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The authors are proud sponsors of the 2020 SAGE Keith Roberts Teaching Innovations Award—enabling graduate students and early career faculty to attend the annual ASA pre-conference teaching and learning workshop. Classical Sociological Theory, Eighth Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the major theorists and schools of sociological thought from the Enlightenment roots of theory through the early 20th century.
Annað
- Höfundar: George Ritzer, Jeffrey Stepnisky
- Útgáfa:8
- Útgáfudagur: 2020-03-27
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781544354842
- Print ISBN: 9781544354828
- ISBN 10: 1544354843
Efnisyfirlit
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- About the Authors
- Part I • Introduction to Classical Sociological Theory
- Chapter 1 • A Historical Sketch of Sociological Theory: The Early Years
- Introduction
- Premodern Sociological Theory
- Social Forces in the Development of Sociological Theory
- Political Revolutions
- The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Capitalism
- Colonialism
- The Rise of Socialism
- Feminism
- Urbanization
- Religious Change
- The Growth of Science
- Intellectual Forces and the Rise of Sociological Theory
- The Enlightenment
- The Conservative Reaction to the Enlightenment
- The Development of French Sociology
- Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859)
- Claude Henri Saint-Simon (1760–1825)
- Auguste Comte (1798–1857)
- Emile Durkheim (1858–1917)
- Social Facts
- Religion
- The Development of German Sociology
- The Roots and Nature of the Theories of Karl Marx (1818–1883)
- Hegel
- Feuerbach
- Marx, Hegel, and Feuerbach
- Political Economy
- Marx and Sociology
- Marx’s Theory
- The Roots and Nature of the Theories of Max Weber (1864–1920) and Georg Simmel (1858–1918)
- Weber and Marx
- Other Influences on Weber
- Weber’s Theory
- The Acceptance of Weber’s Theory
- Simmel’s Theory
- The Roots and Nature of the Theories of Karl Marx (1818–1883)
- Chapter 1 • A Historical Sketch of Sociological Theory: The Early Years
- The Origins of British Sociology
- Political Economy, Ameliorism, and Social Evolution
- Political Economy
- Ameliorism
- Social Evolution
- Herbert Spencer (1820–1903)
- Spencer and Comte
- Evolutionary Theory
- The Reaction against Spencer in Britain
- Harriet Martineau (1802–1876)
- Political Economy, Ameliorism, and Social Evolution
- The Key Figure in Early Italian Sociology
- Non-European Classical Theory
- The Contemporary Relevance of Classical Sociological Theory
- Summary
- Early American Sociological Theory
- Politics
- Social Change and Intellectual Currents
- Herbert Spencer’s Influence on Sociology
- Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929)
- Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950)
- The Chicago School
- Early Chicago Sociology
- The Waning of Chicago Sociology
- Women in Early American Sociology
- The Du Bois-Atlanta School
- Sociological Theory to Midcentury
- The Rise of Harvard, the Ivy League, and Structural Functionalism
- Talcott Parsons (1902–1979)
- George Homans (1910–1989)
- Developments in Marxian Theory
- Karl Mannheim and the Sociology of Knowledge
- The Rise of Harvard, the Ivy League, and Structural Functionalism
- Sociological Theory from Midcentury
- Structural Functionalism: Peak and Decline
- Radical Sociology in America: C. Wright Mills
- The Development of Conflict Theory
- The Birth of Exchange Theory
- Dramaturgical Analysis: The Work of Erving Goffman
- The Development of Sociologies of Everyday Life
- Phenomenological Sociology and the Work of Alfred Schutz (1899–1959)
- Ethnomethodology
- Marxian Sociology
- The Challenge of Feminist Theory
- Theories of Race and Colonialism
- Structuralism and Poststructuralism
- Late Twentieth-Century Integrative Theory
- Micro-Macro Integration
- Agency-Structure Integration
- Theoretical Syntheses
- Theories of Modernity and Postmodernity
- The Defenders of Modernity
- The Proponents of Postmodernity
- Social Theory in the Twenty-First Century
- Theories of Consumption
- Theories of Globalization
- Theories of Science, Technology, and Society
- Summary
- Chapter 3 • Alexis de Tocqueville
- Comparative Study
- American Politics
- The Sociology in Tocqueville’s Work
- Mores
- Social Class
- Individualism
- Civil Associations
- Materialism
- Social Change
- The Key Sociological Problem(s)
- Stagnation
- Equality
- Despotism
- Centralization
- Freedom, Democracy, and Socialism
- Colonialism
- Contemporary Applications
- Summary
- Chapter 4 • Auguste Comte
- Comte’s Profound Ambitions
- Positivism: The Search for Invariant Laws
- Law of the Three Stages
- Positivism: The Search for Order and Progress
- Comte’s Sociology
- Social Statics
- The Individual in Comte’s Theory
- Collective Phenomena
- Social Dynamics
- History
- Social Statics
- Comte’s Profound Ambitions
- Theory and Practice
- Who Will Support Positivism?
- The Working Class
- Women
- Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions
- Who Will Support Positivism?
- Positive Contributions
- Basic Weaknesses in Comte’s Theory
- Spencer and Comte
- General Theoretical Principles
- Evolutionary Theory
- Sociology
- Defining the Science of Sociology
- Legitimizing Sociology
- Sociology and Biology
- Sociology and Psychology
- Sociological Methods
- Difficulties Facing Sociology
- Spencer’s Approach
- The Evolution of Society
- Simple and Compounded Societies
- Militant and Industrial Societies
- Defining the Science of Sociology
- Introduction
- The Dialectic
- Dialectical Method
- Fact and Value
- Reciprocal Relations
- Past, Present, Future
- No Inevitabilities
- Actors and Structures
- Human Potential
- Labor
- Alienation
- The Structures of Capitalist Society
- Commodities
- Fetishism of Commodities
- Capital, Capitalists, and the Proletariat
- Exploitation
- Class Conflict
- Capitalism as a Good Thing
- Materialist Conception of History
- Cultural Aspects of Capitalist Society
- Ideology
- Freedom, Equality, and Ideology
- Religion
- Ideology
- Marx’s Economics: A Case Study
- Communism
- Criticisms
- Contemporary Applications
- Summary
- Introduction
- Social Facts
- Material and Nonmaterial Social Facts
- Types of Nonmaterial Social Facts
- Morality
- Collective Conscience
- Collective Representations
- Social Currents
- Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
- Dynamic Density
- Repressive and Restitutive Law
- Normal and Pathological
- Justice
- The Four Types of Suicide
- Egoistic Suicide
- Altruistic Suicide
- Anomic Suicide
- Fatalistic Suicide
- Suicide Rates and Social Reform
- Early and Late Durkheimian Theory
- Theory of Religion—The Sacred and the Profane
- Beliefs, Rituals, and Church
- Why Primitive?
- Collective Effervescence
- Totemism
- Sociology of Knowledge
- Categories of Understanding
- Morality
- Moral Education
- Occupational Associations
- Methodology
- History and Sociology
- Verstehen
- Causality
- Ideal Types
- Values
- Values and Teaching
- Values and Research
- What Is Sociology?
- Social Action
- Class, Status, and Party
- Structures of Authority
- Rational-Legal Authority
- Traditional Authority
- Charismatic Authority
- Types of Authority and the “Real World”
- Rationalization
- Types of Rationality
- An Overarching Theory?
- Formal and Substantive Rationality
- Rationalization in Various Social Settings
- Religion and the Rise of Capitalism
- Paths to Salvation
- Religion and Capitalism in China
- Religion and Capitalism in India
- Primary Concerns
- Levels and Areas of Concern
- Dialectical Thinking
- Fashion
- Life
- More-Life and More-Than-Life
- Interaction: Forms and Types
- Social Geometry
- Social Types
- Social Forms
- Money and Value
- Money, Reification, and Rationalization
- Negative Effects
- Tragedy of Culture
- Secrecy and Social Relationships
- Other Thoughts on Secrecy
- Harriet Martineau (1802–1876)
- The Social Role of the Sociologist
- The Organization of Society
- Morals and Manners
- Anomaly
- Methods
- “Things” and Sympathy
- Feminism
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)
- The Organization of Society
- The Sexuo-Economic Relation
- Origins of Gender Stratification
- Androcentric Culture
- Public and Private Spheres
- Feminism
- Erasure
- The Organization of Society
- Jane Addams (1860–1935) and the Chicago Women’s School
- The Social Role of the Sociologist
- Jane Addams (1860–1935)
- The Basic Thesis
- Methods
- The Organization of Society
- Human Nature and Ethics
- The Social Ethic
- The Chicago Women’s School
- The Organization of Society and Social Role of the Sociologist
- Methods
- Collective Action and Social Change
- Methods
- The Lens of Race Relations
- Groups and Power
- Intersections: Race, Gender, Class
- The Organization of Society
- Vantage Point and “the Singing Something”
- The Standpoint of Women
- Gender and Power: Authority and Autonomy
- Gender and Culture: Objective Culture, Personal Culture, and the “Middle Ground of Daily Life”
- Differences among Women
- Social Change
- Method: Natural Experiments
- Social Change: Permeation
- The Social Role of the Sociologist
- Intellectual Influences
- Science and Positivism
- German Historicism and Romanticism
- Marxism
- Studying Race Scientifically: The Philadelphia Negro
- Crime
- Social Inequality: Caste and Class
- The Benevolent Despot
- Appeal to White Self-Interest
- Theoretical Contributions
- The Race Concept
- The Veil
- Double Consciousness or “Twoness”
- Economics
- Karl Marx, Socialism, and Communism
- Contemporary Applications
- Summary
- Intellectual Influences
- Marxian Theory
- Evolutionary Theory
- Economic Theory
- Basic Premises
- Human Nature
- Instinct of Workmanship
- Parental Bent
- Idle Curiosity
- Emulation
- The Industrial Arts
- Cultural Lag
- Human Nature
- Substantive Issues
- Theory of the Leisure Class
- Conspicuous Leisure
- Conspicuous Consumption
- Waste
- Other Characteristics
- Business versus Industry
- Business
- Industry
- Free Income
- The Price System
- Who Should Be in Charge?
- The Impact of Industry and the Machine on Society
- Trained Incapacity
- Politics
- Theory of the Leisure Class
- Criticisms and Contemporary Applications
- Summary
- Creative Destruction
- Schumpeter’s Broader Economic Theory
- Toward a More Dynamic Theory of the Economy
- Schumpeter’s Sociology
- Marx, Weber, and Rationalization
- The Future
- Contemporary Applications
- Summary
- The Sociology of Knowledge
- The Sociology of Knowledge and the Theory of Ideology
- Generations
- Politics
- A Sociological Approach
- Positivism
- Phenomenology
- A Sociology of the Sociology of Knowledge
- Relativism and Relationism
- The Intelligentsia
- Weltanschauung
- Steps in Practicing the Sociology of Knowledge
- The Sociology of Knowledge and the Theory of Ideology
- Ideology
- Utopia
- Disenchantment
- Hope for the Future
- Types of Rationality and Irrationality
- Intellectual Roots
- Behaviorism
- Pragmatism
- Dialectics
- The Priority of the Social
- The Act
- Stages
- Gestures
- Significant Symbols
- Mental Processes and the Mind
- Intelligence
- Consciousness
- Mind
- Self
- Child Development
- Play Stage
- Game Stage
- Generalized Other
- “I” and “Me”
- Child Development
- Society
- Criticisms and Contemporary Applications
- Summary
- The Ideas of Edmund Husserl
- Science and the Social World
- Life-World versus Science
- Constructing Ideal Types
- Typifications and Recipes
- The Life-World
- Intersubjectivity
- Knowledge
- Private Components of Knowledge
- Realms of the Social World
- Folgewelt and Vorwelt
- Umwelt and We Relations
- Mitwelt and They Relations
- Consciousness, Meanings, and Motives
- Criticisms and Contemporary Applications
- Summary
- Parsons’s Integrative Efforts
- General Principles
- Philosophical and Theoretical Roots
- Action Theory
- Parsons’s Action Theory
- The Turn Away from Action Theory
- Need-Dispositions
- Motivational Orientations
- Value Orientations
- Pattern Variables
- AGIL
- Consistency in Parsonsian Theory: Integration and Order
- The Action System
- Social System
- Actors and the Social System
- Cultural System
- Personality System
- Behavioral Organism
- Social System
- Evolutionary Theory
- Generalized Media of Interchange
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 14291
- Útgáfuár : 2020
- Leyfi : 379