Efnisyfirlit

• Instructions for online access
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Inside Front Cover
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contributors
• A Note from Catherine Goodman
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Section I: Introduction to the Screening Process
  • Chapter 1. Introduction to Screening for Referral in Physical Therapy
    • The Use of Yellow or Red Flags
    • Evidence-Based Practice
    • Statistics
    • Key Factors to Consider
    • Reasons to Screen
    • Medical Screening Versus Screening for Referral
    • Diagnosis by the Physical Therapist
    • Differential Diagnosis Versus Screening
    • Direct Access and Self-Referral
    • Decision-Making Process
    • Case Examples and Case Studies
    • Physician Referral
    • Red Flag
    • References
    • Screening Tools Appendix
  • Chapter 2. Interviewing as a Screening Tool
    • Concepts in Communication
    • Interviewing Skills
    • Cultural Competence
    • The Screening Interview
    • Client History and Interview
    • Core Interview
    • Hospital Inpatient Information
    • Physician Referral
    • References
  • Chapter 3. Pain Types and Viscerogenic Pain Patterns
    • Mechanisms of Referred Visceral Pain
    • Assessment of Pain and Symptoms
    • Sources of Pain
    • Types of Pain
    • Comparison of Systemic Versus Musculoskeletal Pain Patterns
    • Characteristics of Viscerogenic Pain
    • Screening for Emotional and Psychologic Overlay
    • Screening for Systemic Versus Psychogenic Symptoms
    • Physician Referral
    • Client History and Interview
    • References
  • Chapter 4. Physical Assessment as a Screening Tool
    • General Survey
    • Techniques of Physical Examination
    • Integumentary Screening Examination
    • Musculoskeletal Screening Examination
    • Regional Screening Examination
    • Systems review … or … review of systems?
    • Physician Referral
    • Referral for Imaging
    • References
  • Chapter 5. Screening for Neurologic Conditions
    • References
• Section II: Viscerogenic Causes of Neuromusculoskeletal Pain and Dysfunction
  • Chapter 6. Screening for Hematologic Disease
    • Signs and Symptoms of Hematologic Disorders
    • Classification of Blood Disorders
    • Physician Referral
    • Client History and Interview
    • References
  • Chapter 7. Screening for Cardiovascular Disease
    • Signs and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease
    • Cardiac Pathophysiology
    • Cardiovascular Disorders
    • Laboratory Values
    • Screening for the Effects of Cardiovascular Medications
    • Physician Referral
    • Noncardiac Chest Pain Patterns
    • Client History and Interview
    • References
  • Chapter 8. Screening for Pulmonary Disease
    • Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disorders
    • Inflammatory/Infectious Disease
    • Genetic Disease of the Lung
    • Occupational Lung Diseases
    • Pleuropulmonary Disorders
    • Physician Referral
    • Client History and Interview
    • References
  • Chapter 9. Screening for Gastrointestinal Disease
    • Signs and Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Disorders
    • Gastrointestinal Disorders
    • Physician Referral
    • Client History and Interview
    • References
  • Chapter 10. Screening for Hepatic and Biliary Disease
    • Hepatic and Biliary Signs and Symptoms
    • Hepatic and Biliary Pathophysiology
    • Gallbladder and Duct Diseases
    • Physician Referral
    • Key Points to Remember
    • Client History and Interview
    • Case Study
    • Practice Questions
    • References
  • Chapter 11. Screening for Urogenital Disease
    • The Urinary Tract
    • Introduction to Screening for Urogenital Disease
    • Signs and Symptoms of Renal and Urologic Disorders
    • Renal and Urinary Tract Problems
    • Physician Referral
    • ■ Key Points to Remember
    • Client History and Interview
    • Case Study
    • References
  • Chapter 12. Screening for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease
    • EndocrinE-Associated Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Signs and Symptoms
    • Introduction to Metabolism
    • Client History and Interview
    • References
  • Chapter 13. Screening for Immunologic DiseaseErin Green and William Garcia
    • Using the Screening Model
    • Past Medical History
    • Risk Factor Assessment
    • Clinical Presentation
    • Associated Signs and Symptoms
    • Review of Systems
    • Immune System Pathophysiology
    • Differential Diagnosis
    • Physician Referral
    • ■ Key Points to Remember
    • Client History and Interview
    • Case Study
    • References
  • Chapter 14. Screening for Cancer
    • Cancer Statistics
    • Risk Factor Assessment
    • Cancer Prevention
    • Major Types of Cancer
    • Resources
    • Metastases
    • Clinical Manifestations of Malignancy
    • Oncologic Pain
    • Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
    • Cancers of the Musculoskeletal System
    • Primary Central Nervous System Tumors
    • Cancers of the Blood and Lymph System
    • Physician Referral
    • ■ Key Points to Remember
    • Client History and Interview
    • Case Study
    • Practice Questions
    • References
• Section III: Systemic Origins of Neuromusculoskeletal Pain and Dysfunction
  • Chapter 15. Screening the Head, Neck, and Back
    • Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Head, Neck, or Back
    • Location of Pain and Symptoms
    • Sources of Pain and Symptoms
    • Screening for Oncologic Causes of Back Pain
    • Screening for Cardiac Causes of Neck and Back Pain
    • Screening for Peripheral Vascular Causes of Back Pain
    • Screening for Pulmonary Causes of Neck and Back Pain
    • Screening for Renal and Urologic Causes of Back Pain
    • Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Back Pain
    • Screening for Liver and Biliary Causes of Back Pain
    • Screening for Gynecologic Causes of Back Pain
    • Screening for Male Reproductive Causes of Back Pain
    • Screening for Infectious Causes of Back Pain
    • Physician Referral
    • Client History and Interview
    • References
  • Chapter 16. Screening the Sacrum, Sacroiliac, and Pelvis
    • The Sacrum and Sacroiliac Joint
    • The Coccyx
    • The Pelvis
    • Physician Referral
    • ■ Key Points to Remember
    • Sacrum/Sacroiliac Joint
    • Pelvis
    • Client History and Interview
    • Practice Questions
    • Case Study
    • References
  • Chapter 17. Screening the Lower Quadrant: Buttock, Hip, Groin, Thigh, and Leg
    • Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Lower Quadrant
    • Trauma as a Cause of Hip, Groin, or Lower Quadrant Pain
    • Screening for Systemic Causes of Sciatica
    • Screening for Oncologic Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
    • Screening for Urologic Causes of Buttock, Hip, Groin, or Thigh Pain
    • Screening for Reproductive Causes of Groin Pain
    • Screening for Infectious and Inflammatory Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
    • Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
    • Screening for Vascular Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
    • Screening for Other Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
    • Physician Referral
    • ■ Key Points to Remember
    • Client History and Interview
    • Case Study
    • Practice Questions
    • References
  • Chapter 18. Screening the Chest, Breasts, and Ribs
    • Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Chest, Breasts, or RIBS
    • Screening for Oncologic Causes of Chest or RIB Pain
    • Screening for Cardiovascular Causes of Chest, Breast, or RIB Pain
    • Screening for Pleuropulmonary Causes of Chest, Breast, or RIB Pain
    • Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Chest, Breast, or RIB Pain
    • Screening for Breast Conditions that Cause Chest or Breast Pain
    • Screening for other Conditions as a Cause of Chest, Breast, or RIB Pain
    • Screening for Musculoskeletal Causes of Chest, Breast, or RIB Pain
    • Screening for Neuromuscular or Neurologic Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
    • Physician Referral
    • ■ Key Points to Remember
    • Client History and Interview
    • Case Study
    • Practice Questions
    • References
  • Chapter 19. Screening the Shoulder and Upper Extremity
    • Using the Screening Model to Evaluate Shoulder and Upper Extremity
    • Screening for Pulmonary Causes of Shoulder Pain
    • Screening for Cardiovascular Causes of Shoulder Pain
    • Screening for Renal Causes of Upper Quadrant/Shoulder Pain
    • Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Shoulder Pain
    • Screening for Liver and Biliary Causes of Shoulder/Upper Quadrant Symptoms
    • Screening for Rheumatic Causes of Shoulder Pain
    • Screening for Infectious Causes of Shoulder Pain
    • Screening for Oncologic Causes of Shoulder Pain
    • Screening for Gynecologic Causes of Shoulder Pain
    • Physician Referral
    • ■ Key Points to Remember
    • Client History and Interview
    • Case Study
    • Practice Questions
    • References
• Appendix A-1 Quick Screen Checklist
  • Follow-Up Questions
  • Past Medical History
  • Risk Factors (Partial List)
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Associated Signs and Symptoms
  • Other Tests and Measures
  • Final Step: Perform a Review of Systems
• Appendix A-2 Red Flags
  • Past Medical History (Personal or Family)
  • Risk Factors
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Pain Pattern
  • Neurologic Signs and Symptoms
  • Associated Signs and Symptoms
  • Follow-Up Questions
• Appendix A-3 Systemic Causes of Joint Pain
• Appendix A-4 The Referral Process
  • Follow-Up Questions
  • Follow-Up Questions
  • Follow-Up Questions
  • Follow-Up Questions
  • Follow-Up Questions
• Appendix B-1 Screening for Alcohol Abuse: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Questionnaire
  • AUDIT Questionnaire
  • Key
• Appendix B-2 Screening for Alcohol Abuse: CAGE Questionnaire
  • Alcohol-Related Screening Questions
• Appendix B-3 Assault, Intimate Partner Abuse, or Domestic Violence
  • Follow-up Questions (APTA, 2005)
  • References
• Appendix B-4 Screening Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Appendix B-5 Screening Bladder Function
  • Changes in Bladder Function
  • For Women
  • For Men (see also Appendix: Special Questions Prostate)
  • For Stress Incontinence
  • For Overactive Bladder (Urge Incontinence)
  • For Functional Incontinence
• Appendix B-6 Screening Bowel Function
• Appendix B-7 Screening the Breast
• Appendix B-8 Special Questions to Ask: Chest/Thorax
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Neurologic
  • Pulmonary
  • Cardiac
  • Epigastric
• Appendix B-9 Screening for Depression/Anxiety (See also Appendix B-10, Screening for Depression in Older Adults)
• Appendix B-10 Screening for Depression in Older Adults
  • Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form)
• Appendix B-11 Screening for Dizziness
  • For the Therapist
• Appendix B-12 Screening for Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath [SOB]; Dyspnea on Exertion [DOE])
  • For the Therapist
• Appendix B-13A Screening for Eating Disorders
• Appendix B-13B Resources for Screening for Eating Disorders
• Appendix B-14 Screening Environmental and Work History
  • When to Survey
  • Quick Survey
  • Follow-up
• Appendix B-15 Screening for Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)
• Appendix B-16 Screening Questions for Gastrointestinal (GI) Problems
• Appendix B-17 Screening Headaches
  • History
  • Site
  • Onset
  • Frequency
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Description
  • Pattern
  • Aggravating Factors
  • Relieving Factors
  • Associated Symptoms
  • For the Therapist
• Appendix B-18 Screening Joint Pain (see also Appendix A-3: Systemic Causes of Joint Pain)
  • For the Client With Sudden Onset of Joint Pain
  • To the Therapist
  • Quick Occupational/Work Survey
• Appendix B-19 Screening Questions for Kidney and Urinary Tract Impairment
  • Observations
• Appendix B-20 Screening for Liver (Hepatic) Impairment
  • To the Therapist
• Appendix B-21 Screening Questions Regarding Soft Tissue Lumps or Skin Lesions
• Appendix B-22 Screening Lymph Nodes
• Appendix B-23 Screening for Medications
  • Follow-Up Questions
• Appendix B-24 Screening for Men Experiencing Back, Hip, Pelvic, Groin, or Sacroiliac Pain
  • To the Therapist
• Appendix B-25 Screening Night Pain
• Appendix B-26 Screening for Side Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Ask About the Presence of Gastrointestinal Signs and Symptoms
  • Timing of Symptoms
  • Visual Inspection
• Appendix B-27 Screening for Unusual Odors
  • If you Suspect Urinary Incontinence
  • If you Suspect Fecal Incontinence
  • If you Detect Breath Odor
• Appendix B-28 Screening Pain
  • Location of Pain
  • Description of Pain
  • Frequency and Duration of Pain
  • Pattern of Pain
  • Aggravating and Relieving Factors
  • Associated Symptoms
  • Are you Having any Pain Anywhere Else in Your Body?
  • Anxiety/Depression
  • Joint Pain
  • Night Pain
  • Psychogenic Source of Symptoms
• Appendix B-29 Screening for Palpitations (Chest or Heart)
  • To the Therapist
• Appendix B-30 Screening for Prostate Problems
  • Prostatitis
  • Enlarged Prostate
• Appendix B-31 Screening for Psychogenic Source of Symptoms
  • For the Therapist
• Appendix B-32A Taking a Sexual History
• Appendix B-32B Taking a Sexual History
  • For Women with Low Back, Pelvic, or Sacral Pain of Unknown Cause
  • For Men with Sciatica, Pelvic, Sacral, or Low Back Pain
  • To the Therapist
• Appendix B-33 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases as a Risk Factor for Other Diseases
  • Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
  • Special Questions to Ask
  • For the Client with Sudden Onset of Joint Pain (Reiter’s syndrome; see also Appendix: B-18 Special Questions to Ask: Joint Pain)
  • Physician Referral
• Appendix B-34 Special Questions to Ask: Shoulder and Upper Extremity
  • General Systemic
  • Cardiac
  • Pulmonary
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Gynecologic
  • Urologic
  • Trauma
• Appendix B-35 Screening Sleep Patterns
  • For Those Reporting Pain at Night
• Appendix B-36 Screening for Substance Use/Abuse
• Appendix B-37 Women Experiencing Back, Hip, Pelvic, Groin, Sacroiliac (SI), or Sacral Pain
  • Past Medical History
  • Menstrual History
  • For the Young Female Adolescent/Athlete
  • Reproductive History
• Appendix C-1 Family/Personal History
• Appendix C-2 Outpatient Physical/Occupational Therapy Intake
• Appendix C-3 Patient Entry Questionnaire
• Appendix C-4A OSPRO-YF Assessment Tool
• Appendix C-4B Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Red Flag Symptom Item Bank
• Appendix C-5A Wells’ Clinical Decision Rule for DVT
  • Key
• Appendix C-5B Simplified Wells’ Criteria for the Clinical Assessment of Pulmonary Embolism
• Appendix C-5C Possible Predictors of Upper Extremity DVT
• Appendix C-6 Osteoporosis Screening Evaluation
• Appendix C-7 Pain Assessment Record Form
• Appendix C-8 Risk Factor Assessmentfor Skin Cancer
• Appendix C-9 Examining a Skin Lesion or Mass
• Appendix D-1 Guide to Physical Assessment in a Screening Examination
• Appendix D-2 Extremity ExaminationChecklist
• Appendix D-3 Hand and Nail Bed Assessment
  • Observe the Hands for:
  • Observe the Fingers and Toenails for:
• Appendix D-4 Peripheral VascularAssessment
  • Inspection
  • Palpation
  • Arterial Insufficiency of Extremities
  • Venous Insufficiency of Extremities
  • Special (Quick Screening) Tests
• Answers to Practice Questions
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4
  • Chapter 5
  • Chapter 6
  • Chapter 7
  • Chapter 8
  • Chapter 9
  • Chapter 10
  • Chapter 11
  • Chapter 12
  • Chapter 13
  • Chapter 14
  • Chapter 15
  • Chapter 16
  • Chapter 17
  • Chapter 18
  • Chapter 19
• Index
• Inside Back Cover

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