Efnisyfirlit

• Preface
• Contents
• Part One: Concepts Of Crime, Law, And Criminology
  • Chapter 1: Crime And Criminology
    • What Is Criminology?
      • Criminology And Criminal Justice
      • Criminology And Deviant Behavior
    • What Criminologists Do: Criminology In Action
      • Criminal Statistics And Crime Measurement
      • Socio-Legal Studies
      • Theory Construction And Testing
      • Criminal Behavior Systems And Crime Typologies
      • Punishment, Penology, And Social Control
      • Victimology: Victims And Victimization
    • How Criminologists View Crime
      • The Consensus View Of Crime
      • The Conflict View Of Crime
      • The Interactionist View Of Crime
      • Defining Crime
    • Crime And The Law
      • A Brief History Of The Law
      • Common Law
      • The Law In Contemporary Society
      • Shaping The Criminal Law
      • The Substantive Criminal Law
      • The Elements Of Criminal Law
      • Criminal Defenses
      • The Evolution Of Criminal Law
    • Ethical Issues In Criminology
      • Who To Study?
      • What To Study?
      • How To Study?
  • Chapter 2: The Nature And Extent Of Crime
    • Primary Sources Of Crime Data
      • Official Records: The Uniform Crime Report
      • Compiling The Uniform Crime Report
      • Are The Uniform Crime Reports Valid?
      • The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
      • Survey Research
      • The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
      • Self-Report Surveys
      • Evaluating The Primary Sources Of Crime Data
    • Secondary Sources Of Crime Data
      • Cohort Research
      • Experimental Research
      • Observational And Interview Research
      • Meta-Analysis And Systematic Review
      • Data Mining
      • Crime Mapping
    • Crime Trends
      • Official Crime Trends
      • Victimization Trends
      • Trends In Self-Reporting
      • International Crime Trends
      • What The Future Holds
    • Crime Patterns
      • The Ecology Of Crime
      • Use Of Firearms
      • Social Class, Socioeconomic Conditions, And Crime
      • Age And Crime
      • Co-offending And Crime
      • Gender And Crime
      • Race And Crime
      • Cultural Bias
      • Economic And Social Disparity
      • Immigration And Crime
      • Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers
  • Chapter 3: Victims And Victimization
    • Problems Of Crime Victims
      • Economic Costs
      • Individual Costs
      • The Cycle Of Violence
    • The Nature Of Victimization
      • The Social Ecology Of Victimization
      • The Victim’s Household
      • Victim Characteristics
      • Victims And Their Criminals
    • Theories Of Victimization
      • Victim Precipitation Theory
      • Lifestyle Theory
      • Deviant Place Theory
      • Routine Activities Theory
    • Caring For The Victim
      • The Government’s Response To Victimization
      • Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs
      • Community Organization
      • Victims And Self-Protection
      • Victims’ Rights
• Part Two: Theories Of Crime Causation
  • Chapter 4: Rational Choice Theory
    • The Development Of Rational Choice
      • Development Of Classical Criminology
      • Cesare Beccaria
      • Classical Criminology
      • Contemporary Choice Theory Emerges
    • The Concepts Of Rational Choice
      • Why Crime?
      • Choosing Crime
      • Offense And Offender
      • Structuring Criminality
      • Structuring Crime
    • Is Crime Rational?
      • Is Theft Rational?
      • Is Drug Use Rational?
      • Is Violence Rational?
    • Eliminating Crime
    • Situational Crime Prevention
      • Targeting Specific Crimes
      • Situational Crime Prevention: Costs And Benefits
    • General Deterrence
      • The Perception Of Punishment And Deterrence
      • Certainty Of Punishment And Deterrence
      • Severity Of Punishment And Deterrence
      • Speed (Celerity) Of Punishment And Deterrence
      • Analyzing General Deterrence
    • Specific Deterrence
      • Can Punishment Produce More Crime?
    • Incapacitation
      • Does Incarceration Control Crime?
    • Public Policy Implications Of Choice Theory
      • Police And Deterrence
      • Courts, Sentencing, And Deterrence
      • Just Desert
  • Chapter 5: Trait Theories
    • Foundations Of Trait Theory
      • Biological Positivism
      • Cesare Lombroso
      • The Legacy Of Biological Criminology
      • Sociobiology
      • Contemporary Trait Theories
    • Biosocial Theory
      • Biochemical Conditions And Crime
      • Neurophysiological Conditions And Crime
      • Arousal Theory
      • Genetics And Crime
      • Evolutionary Theory
      • Evaluation Of The Biosocial Branch Of Trait Theory
    • Psychological Trait Theories
      • Psychodynamic Theory
      • Attachment Theory
      • Mental Disorders And Crime
      • Behavioral Theory
      • Cognitive Theory
    • Personality And Crime
      • The Antisocial Personality
      • Intelligence And Crime
    • Public Policy Implications Of Trait Theory
  • Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
    • Development Of Sociological Criminology
      • Quetelet And Durkheim
      • The Chicago School And Beyond
    • Socioeconomic Structure And Crime
      • The Underclass
      • Child Poverty
      • Minority Group Poverty
    • Social Structure Theories
      • Social Disorganization Theory
      • The Social Ecology School
      • Collective Efficacy
    • Strain Theories
      • The Concept Of Anomie
      • Merton’s Theory Of Anomie
      • Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT)
      • Relative Deprivation Theory
      • General Strain Theory (GST)
      • Sources Of Strain
      • Coping With Strain
      • Evaluating GST
    • Cultural Deviance Theories
      • Conduct Norms
      • Focal Concerns
      • Theory Of Delinquent Subcultures
      • Theory Of Differential Opportunity
      • Evaluating Social Structure Theories
    • Public Policy Implications Of Social Structure Theory
      • Community Policing
  • Chapter 7: Social Process Theories: Socialization And Society
    • Socialization And Crime
      • Family Relations
      • Educational Experience
      • Peer Relations And Crime
      • Religion And Belief
      • Socialization And Crime
    • Social Learning Theory
      • Differential Association Theory
      • Differential Reinforcement Theory
      • Neutralization Theory
      • Are Learning Theories Valid?
    • Social Control Theory
      • Self-Concept And Crime
      • Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory
    • Social Reaction Theory
      • Defining Crime And Deviance
      • Labeling Effects And Consequences
      • Primary And Secondary Deviance
      • Research On Social Reaction Theory
      • Who Gets Labeled? Differential Enforcement
      • Is Labeling Theory Valid?
    • Evaluating Social Process Theories
    • Public Policy Implications Of Social Process Theory
  • Chapter 8: Social Conflict, Critical Criminology, And Restorative Justice
    • The Historical Development Of Critical Criminology
      • Productive Forces And Productive Relations
      • A Marxist Vision Of Crime
    • Creating A Critical Criminology
      • Contemporary Critical Criminology
    • How Critical Criminologists Define Crime
    • How Critical Criminologists View The Cause Of Crime
      • Failing Social Institutions
      • Globalization
      • State-Organized Crime
    • Instrumental Vs. Structural Theory
      • Instrumental Theory
      • Structural Theory
    • Research On Critical Criminology
      • Race And Justice
    • Critique Of Critical Criminology
    • Alternative Views Of Critical Theory
      • Left Realism
      • Critical Feminist Theory: Gendered Criminology
      • Power–Control Theory
      • Peacemaking Criminology
    • Critical Theory And Public Policy
      • The Concept Of Restorative Justice
      • Reintegrative Shaming
      • The Process Of Restoration
      • The Challenge Of Restorative Justice
  • Chapter 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Latent Trait, And Trajectory
    • Foundations Of Developmental Theory
      • Criminal Career Research
      • Life Course, Latent Traits, And Trajectories
      • Population Heterogeneity vs. State Dependence
    • Life Course Fundamentals
      • Disruption Promotes Criminality
      • Changing Life Influences
    • Life Course Concepts
      • Problem Behavior Syndrome
      • Offense Specialization/Generalization
      • Early Onset
      • Persistence And Desistance
    • Theories Of The Criminal Life Course
      • Sampson And Laub: Age-Graded Theory
      • The Marriage Factor
      • Age-Graded Theory Validity
    • Social Schematic Theory (SST)
    • Propensity/Latent Trait Theories
      • How Can The Aging-Out Process Be Explained?
      • Crime And Human Nature
      • General Theory Of Crime
    • Trajectory Theory
      • Early, Late, And Nonstarters
      • Chronic Offending
      • Pathways To Crime
      • Adolescent-Limited Offenders Vs. Life Course Persisters
    • Evaluating Developmental Theories
    • Public Policy Implications Of Developmental Theory
• Part Three: Crime Typologies
  • Chapter 10: Interpersonal Violence
    • The Causes Of Violence
      • Psychological/Biological Abnormality
      • Human Instinct
      • Substance Abuse
      • Socialization And Upbringing
      • Exposure To Violence
      • Cultural Values: Subculture Of Violence
      • Cultural Values: National Values
    • Rape
      • History Of Rape
      • Rape And War
      • Incidence Of Rape
      • Types Of Rape And Rapists
      • The Causes Of Rape
      • Rape And The Law
    • Murder And Homicide
      • Degrees Of Murder
      • The Nature And Extent Of Murder
      • Murderous Relations
      • Multiple Murders
      • Serial Murder
      • Mass Murders
      • Spree Killers
    • Assault And Battery
      • Nature And Extent Of Assault
      • Assault In The Home
      • Dating Violence
    • Robbery
      • Types Of Robbers/Types Of Robberies
      • The Calculating Robber
      • Acquaintance Robbery
    • Emerging Forms Of Interpersonal Violence
      • Hate Crimes
      • Workplace Violence
      • Stalking
  • Chapter 11: Political Crime And Terrorism
    • Political Crime
      • The Nature Of Political Crimes
      • The Goals Of Political Criminals
      • Becoming A Political Criminal
    • Types Of Political Crimes
      • Election Fraud
      • Abuse Of Office/Public Corruption
      • Treason
      • Espionage
      • State Political Crime
      • Using Torture
    • Terrorism
      • Terrorist And Guerilla
      • Terrorist And Insurgent
      • Terrorist And Revolutionary
    • A Brief History Of Terrorism
      • Religious Roots
      • Political Roots
    • Contemporary Forms Of Terrorism
      • Revolutionary Terrorists
      • Political Terrorists
      • Nationalist Terrorism
      • Retributive Terrorism
      • State-Sponsored Terrorism
      • Lone-Actor Terrorists
    • How Are Terror Groups Organized?
    • What Motivates The Terrorist?
      • Psychological View
      • Alienation View
      • Socialization/Friendship View
      • Ideological View
      • Explaining State-Sponsored Terrorism
    • Extent Of The Terrorism Threat
    • Response To Terrorism
      • Confronting Terrorism With Law Enforcement
      • Combating Terrorism With The Courts
      • Confronting Terrorism With The Law
      • Combating Terrorism With Politics
  • Chapter 12: Property Crime
    • A Brief History Of Theft
      • Theft In The Nineteenth Century: Train Robbery And Safecracking
    • Contemporary Theft
      • Occasional Thieves
      • Professional Thieves
      • The Fence
      • Professional Cargo Thieves
    • Larceny/Theft
      • Larceny Today
      • Shoplifting
      • Bad Checks
      • Credit Card Theft
      • Auto Theft
      • False Pretenses/Fraud
      • Confidence Games
      • Embezzlement
    • Burglary
      • The Nature And Extent Of Burglary
      • Residential Burglaries
      • Commercial Burglary
      • Careers In Burglary
    • Arson
      • The Juvenile Fire Starter
      • Professional Arson
  • Chapter 13: Enterprise Crime: White-Collar, Green, And Transnational Organized Crime
    • The Concept Of Enterprise Crime
    • White-Collar Crime
      • Nature And Extent Of White-Collar Crime
      • White-Collar Swindlers
      • White-Collar Chiseling
      • White-Collar Exploitation
      • White-Collar Influence Peddling
      • White-Collar Embezzlement And Employee Fraud
      • Client Fraud
      • Corporate Crime
      • White-Collar Law Enforcement Systems
      • Controlling White-Collar Crime
    • Green Crime
      • Defining Green Crime
      • The Harms Perspective
      • Forms Of Green Crime
      • Controlling Green Crime
    • Organized And Transnational Organized Crime
      • Origins Of Organized Crime
      • The Mafia
      • The Rise Of Transnational Organized Crime
      • Characteristics Of Transnational Organized Crime
      • Activities Of Transnational Organized Crime
      • Transnational Gangs
      • Controlling Transnational Crime
    • The Causes Of Enterprise Crime
      • Rational Choice: Greed
      • Rational Choice: Need
      • Rationalization/Neutralization View
      • Cultural View
      • Self-Control View
  • Chapter 14: Public Order Crime: Sex And Substance Abuse
    • Law And Morality
      • Debating Morality
      • Social Harm
      • Moral Crusades And Crusaders
      • Moral Crusades Today
    • Sexually Related Offenses
    • Paraphilias
      • Pedophilia
    • Prostitution
      • Prostitution Today
      • Incidence Of Prostitution
      • Prostitution In Other Cultures
      • Types Of Prostitutes
      • Who Becomes A Prostitute?
      • Controlling Prostitution
      • Legalize Prostitution?
    • Obscenity And Pornography
      • Child Pornography
      • Does Pornography Cause Violence?
      • Pornography And The Law
      • Controlling Pornography
    • Substance Abuse
      • When Did Drug Use Begin?
      • Alcohol And Its Prohibition
      • How Much Drug Use Is There Today?
      • Alcohol Abuse
      • Costs Of Substance Abuse
      • What Causes Substance Abuse?
      • Is There A Drug Gateway?
      • Types Of Drug Users And Abusers
      • Drugs And Crime
      • Drugs And The Law
      • Drug Control Strategies
      • Drug Legalization
  • Chapter 15: Crimes Of The New Millennium: Cybercrime
    • Development Of Cybercrime
      • The Stages of Cybercrime
    • Contemporary Cybercrime
    • Cybertheft: Cybercrimes For Profit
      • Computer Fraud
      • Theft From ATMs
      • Ransomware: Extortion Via The Internet
      • Illegal Copyright Infringement
      • Internet Securities Fraud
      • Identity Theft
      • Etailing Fraud
    • Cyberdeviance: The Darker Side Of The Net
      • Distributing Pornography
      • Ehooking
      • Distributing Dangerous Drugs
    • Cybervandalism: Cybercrime With Malicious Intent
      • Data Breaches
      • Worms, Viruses, Trojan Horses, Logic Bombs, And Spam
      • Website Defacement
      • Cyberstalking
      • Denial-of-Service Attack
      • Cyberbullying
      • Cyberspying
    • The Costs Of Cybercrime
    • Combating Cybercrime
      • Cybercrime Enforcement Agencies
      • International Treaties
    • Cyberwar: Politically Motivated Cybercrime
      • Cyberespionage
      • Cyberattacks
      • Cyberterrorism
      • Combating Cyberwar
• Glossary
• Case Index
• Name Index
• Subject Index

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