Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Foreword
• List of Contributors
• Abbreviations
• Section 1. General Issues
  • 1. Inflammation, Wound Healing and Surgical Immunology
    • Wounds
    • Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin
    • Wound Healing
    • Factors Involved in Wound Healing1,7
    • Acute Wounds
    • Chronic Wounds
    • Acute Wound Management
    • Wound Closure
    • Dressings1,6
    • Summary
  • 2. Pharmacology in Surgical Practice
    • Safe Prescribing
    • A Basic Introduction to Pharmacology
    • Commonly Used Drugs in Surgical Practice
    • Common Analgesics
    • Drugs Used in General Anaesthesia
    • Local Anaesthesia
    • Epidural and Spinal Anaesthesia
    • Antibiotics
    • Anticoagulants
    • Pharmacological Principles for Treatment of Malignancy
    • Summary
  • 3. Disorders of Growth, Differentiation and Morphogenesis
    • Introduction
    • Growth
    • Control of Growth
    • Disorders of Growth
    • Differentiation
    • Morphogenesis
    • Disorders of Growth, Differentiation and Morphogenesis During Embryogenesis
  • 4. Cancer: Principles of Surgical Oncology
    • Introduction
    • The Presentation of Cancer
    • Carcinogenesis and Growth
    • Influence of Biology on Clinical Course
    • Invasion and Metastasis
    • Cancer Staging
    • Cancer Biomarkers
    • Decision Support Tools
    • Centralization of Cancer Services in Surgery and Cancer Strategy
    • Principles of Curative Oncological Surgery
    • Definitive or Palliative Systemic Therapy
    • Survivorship
    • Summary
  • 5. Surgical Infection
    • Infection in General
    • Diagnosis and Management of Infection
    • Important Infections in Surgical Patients
  • 6. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
    • Introduction
    • Key Modifiable Risk Factors for Long-Term Conditions
    • Obesity
    • Physical Activity
    • Alcohol
    • Diet and Nutrition
    • Illicit Drugs
    • Mental Health
    • Standards for Health Promotion in Hospitals
    • Summary
  • 7. The Principles of Assessment and Management of the Surgical Patient
    • Physiological Basis of Surgical Care
    • Normal Gastrointestinal Physiology
    • Features of Preoperative Assessment
    • The Postoperative Period
    • Postoperative Complications
    • Summary
  • 8. Perioperative Management and Postoperative Complications
    • Preoperative Assessment
    • Preoperative Assessment
    • Medications Review and Recommendations
    • Investigations
    • The High-Risk Patient
    • The Elderly Patient
    • Assessing Risk
    • Shared Decision Making and the Multidisciplinary Team
    • Intraoperative Management
    • Anticipated Critical Events
    • Surgical Site Infection Bundle
    • Postoperative Management
    • Routine Postoperative Care
    • Postoperative Complications and the Unwell Surgical Patient
    • Considerations for Discharge
  • 9. Principles of Paediatric Surgery
    • General Principles
    • Surgical Pathology in Children
    • Conditions Presenting with Respiratory Distress
    • The Newborn with Intestinal Obstruction
    • Congenital Abdominal Wall Defects
    • Disorders of the Umbilicus
    • The Inguinal Region
    • Common Abdominal Masses in Children
    • Tumours and the Paediatric Surgeon
    • Disorders of Genitalia
    • Principles of Paediatric Trauma
  • 10. The Older Surgical Patient
    • Introduction
    • Determining Surgical Risk
    • Communicating Surgical Risk
    • Improving Surgical Outcomes
    • Anaesthesia in the Older Person
    • Analgesia in the Older Person
    • Trauma in the Older Person
    • Perioperative Service Delivery for Complex Patients
    • Summary and Conclusions
  • 11. The Dying Surgical Patient
    • How Do I Review a Dying Patient?
    • Considerations and Questions That Arise at the End of Life
    • The Family Says ‘How Long Has my Relative Got’ (and Variations of That Question)?
    • What PRNs Do I Prescribe for a Dying Patient?
    • When Do I Start a Syringe Driver?
    • Should I Continue I.V. Fluids?
    • When Should I Contact the Coroner’s Office (England and Wales)?
  • 12. Organ Transplantation
    • Organ Transplantation
    • Essential Definitions
    • Organ Donation
    • Donation After Brain Death (DBD)
    • Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD)
    • Allocation of Organs
    • Living Donor
    • Basic Immunology of Organ Transplantation
    • Organ Matching and Retrieval
    • Immunosuppression in Transplantation
    • General Complications of Transplantation
    • Pattern of Infection After Transplantation
    • Transplantation of Individual Organs
    • Transplantation in Children
    • The Future
  • 13. Emergency General Surgery
    • Introduction
    • Epidemiology of Emergency General Surgery
    • The Modern Emergency Surgical Team
    • NCEPOD
    • The Medical Emergency
    • Preoperative Work-Up of Emergency Surgery Patients
    • Anaesthetic Assessment and Perioperative Care
    • Preoperative Risk Assessment
    • Coagulation and DVT Prophylaxis
    • Human Factors in Emergency Surgery
    • Pathology Presenting to the Emergency Surgeon
    • Laparoscopy in Emergency Surgery
    • The Patient with Peritonitis
    • Acute Appendicitis
    • Acute Upper GI Bleeding
    • Peptic ulcer
    • Bleeding Oesophageal Varices
    • Gastric Erosion (Stress Ulceration)
    • Incomplete Lower Oesophageal Tear (Mallory–Weiss Syndrome)
    • Dieulafoy’s Lesion
    • Rarer Causes of Haematemesis
    • The Obstructed Patient
    • Operative Strategies
    • GI Bleeding
    • Abscesses
  • 14. Practical Procedures
    • Introduction
    • Preliminaries
    • VENOUS ACCESS
    • Venepuncture
    • Venous Cut-Down
    • Central Venous Catheterization
    • Arterial Blood Sampling
    • INSERTION OF A NASOGASTRIC TUBE
    • URINARY CATHETERIZATION
    • Male Catheterization (Fig. 14.13)
    • Female Catheterization
    • Suprapubic Bladder Drainage
    • CHEST PROCEDURES
    • Relief of Tension Pneumothorax
    • Insertion of a Chest Drain
    • Pericardial Paracentesis
    • PERITONEAL LAVAGE
    • AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
    • Surgical Airway
    • THE BASICS OF ELECTROSURGERY
    • Surgical Effects
    • Monopolar Electrosurgery Safety
    • Vessel Sealing
    • Plasma Electrosurgery
    • Training and Credentialing
  • 15. An Introduction to Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging
    • Introduction
    • Radiography
    • Radio-Opaque Contrast
    • Nuclear Medicine
    • Sonography
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    • Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Radiology
  • 16. Interventional Radiology
    • Introduction
    • The Interventional Radiology Department
    • General Principles of IR
    • Subspecialist IR Procedures
  • 17. Surgical Technology and Innovation
    • Introduction
    • Medical Devices in Surgery
    • Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery
    • Technological Advances in Surgical Education
    • Summary and Future Considerations
• Section 2. Regional Surgery
  • 18. Common Surgical Conditions of Head and Neck
    • The Ear
    • The Nose
    • The Larynx
    • The Pharynx
    • The Neck
    • The Salivary Glands
    • Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
    • Genetically Inherited Conditions in Otolaryngology
  • 19. Common Surgical Conditions of Pulmonary Disease
    • Anatomy of the Thorax
    • Lung Cancer
    • Other Lung Tumours
    • Principles of Chest Drainage
    • Pneumothorax
    • Chest Trauma and Haemoptysis
    • The Pleura
    • The Mediastinum
    • Surgery for Emphysema – Lung-Volume–Reduction Surgery (LVRS)
    • Transplantation
  • 20. Common Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Conditions and their Management
    • Oesophagus
    • Disorders of Oesophageal Motility
    • Cancer of the Oesophagus
    • Stomach
    • Disorders of the Stomach and their Management
    • Gastric Cancer
    • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs)
    • Spleen
    • Disorders of the Spleen and their Management
    • Traumatic Splenic Injury
    • Splenectomy
  • 21. Common Colorectal Surgical Conditions
    • Anatomy
    • Physiology
    • Benign Colorectal Disease
    • Rectal Prolapse (see Ch. 22)
    • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    • Complications
    • Crohn’s Disease of the Colon
    • Ischaemic Colitis
    • Infective Diseases
    • Radiation Colitis and Proctitis
    • Neoplasia
    • Malignant Neoplasms
  • 22. Common Anal Conditions
    • Anatomy
    • Haemorrhoids
    • Anorectal Abscess
    • Fistula in Ano
    • Anal Fissure
    • Rectal Prolapse
    • Anal Warts (Condyloma Acuminata)
    • Pruritus Ani
    • Faecal Incontinence
  • 23. Surgical Pathology of the Liver, Pancreas and Biliary Tract
    • The Liver
    • Jaundice
    • Benign Conditions of the Liver
    • Liver Trauma
    • Liver Infections
    • Liver Tumours
    • Malignant Tumours
    • Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
    • Metastatic Cancer to the Liver
    • Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)
    • Stones in the Gallbladder
    • Common Bile Duct Stones (Choledocholithiasis)
    • Stones in the Small Intestine
    • Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
    • Gallbladder Tumours
    • Cholangiocarcinoma
    • Pancreas
    • Pancreatitis
  • 24. Small-Bowel Disease and Intestinal Obstruction
    • Introduction
    • Anatomy
    • Physiology
    • Intestinal Obstruction
    • Causes of Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
    • Tuberculosis
    • Radiotherapy Effects
    • Diverticula of the Small Bowel
    • Small-Bowel Tumours
  • 25. Common Endocrine Surgical Conditions
    • Introduction
    • Thyroid
    • Anatomy
    • Physiology
    • Diseases Influencing the Thyroid
    • Evaluation of Thyroid Disease
    • Thyrotoxicosis
    • Thyroid Cancer
    • Parathyroid Transplantation
    • Thyroiditis
    • Parathyroid
    • Histology
    • Physiology
    • Parathyroid Hormone
    • Hyperparathyroidism
    • Adrenal Glands
    • Physiology
    • Adrenal Cortex
    • Hyperaldosteronism
    • Phaeochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
    • Neuroblastoma
    • Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (GEP-NET)
    • Pancreatic Endocrine Tumours
    • Intestinal NET
    • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
    • Anterior Pituitary Tumours
  • 26. Common Breast Surgical Conditions
    • Clinical Anatomy
    • Referral
    • The One-Stop-Clinic
    • Benign Breast Disease (B1 and B2)
    • B3 Lesions
    • Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ
    • Malignant Breast Disease
  • 27. Common Vascular Conditions
    • Vascular Surgery
    • Pathological Features of Arterial Disease
    • Techniques
    • Chronic Lower-Limb Ischaemia
    • Critical Limb Ischaemia or Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischaemia
    • Arterial Disorders of the Upper Limb
    • Acute Ischaemia of A Limb
    • Vasospastic Disorders (Raynaud’s Phenomenon)
    • Cerebrovascular Disease
    • Visceral Ischaemia
    • Renal Artery Disease
    • Vascular Trauma
    • Arteriovenous Malformation
    • Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
    • Lymphatic Disorders
    • Future Directions
  • 28. Common Urological Conditions
    • Introduction
    • Kidneys and Ureters
    • Disorders of the Kidney
    • Disorders of the Ureter
    • The Lower Urinary Tract
    • Disorders and Disease of the Bladder
    • The Prostate
    • The Male Urethra
    • Penis
    • Testis, Epididymis and Cord
    • Scrotal Swellings
    • Andrology
  • 29. Common Neurosurgical Conditions
    • Basic Clinical Principles
    • Cranial and Spinal Trauma
    • Tumours of the Brain and Meninges
    • Cerebral Haemorrhage and Stroke
    • Congenital Anomalies and Paediatric Neurosurgery
    • Hydrocephalus
    • Spinal Degenerative Disease
    • Spinal Tumours
    • Peripheral Nerve Lesions
    • Infections
    • Functional Neurosurgery
  • 30. Hernia
    • General Considerations
    • Specific Hernias
    • Femoral Hernia
    • Umbilical Hernia
    • Epigastric Hernia
    • Incisional Hernia
    • Rare but Clinically Important Hernias
  • 31. Principles of Plastic Surgery
    • Plastic Surgery Techniques
    • Wound Healing
    • Skin Grafts
    • Other Types of Graft Materials
    • Prostheses
    • Flaps
    • Free Tissue Transfer
    • Tissue Expansion
    • Common Reconstructive Referrals
  • 32. Skin Disorders
    • Introduction
    • Disorders of the Skin
    • Infections
    • Viral Infections
    • Bacterial Infections
    • Fungal Infections
    • Tumours
    • Benign Tumours of the Epidermis
    • Other Benign Skin Tumours
    • Premalignant Conditions of the Epidermis
    • Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
    • Malignant Melanoma (syn. Melanoma)
    • Malignant Tumours of the Dermis
    • Other Malignancies of the Skin
  • 33. Sarcoma
    • Introduction
    • Classification
    • Clinical History
    • Pathogenesis
    • Examination
    • Age
    • Distribution
    • Mode of Metastatic Spread
    • Radiology
    • Biopsy
    • Pathology
    • Grading
    • Staging
    • Treatment
    • Treatment of Systemic Disease
    • GIST
    • Prognosis
  • 34. Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
    • Introduction
    • Epidemiology
    • Therapeutic Options of Obesity
    • Indications for Surgery
    • Selection for Surgery
    • Surgical Procedures
    • Effects of Surgery
    • Risk Stratification
    • Postoperative Complications
    • Weight Regain
    • Procedure-Specific Complications
    • Social and Lifestyle Considerations
    • Revision Surgery
    • Summary
  • 35. Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery
    • Special Features of Orthopaedic History and Examination
    • Arthritis
    • Infections
    • Bone Tumours
    • Shoulder
    • Acromioclavicular Disorders
    • Subacromial Disorders
    • Glenohumeral Disorders
    • Elbow
    • Hand and Wrist
    • Hip
    • Knee
    • Ankle and Foot
    • Foot
    • Paediatric orthopaedics
    • Talipes
    • Minor Leg Deformities
  • 36. Trauma Surgery/Principles of Trauma Care
    • Introduction
    • Emergency Department Surgery
    • Damage Control
    • Vascular Trauma
    • Specific Injuries
    • Head and Neck Surgery
    • Airway Control and Breathing Support in Maxillofacial Trauma
    • Head and Neck Trauma Surgery
    • Vision Threatening Injuries
    • Management of Facial Fractures
    • Head Trauma
    • Extremity and Soft Tissue Trauma
    • Principles of Trauma Care to The Solid Organs of the Thorax and Abdomen
    • Hollow Organ Injuries
    • Urogenital Trauma
    • Advanced Trauma/Military Surgery
    • Management of Gunshot Wounds
    • Blast Injuries
• Section 3. Surgical Specialties
  • 37. Leadership and the Surgical Team and Management
    • Strong Surgical Leadership for Future
    • The Definition of Leadership
    • Leadership and Management
    • The Evolution of Leadership Theory
    • Effective Leadership in Surgery
    • Leadership and Safety
    • Training in Leadership
    • Mentoring and Coaching
    • Conclusion
  • 38. Evidence Based Medicine
    • History and Development
    • Evidence Based Medicine: Principles of Evidence
    • Searching for Evidence
    • Tools for Evidence Synthesis
    • Comparative Effectiveness
    • Implementing Evidence Based Medicine
    • Evidence Based Medicine and Quality of Care
    • Technology, Innovation and Diffusion of Ideas
  • 39. Surgical Ethics
    • Introduction
    • Evolution of Surgery and Ethics
    • DNACPR
    • Summary
  • 40. Global Surgery
    • Introduction
    • Surgical Conditions
    • Plastic Surgery
    • Paediatric Surgery
    • Ophthalmology
    • Dental
• Index

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