Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface to First Edition
• Preface to Fourth Edition
• Environmental Chemistry—a Global Perspective
  • 1 Environmental Chemistry
    • 1.1 Environmental chemistry
    • 1.2 Environmental composition
    • 1.3 Chemical processes
    • 1.4 Anthropogenic effects
    • 1.5 Content of the chapters
    • Additional resources
• Part A The Earth’s Atmosphere
  • 2 The Earth’s Atmosphere
    • 2.1 The Earth’s atmosphere—the air we breathe
    • 2.2 Solar influence on the chemical composition of the atmosphere
    • 2.3 Reactions and calculations in atmospheric chemistry
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 3 Stratospheric Chemistry—ozone
    • 3.1 Stratospheric ozone and its relation to Earth processes
    • 3.2 Oxygen-only chemistry—formation and turnover of ozone
    • 3.3 Processes for catalytic decomposition of ozone
    • 3.4 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds
    • 3.5 Kinetic calculations describing catalytic ozone destruction
    • 3.6 Other reactions involving stratospheric ozone
    • 3.7 Antarctic and Arctic ‘ozone hole’ formation
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 4 Tropospheric Chemistry—smog
    • 4.1 What is smog?
    • 4.2 The chemistry of photochemical smog
    • 4.3 Exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 5 Tropospheric Chemistry—Precipitation
    • 5.1 The composition of rain
    • 5.2 Atmospheric production and removal of nitric acid
    • 5.3 Atmospheric production and removal of sulfuric acid
    • 5.4 Acidifying agents in precipitation
    • 5.5 Rain, fog, and snow chemistry—similarities and differences
    • 5.6 The global picture
    • 5.7 Control of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulfur emissions
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 6 Atmospheric Aerosols
    • 6.1 Sources of aerosols—a closer look
    • 6.2 Aerosol concentrations and lifetimes
    • 6.3 Air pollution control for particulate emissions
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 7 Chemistry of Urban and Indoor Atmospheres
    • 7.1 Pollutants in the urban atmosphere
    • 7.2 Indoor air quality
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 8 The Chemistry of Global Climate
    • 8.1 Composition of the Earth’s atmosphere
    • 8.2 Energy balance
    • 8.3 The greenhouse gases and aerosols
    • 8.4 Energy resources
    • 8.5 Greenhouse gases associated with the use of fossil fuels
    • 8.6 Sequestration of carbon dioxide
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
• Part B The Hydrosphere
  • 9 The Hydrosphere
    • 9.1 The global distribution of water
    • 9.2 Physical and chemical properties of water
    • 9.3 Concentration units used for aqueous solutions
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 10 Distribution of Species in Aquatic Systems
    • 10.1 Single variable diagrams
    • 10.2 Two-variable diagrams—pE / pH diagrams
    • 10.3 Measurements of pE
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 11 Gases in Water
    • 11.1 Simple gases
    • 11.2 Gases that react with water
    • 11.3 Alkalinity
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 12 Organic Matter in Water
    • 12.1 Origins of organic matter in water
    • 12.2 Environmental issues related to aqueous organic matter
    • 12.3 Humic material—vital matter in water and soils
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 13 Metals and Semi-Metals in the Hydrosphere
    • 13.1 Metals in the aqueous environment
    • 13.2 Classification of metals
    • 13.3 Types of complexes with metals—metal speciation in the hydrosphere
    • 13.4 Three metals—their behaviour in the hydrosphere
    • 13.5 Metals associated with suspended matter in water
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 14 Environmental Chemistry of Colloids and Surfaces
    • 14.1 Sizes of environmental solid particles
    • 14.2 Surface properties of colloidal materials
    • 14.3 Quantitative descriptions of adsorption I
    • 14.4 Quantitative descriptions of adsorption II
    • 14.5 Quantitative descriptions of adsorption III
    • 14.6 Colloidal material in the natural environment
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 15 Microbiological Processes
    • 15.1 Microbiological processes—the carbon cycle
    • 15.2 Microbiological processes—the nitrogen cycle
    • 15.3 Microbiological processes—the sulfur cycle
    • 15.4 Classification of microorganisms
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 16 Water Pollution and Water Treatment Chemistry
    • 16.1 What is pollution?
    • 16.2 Water quality—guidelines, toxicity, and drinking water treatment
    • 16.3 Wastewater treatment processes—primary and secondary methods
    • 16.4 Wastewater treatment processes—tertiary methods
    • 16.5 Advanced microbiological processes
    • 16.6 Constructed wetlands
    • 16.7 The final products after treatment of wastewater
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
• Part C The Terrestrial Environment
  • 17 The Terrestrial Environment
    • 17.1 Soil formation
    • 17.2 The three-phase complex nature of soil
    • 17.3 Soils and ecosystem services
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 18 Soil Properties
    • 18.1 Physical properties
    • 18.2 Chemical properties
    • 18.3 Soil profiles
    • 18.4 Environmental problems associated with soils
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 19 The Chemistry of Solid Wastes
    • 19.1 Solid wastes from mining and metal production
    • 19.2 Organic wastes
    • 19.3 Mixed urban wastes
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 20 Toxic Organic Chemicals
    • 20.1 Chemical stability of organic compounds
    • 20.2 Mobility of organic compounds
    • 20.3 Leachability
    • Additional resources
    • Problems
  • 21 The Future Earth
• Appendices
  • A.1 Properties of the Earth
  • A.2 Properties of air and water
  • A.3 Area, biomass, and productivity of ecosystem types
  • B.1 The elements
  • B.2 Thermochemical properties of selected elements and compounds
  • B.3 Mean bond enthalpies ΔH / kJ mol−1 at 298 K
  • B.4 Dissociation constants for acids and bases in aqueous solution at 25°C
  • B.5 Standard redox potentials in aqueous solutions
  • C.1 Fundamental constants
  • C.2 SI prefixes and fundamental geometric relations
  • D.1 Visual MINTEQ 3.1 for Windows
• Index

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