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With unparalleled empirical material, this is the most comprehensive introduction to comparative politics written by the leading experts in the field who bring together a diverse and informed international perspective on comparative politics. Six new authors join the team for the sixth edition, bringing fresh ideas and insights to the comparative analysis the book provides. The new edition has been brought fully up to date with coverage of the Covid-19 pandemic, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and challenges to the global international order.
A new chapter on the Nation-State and multicultural citizenship focuses on identity, community, ethnicity, migration, and regions. In addition to this, a new chapter 11, 'Direct Democracy', provides cutting-edge analysis of referendums, citizen assemblies, and other forms of democratic innovations. Additional analysis of gender equality, poverty, and climate change is provided from a global perspective in the new chapter 22, which examines the impact of public policies.
And finally, a new chapter 25, 'Promoting and Protecting Democracy', draws on the latest developments, such as global shifts towards authoritarian regimes and autocracy, and international relations perspectives, to present a clear overview of democracy promotion. An unrivalled amount of empirical material in the text illustrates the key similarities and differences across political systems. The wealth of empirical data also encourages students to go beyond the 'what' of comparison to the 'how'.
Combining cutting edge treatment of theories and truly global geographical coverage, this exciting textbook is essential reading for all comparative politics students. The sixth edition includes a wealth of embedded digital resources, which are accessible through the enhanced e-book. These include: - Multiple-choice questions for every section, designed to reinforce students' understanding of key points through frequent and cumulative revision, and to assist with independent self-study - Interactive graphs with live-updating data, which allow readers to manipulate and customise their own charts, to help reinforce understanding of empirical data in the context of each chapter - A library of web links to relevant databases, blogs, debates, and videos, to help explore research interests and take learning further - Answers to end of chapter questions, which contain useful hints and tips to help tackle the knowledge-based, critical thinking, and applied questions - Videos of news reports, speeches, analysis, and key events to help bring theories and concepts to life - A bank of comparative tables and country profiles, which illustrate ideas and concepts, but can also be used in students' own research and analysis, giving readers a real sense of how comparative politics works in practice.
Annað
- Höfundur: Daniele Caramani
- Útgáfa:6
- Útgáfudagur: 2023-05-24
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9780192661180
- Print ISBN: 9780192846051
- ISBN 10: 0192661183
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright page
- Preface
- About the book
- Features of the book
- Acknowledgements
- Remembering Ronald Inglehart (1934−2021)
- New to this edition
- Table of Contents
- Abbreviations
- List of contributors
- How to use this book
- Master the essentials
- Consolidate your understanding
- Delve into data
- Take your learning further
- Resources for lecturers
- Test bank
- Seminar activities
- World map
- World data
- Introduction to comparative politics
- I.1 Introduction
- I.2 The definition of comparative politics
- I.2.1 A science of politics
- I.2.2 Types of comparative politics
- I.2.3 What does comparative politics do in practice?
- I.2.4 Why is comparative politics called comparative politics?
- I.3 The substance of comparative politics
- I.3.1 What is compared?
- I.3.2 From institutions to functions
- I.3.3 And back to institutions
- I.3.4 Bringing the state back in
- I.3.5 Mid-range theories
- I.3.6 Case-oriented analysis
- I.3.7 Rational choice theory
- I.3.8 What is left?
- I.4 The method of comparative politics
- I.4.1 A variety of methods
- I.4.2 From cases to variables
- I.4.3 And back to cases
- I.4.4 From aggregate to individual data
- I.4.5 And back to aggregate data
- I.5 Conclusion
- I.5.1 The variety of comparative politics
- I.5.2 From divergence to convergence
- I.5.3 And back to divergence?
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- Section 1 Theories and methods
- 1 The relevance of comparative politics
- 1.1 Introduction: what should comparative politics be relevant for?
- 1.2 Political institutions and human well-being
- 1.2.1 The institutional turn and comparative politics
- 1.2.2 Institutions rule—but which?
- 1.3 The many faces of democracy
- 1.4 Democracy and state capacity
- 1.4.1 The spectre that is haunting democracy
- 1.4.2 State capacity, quality of government, and human well-being
- 1.5 Does democracy generate political legitimacy?
- 1.5.1 Does democracy cure corruption?
- 1.6 What should be explained?
- 1.6.1 Statistical significances versus real-life significance
- 1.6.2 Quality of government, social trust, and human well-being
- 1.6.3 The role of formal and informal institutions
- 1.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- 2 Approaches in comparative politics
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Uses of theory in comparison
- 2.3 Alternative perspectives: the five I’s
- 2.3.1 Institutions
- 2.3.2 Interests
- 2.3.3 Ideas
- 2.3.4 Individuals
- 2.3.5 International environment
- 2.3.6 Add a sixth ‘I’: interactions
- 2.4 What more is needed?
- 2.4.1 Process
- 2.4.2 Outcomes
- 2.5 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- 3. Comparative research methods
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 The role of variables in linking theory to evidence
- 3.3 Comparing cases and case selection
- 3.3.1 Cross-case and within-case
- 3.3.2 Case selection
- 3.3.3 The single-case study
- 3.3.4 Time series
- 3.3.5 Closed universe
- 3.3.6 Cross-section
- 3.3.7 Pooled analysis
- 3.4 The logic of comparison: relating cases to variables
- 3.5 The use of methods of agreement and difference in comparative analysis
- 3.6 Constraints and limitations of the comparative method
- 3.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 1 The relevance of comparative politics
- 4 The nation state and multicultural citizenship
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 The two components: the state and the nation
- 4.2.1 The state
- 4.2.2 The nation
- 4.3 The entanglement of the state and the nation
- 4.3.1 The emergence of the Westphalian order
- 4.3.2 Popular sovereignty and democratization
- 4.3.3 Nationalism
- 4.4 The triumph of the nation state
- 4.5 Challenges to the nation state and the rise of multicultural citizenship
- 4.5.1 The development of the welfare state
- 4.5.2 Citizenship and the intensified global migration
- 4.6 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 5 Democracies
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 What is democracy (and who created it)?
- 5.2.1 How do we know if a country is democratic?
- 5.2.2 Hybrid regimes
- 5.3 Types of democracy
- 5.3.1 Parliamentary or presidential?
- 5.3.2 Majoritarian or consensus?
- 5.4 Why some countries have democracy and others do not
- 5.4.1 Structural factors
- 5.4.2 Institutions
- 5.4.3 Actors and agency
- 5.4.4 International forces
- 5.4.5 The danger of backsliding
- 5.5 Conclusion: the future of democracy
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- 6 Authoritarian regimes
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Totalitarian regimes
- 6.3 Beyond totalitarianism: understanding authoritarian regimes
- 6.3.1 Categorical typologies
- 6.3.2 Continuous typologies
- 6.3.4 What makes authoritarian regimes durable?
- 6.3.5 Repression
- 6.3.6 Legitimacy
- 6.3.7 Co-optation of citizens and elites
- 6.3.8 Use of ‘democratic’ institutions
- 6.4 How do authoritarian regimes perform?
- 6.5 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied questions
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 7 Legislatures
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 What is a legislature?
- 7.2.1 Assemblies and legislatures
- 7.2.2 Parliaments
- 7.2.3 Congresses
- 7.3 The role of legislatures
- 7.3.1 Legislature as agent: linkage, representation, and legitimation
- 7.3.1.1 Linkage
- 7.3.1.2 Representation
- 7.3.1.3 Debating
- 7.3.1.4 Legitimation
- 7.3.2 Legislature as principal: control and oversight
- 7.3.2.1 Control
- 7.3.2.2 Oversight
- 7.3.2.3 Budget control
- 7.3.3 Legislature as legislator: policymaking vs policy-influencing
- 7.3.3.1 Consultation
- 7.3.3.2 Delay and veto
- 7.3.3.3 Amendment and initiation
- 7.3.1 Legislature as agent: linkage, representation, and legitimation
- 7.4 The internal organizational structures of legislatures
- 7.4.1 Number and type of chambers
- 7.4.2 Number, quality, and consistency of members
- 7.4.3 Size
- 7.4.4 Time
- 7.4.5 Committees
- 7.4.6 Permanency and expertise
- 7.4.7 Specialization
- 7.4.8 Subcommittees and temporary committees
- 7.4.9 Hierarchical structures and internal decision-making
- 7.5 Assessing a legislature’s power
- 7.5.1 Institutional independence: executive–legislative relations
- 7.5.2 Member independence: the role of political parties
- 7.5.3 Party organization
- 7.5.4 Electoral laws
- 7.6 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Types of government
- 8.2.1 Government and the separation of powers
- 8.2.2 The government under different democratic regime types
- 8.3 The internal working of government
- 8.3.1 Presidential government
- 8.3.2 Cabinet government
- 8.3.3 Prime ministerial government
- 8.3.4 Ministerial government
- 8.3.5 Models of government and cabinet coalitions in parliamentary systems
- 8.3.6 Variability of government modes
- 8.4 The autonomy of government
- 8.4.1 Government autonomy: the party dimension
- 8.4.2 Party programmes
- 8.4.3 Selection of cabinet members
- 8.4.4 Permanent control of the party over the cabinet
- 8.4.5 Presidentialization?
- 8.4.6 The rise of technocracy
- 8.4.7 Government autonomy: bureaucratic government?
- 8.5 The political capacity of government
- 8.5.1 Unified versus divided government
- 8.5.2 Majority versus minority government
- 8.5.3 Single-party versus coalition government
- 8.6 Bureaucratic capacities
- 8.6.1 Personnel
- 8.6.2 Organization
- 8.6.3 Procedure
- 8.6.4 Problems of bureaucracy
- 8.6.5 Spoils systems
- 8.6.6 NPM systems
- 8.6.7 Personnel
- 8.6.8 Organization
- 8.6.9 Procedure
- 8.6.10 The quality of governance
- 8.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnote
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Key concepts and definitions
- 9.2.1 Constitutional forms and the ‘new constitutionalism’
- 9.2.2 Type 1: the absolutist constitution
- 9.2.3 Type 2: the legislative supremacy constitution
- 9.2.4 Type 3: the higher law constitution
- 9.2.5 Rights
- 9.2.6 Constitutional review
- 9.2.7 Modes of review: abstract and concrete
- 9.3 Delegation and judicial power
- 9.3.1 The constitution as incomplete contract
- 9.3.2 Principals, agents, trustees
- 9.3.3 The zone of discretion
- 9.3.4 Other logics
- 9.4 The evolution of constitutional review
- 9.4.1 1789–1950
- 9.4.2 The diffusion of higher law constitutionalism
- 9.4.3 Systems of constitutional justice in the twenty-first century
- 9.5 Effectiveness
- 9.5.1 The impact of constitutional review
- 9.5.2 Transitions to constitutional democracy
- 9.5.3 The judicialization of politics
- 9.6 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Defining democratic innovations
- 10.3 Traditions of democratic innovations
- 10.3.1 Direct democracy
- 10.3.2 Participatory democracy
- 10.3.3 Deliberative democracy
- 10.4 The purpose of democratic innovations
- 10.4.1 To revive representative democracy
- 10.4.2 To address complex governance problems in authoritarian regimes
- 10.4.3 To radically transform democracy
- 10.5 Debates on democratic innovations
- 10.5.1 Citizen competence
- 10.5.2 Elite co-optation
- 10.5.3 Deepening exclusions
- 10.6 The future of democratic innovations
- 10.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Electoral systems
- 11.2.1 Building blocks of electoral systems
- 11.2.1.1 Electoral formula
- 11.2.1.2 Districts
- 11.2.1.3 Legal threshold
- 11.2.1 Building blocks of electoral systems
- 11.3.1 Majoritarian family
- 11.3.1.1 Plurality voting
- 11.3.1.2 Majority voting
- 11.3.1.3 Alternative voting
- 11.3.2 Semi-proportional systems
- 11.3.2.1 SNTV
- 11.3.2.2 MMM
- 11.3.3 PR family
- 11.3.3.1 Party-list PR
- 11.3.3.2 Single transferable voting
- 11.3.3.3 Mixed-member proportional
- 11.4.1 Outcomes
- 11.4.2 Institutions meet society
- 11.5.1 Delegates vs trustees
- 11.5.2 Types of representation
- 11.6.1 Disproportionality
- 11.6.2 Vote–seat equality across voters
- 11.6.3 Ideological congruence
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Two logics
- 12.3 Concepts and definitions
- 12.4 What are the chief trends?
- 12.5 Three literatures
- 12.6 The effects of multilevel governance
- 12.6.1 Democracy
- 12.6.2 Ethno-territorial conflict
- 12.6.3 Social policy
- 12.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 13 Political parties
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Definitions of party
- 13.3 Origins of parties
- 13.4 The functions of parties
- 13.4.1 Coordination
- 13.4.2 Coordination within government
- 13.4.3 Coordination within society
- 13.4.4 Coordination between government and society
- 13.4.5 Contesting elections
- 13.4.6 Recruitment
- 13.4.7 Representation
- 13.5 Models of party organization
- 13.5.1 Types of party
- 13.5.2 Cadre or elite parties
- 13.5.3 Mass parties
- 13.5.4 Catch-all parties
- 13.5.5 Cartel parties
- 13.5.6 Anti-cartel parties
- 13.5.7 Niche parties
- 13.5.8 Business-firm parties
- 13.5.9 Parties in the United States
- 13.5.10 Membership
- 13.5.11 Regulation
- 13.5.12 Finance
- 13.5.13 Regulation of spending
- 13.5.14 Regulation of fundraising
- 13.5.15 Public subventions
- 13.6 Parties and the stabilization of democracy
- 13.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- 14 Party systems
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 The genealogy of party systems
- 14.2.1 The ‘national’ and ‘industrial’ revolutions
- 14.2.2 Cleavages and their political translation
- 14.2.3 Centre–periphery cleavage
- 14.2.4 State–church cleavage
- 14.2.5 Rural–urban cleavage
- 14.2.6 Workers–employers cleavage
- 14.2.7 Communism–socialism cleavage
- 14.2.8 Materialism–post-materialism cleavage
- 14.2.9 The globalization cleavage
- 14.2.10 Variations in cleavage constellations
- 14.2.10.1 Space
- 14.2.10.2 Time
- 14.3 The morphology of party systems
- 14.3.1 Dominant-party systems
- 14.3.2 Two-party systems
- 14.3.3 Multiparty systems
- 14.3.3.1 Moderate multiparty systems
- 14.3.3.2 Polarized multiparty systems
- 14.3.4 Bipolar systems
- 14.3.5 The number of parties
- 14.3.5.1 Numerical rules
- 14.3.5.2 Qualitative rules
- 14.3.6 The influence of electoral laws
- 14.4 The dynamics of party systems
- 14.4.1 The market analogy
- 14.4.2 The spatial analogy
- 14.4.3 Downs’s model
- 14.4.4 The broader application of rational choice models
- 14.4.5 Empirical spatial analysis
- 14.5 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 What are interest groups?
- 15.2.1 Functionalist approaches
- 15.2.2 Private versus public interests
- 15.3 Interest associations in theory
- 15.3.1 Republican (unitarist) traditions
- 15.3.2 Liberal (pluralist) traditions
- 15.3.3 Corporatist traditions
- 15.4 Interest associations in practice
- 15.4.1 Interest group formation
- 15.4.2 Offe and Wiesenthal’s two logics of collective action
- 15.4.3 A new typology of interest associations
- 15.4.4 Direct lobbying
- 15.4.5 Political exchange
- 15.4.6 Contentious politics
- 15.4.7 Private interest government
- 15.5 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 The concept of social movement
- 16.3 Theories and approaches
- 16.4 Empirical patterns and profiles of social movements
- 16.4.1 The visible side of social movements
- 16.4.2 The internal life of social movements
- 16.5 Social movements in a comparative perspective
- 16.6 Functions and effects of social movements
- 16.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Global cultural differences
- 17.3 The history of the political culture concept
- 17.4 Citizens’ democratic maturity
- 17.5 The allegiance model of citizenship
- 17.6 Party–voter dealignment
- 17.7 The assertion model of citizenship
- 17.7.1 Rising emancipative values
- 17.7.2 Criticality and disaffection
- 17.7.3 Wider circles of solidarity and trust
- 17.8 A cultural theory of autocracy versus democracy
- 17.8.1 The shortcomings of the a-cultural view of democracy
- 17.8.2 The myth of democratic deconsolidation
- 17.9 Understanding the populist challenge
- 17.10 Congruence theory reloaded
- 17.11 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnotes
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 How? Modes of political participation
- 18.2.1 Sites of participation
- 18.2.2 Modes of participation
- 18.2.2.1 Social movements
- 18.2.2.2 Interest groups
- 18.2.2.3 Political parties
- 18.3.1 Political versus other types of participation
- 18.3.2 The paradox of collective action
- 18.4.1 Differences in participation across regime types
- 18.4.2 Differences in participation within democracies
- 18.4.2.1 Voter turnout
- 18.4.2.2 Labour union membership
- 18.4.2.3 Political organizations and mobilization
- 18.5.1 Individual traits
- 18.5.1.1 Resources
- 18.5.1.2 Recruitment
- 18.5.1.3 Social networks
- 18.5.1.4 Orientations
- 18.5.2 Contextual cues
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Studying political communication comparatively
- 19.2.1 The rationale
- 19.2.2 The political communication ecosystem
- 19.3 Media–politics relations
- 19.3.1 Comparing institutional relationships between media and politics
- 19.3.2 Comparing role relationships between politicians and journalists
- 19.4 Political information flows
- 19.4.1 Comparing messages produced and disseminated by political actors
- 19.4.2 Comparing messages produced and disseminated by media actors
- 19.4.3 Comparing national audiences in their news consumption
- 19.4.4 Comparing effects of political communication
- 19.5 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 20 Policymaking
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Conceptual models of policymaking
- 20.2.1 Institutional model
- 20.2.2 Rational model
- 20.2.3 Incremental model
- 20.2.4 Group model
- 20.2.5 Elite model
- 20.3 Analysing policymaking as a process: the policy cycle
- 20.3.1 Agenda setting
- 20.3.2 Policy formulation
- 20.3.3 Policy adoption
- 20.3.4 Implementation
- 20.3.5 Evaluation
- 20.4 Institutions, frames, and policy styles
- 20.4.1 The role of institutions
- 20.4.2 The role of cognitive and normative frames
- 20.4.3 Policy styles
- 20.5 International factors for domestic policymaking
- 20.5.1 Theories of policy diffusion, policy transfer, and cross-national policy convergence
- 20.5.2 International sources that affect domestic policymaking
- 20.6 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 21 The welfare state
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 What is the welfare state?
- 21.3 The emergence of the welfare state
- 21.3.1 Functionalist approach
- 21.3.2 Class mobilization
- 21.3.3 State institutions and bureaucracy
- 21.4 The expansion of the welfare state
- 21.4.1 The impact of social democracy
- 21.4.2 Neocorporatism and the international economy
- 21.4.3 Risk redistribution
- 21.4.4 Christian democracy and Catholic social doctrine
- 21.4.5 Secular trends
- 21.5 Variations among developed welfare states
- 21.5.1 Anglo-Saxon liberal regime
- 21.5.2 Scandinavian social democratic regime
- 21.5.3 Continental conservative regime
- 21.5.4 Southern Europe
- 21.5.5 Australia and New Zealand
- 21.6 The effects of the welfare state
- 21.6.1 (In)equality and redistribution
- 21.6.2 Universalism versus targeting
- 21.7 The challenges and dynamics of contemporary welfare states
- 21.7.1 Globalization: efficiency versus compensation
- 21.7.2 Economic transformations, crises, and political responses
- 21.7.3 The changing welfare state
- 21.8 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 22 The impact of public policies
- 22.1 What is public policy?
- 22.2 Equality
- 22.3 Growth
- 22.3.1 Postwar corporatism
- 22.3.2 Varieties of capitalism
- 22.4 Trade-offs across policy outcomes
- 22.5 Gender equality
- 22.6 Climate change
- 22.7 Conclusions
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- 23 The EU as a new political system
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Explanations of European integration
- 23.2.1 Intergovernmental approaches
- 23.2.2 Supranational approaches
- 23.3 Understanding the EU as a political system
- 23.3.1 A political system but not a state
- 23.3.2 The constitutional architecture of the EU
- 23.4 Vertical dimension: the EU as a ‘regulatory state’
- 23.4.1 Creation and regulation of the single market
- 23.4.2 Economic and Monetary Union
- 23.4.3 EU expenditure policies
- 23.4.4 Interior policies and external relations
- 23.4.4.1 Justice and interior policies
- 23.4.4.2 Foreign and defence policies
- 23.5 Horizontal dimension: a hyper-consensus system of government
- 23.5.1 Executive politics: competing agenda setters
- 23.5.2 Bicameral legislative politics: rising power of the European Parliament
- 23.5.3 Judicial politics: a powerful and independent court
- 23.6 Democratic politics: the missing link?
- 23.6.1 Public support for the EU
- 23.6.2 A competitive party system in the European Parliament
- 23.6.3 The ‘failure’ of European Parliament elections
- 23.6.4 Interest groups in Brussels: an EU civil society
- 23.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 24.1 Introduction
- 24.2 The debate about globalization and states
- 24.3 Advanced capitalist states
- 24.3.1 From modern to post-modern
- 24.3.2 National identity
- 24.3.3 Sovereignty
- 24.4 Weak post-colonial states
- 24.4.1 The lack of ‘stateness’
- 24.4.2 The lack of ‘nationness’
- 24.4.3 The weakness of the economy
- 24.4.4 The weakness of sovereignty
- 24.5 Modernizing states
- 24.5.1 Between post-colonialism and post-modernism
- 24.5.2 New global competitors: India and China
- 24.6 Comparative politics in a new setting
- 24.6.1 Methodological implications
- 24.7 Conclusion
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Endnote
- 25.1 Introduction
- 25.2 Definitions and concepts: democracy promotion and democracy protection
- 25.2.1 How have we studied democracy promotion?
- 25.2.2 What is regime change in the study of democracy promotion?
- 25.2.3 What are strategies for promoting democracy?
- 25.3 Broadening the scope: democracy promotion as an instrument of peacebuilding, development, and regional integration
- 25.4 Does it work? Effectiveness of democracy promotion
- 25.5 Conflicting objectives and trade-offs in democracy promotion
- 25.6 Autocratization fires back: delegitimization of democracy promotion
- 25.7 New dynamics influence democracy promotion
- 25.8 Outlook: democracy promotion and protection beyond the state?
- Questions
- Knowledge-based
- Critical thinking
- Applied
- Further reading
- Introduction to comparative politics
- 1 The relevance of comparative politics
- 3
- 5 Democracies
- 7 Legislatures
- 8 Governments and bureaucracies
- 10 Democratic innovations
- 11 Electoral systems and representation
- 12 Multilevel governance
- 14 Party systems
- 15 Interest groups
- 16 Social movements
- 17 Political culture
- 18 Political participation
- 19 Political communication
- 20 Policymaking
- 21 The welfare state
- 22 The impact of public policies
- 23 The EU as a new political system
- 25 From democracy promotion to democracy protection
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Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).
Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.
Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.
Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.
Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu
- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 8219
- Útgáfuár : 2020
- Leyfi : 380