EU environmental law and further expounds upon the dynamics between EU Member States and the EU.
The book additionally provides an introduction to the specific subject areas of EU environmental law through thematic chapters that analyse important topics such as climate and energy, water, and biological diversity. Each area is explained in detail, including a discussion of the specific features that characterize each area and an overview of the main legal acts and case law relevant to the particular area.
Annað
- Höfundar: David Langlet, Said Mahmoudi
- Útgáfudagur: 2016-09-15
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9780191068683
- Print ISBN: 9780198753933
- ISBN 10: 0191068683
Efnisyfirlit
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Preface
- Contents
- Table of Cases
- Table of Legislation
- Other Documents
- List of Abbreviations
- I. Primary Law, Institutional and Historical Premises
- 1. The European Union and Its Structure
- 1.1 The Origin and Development of the European Union
- 1.2 The Nature of the European Union
- 1.3 The Institutional Structure
- 1.3.1 The European Council
- 1.3.2 The Council
- 1.3.3 The Commission
- 1.3.4 The European Parliament
- 1.3.5 The Court
- 1.3.6 The Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions
- 1.4 The EFTA and the EEA
- 1.5 Sources of Law in the European Union
- 1.6 Priority and Direct Effect
- 1.7 Decision-making Procedures
- 1.8 Comitology
- 2. Objectives, Principles, and Resources
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Environment Action Programmes
- 2.2.1 The first four Action Programmes
- 2.2.2 The Fifth Environment Action Programme
- 2.2.3 The Sixth Environment Action Programme
- 2.2.4 The Seventh Environment Action Programme
- 2.3 Environmental Objectives and Policy
- 2.3.1 Historical development
- 2.3.2 Nature and limits of the environmental objectives
- 2.3.3 Geographical limits of EU environmental policy
- 2.4 Pertinent Principles
- 2.4.1 Sustainable development
- 2.4.2 Subsidiarity
- 2.4.3 Proportionality
- 2.4.4 A high level of protection
- 2.4.5 Precaution
- 2.4.6 Preventive action
- 2.4.7 Proximity
- 2.4.8 Polluter-pays principle
- 2.4.9 Integration
- 2.4.10 Sincere cooperation
- 2.4.11 Equal treatment and legal certainty
- 2.5 Institutional Development
- 2.6 Financial Instruments
- 3. Free Movement of Goods and the Room for Member State Action
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Quantitative Restrictions on Trade and Measures Having Equivalent Effect
- 3.3 Legitimising Trade Restrictive Measures
- 3.3.1 Environmental protection as a mandatory requirement
- 3.3.2 Developments since the Danish bottle case
- 3.3.3 Legitimate grounds for exceptions
- 3.3.4 Discrimination
- 3.3.5 Proportionality
- 3.3.6 Acceptable level of protection
- 3.4 Notification of Technical Standards
- 3.5 Environmental Taxes
- 4. Division and Exercise of Competence
- 4.1 Competence and Legal Bases
- 4.2 Environmental Policy as Legal Basis (Article 192 TFEU)
- 4.2.1 Decision-making under Article 192
- 4.2.2 Factors to be taken account of and financing
- 4.2.3 More stringent protective measures
- 4.3 The Internal Market as a Legal Basis (Article 114 TFEU)
- 4.3.1 National provisions derogating from a harmonisation measure
- 4.3.2 New derogating national provisions
- 4.3.3 The Commission’s assessment
- 4.4 Other Legal Bases
- 4.4.1 Agricultural and fisheries policy, Article 43 TFEU
- 4.4.2 Common commercial policy, Articles 206 and 207 TFEU
- 4.4.3 Transport, Article 91 TFEU
- 4.4.4 Energy, Article 194 TFEU
- 4.5 The Extent of the Harmonising Effect
- 4.6 Choice of Legal Basis
- 4.7 The EU’s External Competence
- 4.7.1 Mixed agreements and exclusive competence
- 4.7.2 The status of international agreements in EU law
- 1. The European Union and Its Structure
- 5. Monitoring the Application of Union Environmental Law and Sanctions
- 5.1 Member States’ Obligations
- 5.2 Penalties for Individuals
- 5.3 Implementation of EU Law
- 5.4 The Infringement Procedure
- 5.4.1 Procedure before the Commission
- 5.4.2 Infringement cases before the Court
- 5.4.3 Sanction
- 5.5 Actions for Annulment and for Failure to Act
- 5.6 Preliminary Rulings
- 5.7 Access to Justice for Natural and Legal Persons
- 6. Instruments, Approaches, and Trends in EU Secondary Environmental Law
- 7. Crosscutting Issues
- 7.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- 7.1.1 Introduction
- 7.1.2 The EIA Directive
- 7.1.3 The SEA Directive
- 7.2 Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents (the Seveso Directive)
- 7.3 Ecolabelling
- 7.4 The EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
- 7.5 Access to Information, Public Participation, and Access to Justice
- 7.5.1 Access to environmental information in the Member States
- 7.5.2 Public participation and access to justice in the Member States
- 7.5.3 Access to information, public participation, and access to justice regarding EU institutions and bodies
- 7.6 Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (Inspire)
- 7.7 European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register
- 7.8 Environmental Liability
- 7.8.1. Environmental damage and applicability of the ELD
- 7.8.2 Obligations on operators and authorities
- 7.8.3 Cost recovery
- 7.8.4 Request for action and more protective measures
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED)
- 8.2.1 Annex I activities
- 8.2.2 BAT and emission limit values
- 8.2.3 Permits
- 8.2.4 Closure and remediation
- 8.2.5 Inspections and public participation
- 8.2.6 Special provisions on certain activities
- 8.2.7 Final Provisions
- 9. Air Quality and Noise
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe
- 9.3 National Emission Ceilings for Certain Atmospheric Pollutants
- 9.4 The Clean Air Policy Package
- 9.5 Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
- 9.6 Emissions from Specific Sources
- 9.7 Noise
- 10. Water
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 The Water Framework Directive (WFD)
- 10.2.1 Environmental objectives
- 10.2.2 Exemptions and common implementation
- 10.2.3 Programmes of measures, monitoring, and management
- 10.2.4 Combined approach
- 10.2.5 Recovery of costs
- 10.2.6 Groundwater
- 10.2.7 Priority hazardous substances
- 10.3 Other Legal Acts on Water Protection
- 10.3.1 Urban waste-water treatment
- 10.3.2 Pollution by nitrates from agricultural sources
- 10.3.3 Bathing water quality
- 10.3.4 Water for human consumption
- 10.3.5 Flood risks
- 10.4 The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)
- 10.4.1 Targets, strategies, and monitoring
- 10.4.2 Programmes of measures
- 10.4.3 Exceptions
- 10.5 Ship-related Pollution
- 10.5.1 Ship-source pollution and penalties for infringements
- 10.5.2 Other acts on ship-related pollution
- 10.6 Offshore Oil and Gas Operations
- 10.7 Maritime Spatial Planning
- 11.1 Commitments, Distribution, and Monitoring
- 11.1.1 The climate and energy package
- 11.1.2 The 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework
- 11.1.3 Monitoring, accounting, and reporting
- 11.2 The EU ETS
- 11.2.1 Allocation of allowances
- 11.2.2 Aviation in the EU ETS
- 11.2.3 Issuance, surrender, and transfer of allowances
- 11.3 Sources of Greenhouse Gases Outside the EU ETS
- 11.3.1 Emissions of carbon dioxide from cars
- 11.3.2 Fluorinated greenhouse gases
- 11.4 Energy from Renewable Sources
- 11.5 Carbon Capture and Storage
- 11.6 Energy Efficiency
- 11.7 Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment
- 11.8 Ecodesign of Energy-using Products
- 11.9 Eco Labelling
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 The Framework Directive on Waste
- 12.2.1 The waste hierarchy and waste management
- 12.2.2 The problem of defining waste
- 12.2.3 By-products and end-of-waste
- 12.2.4 Responsibility for waste management and its costs
- 12.2.5 Hazardous waste
- 12.2.6 Waste management plans and waste prevention programmes
- 12.3 Shipments of Waste
- 12.4 Landfill of Waste
- 12.5 Specific Waste Streams
- 12.5.1 Packaging and packaging waste
- 12.5.2 End-of-life vehicles
- 12.5.3 Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
- 12.5.4 Batteries and accumulators
- 12.5.5 PCB/PCT
- 12.5.6 Waste from extractive industries
- 12.5.7 Sludge
- 12.5.8 Ship-generated waste and cargo residues
- 12.5.9 Ship Recycling
- 13. Chemicals
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 REACH
- 13.2.1 Registration
- 13.2.2 Chemical safety report
- 13.2.3 Information in the supply chain
- 13.2.4 Substance evaluation
- 13.2.5 Authorisation and substitution
- 13.2.6 Restrictions
- 13.2.7 Harmonising effect
- 13.2.8 Further provisions
- 13.3 Classification, Labelling, and Packaging
- 13.4 Pesticides
- 13.4.1 Plant protection products
- 13.4.2 Sustainable use of pesticides
- 13.4.3 Maximum residue levels
- 13.4.4 Biocides
- 13.5 Export and Import of Dangerous Chemicals
- 13.6 Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS)
- 13.7 Metallic Mercury
- 13.8 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- 14. Genetically Modified Organisms
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Deliberate Release into the Environment
- 14.2.1 Deliberate release
- 14.2.2 Placing on the market
- 14.2.3 National prohibitions on cultivation
- 14.2.4 Food and feed
- 14.3 Contained Use
- 14.4 Transboundary Movements of GMOs
- 15. Biodiversity
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 The Conservation of Wild Birds
- 15.3 The Habitats Directive
- 15.3.1 Defining areas and species to be protected
- 15.3.2 Designation of areas
- 15.3.3 Protective measures
- 15.4 International Trade in Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
- 15.5 Invasive Species
- 15.6 Other Legal Acts and Strategies Protecting Biological Diversity
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