Efnisyfirlit

• Contents
• To the Professor
• To the Student
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1: Chemical Foundations
  • 1.1 Chemistry: An Overview
  • 1.2 Science: A Process for Understanding Nature and Its Changes
  • 1.3 Units of Measurement
  • 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement
  • 1.5 Significant Figures and Calculations
  • 1.6 Learning to Solve Problems Systematically
  • 1.7 Dimensional Analysis
  • 1.8 Temperature
  • 1.9 Density
  • 1.10 Classification of Matter
  • 1.11 Separation of Mixtures
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
  • 2.1 The Early History of Chemistry
  • 2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws
  • 2.3 Dalton's Atomic Theory
  • 2.4 Early Experiments to Characterize the Atom
  • 2.5 The Modern View of Atomic Structure: An Introduction
  • 2.6 Molecules and Ions
  • 2.7 An Introduction to the Periodic Table
  • 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 3: Stoichiometry
  • 3.1 Counting by Weighing
  • 3.2 Atomic Masses
  • 3.3 The Mole
  • 3.4 Molar Mass
  • 3.5 Learning to Solve Problems
  • 3.6 Percent Composition of Compounds
  • 3.7 Determining the Formula of a Compound
  • 3.8 Chemical Equations
  • 3.9 Balancing Chemical Equations
  • 3.10 Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of Reactants and Products
  • 3.11 The Concept of Limiting Reactant
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 4: Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
  • 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent
  • 4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes
  • 4.3 The Composition of Solutions
  • 4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions
  • 4.5 Precipitation Reactions
  • 4.6 Describing Reactions in Solution
  • 4.7 Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions
  • 4.8 Acid-Base Reactions
  • 4.9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  • 4.10 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations
  • 4.11 Simple Oxidation-Reduction Titrations
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 5: Gases
  • 5.1 Pressure
  • 5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro
  • 5.3 The Ideal Gas Law
  • 5.4 Gas Stoichiometry
  • 5.5 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
  • 5.6 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
  • 5.7 Effusion and Diffusion
  • 5.8 Real Gases
  • 5.9 Characteristics of Several Real Gases
  • 5.10 Chemistry in the Atmosphere
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 6: Thermochemistry
  • 6.1 The Nature of Energy
  • 6.2 Enthalpy and Calorimetry
  • 6.3 Hess's Law
  • 6.4 Standard Enthalpies of Formation
  • 6.5 Present Sources of Energy
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 7: Atomic Structure and Periodicity
  • 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
  • 7.2 The Nature of Matter
  • 7.3 The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen
  • 7.4 The Bohr Model
  • 7.5 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
  • 7.6 Quantum Numbers
  • 7.7 Orbital Shapes and Energies
  • 7.8 Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle
  • 7.9 Polyelectronic Atoms
  • 7.10 The History of the Periodic Table
  • 7.11 The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table
  • 7.12 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties
  • 7.13 The Properties of a Group: The Alkali Metals
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 8: Bonding: General Concepts
  • 8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
  • 8.2 Electronegativity
  • 8.3 Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments
  • 8.4 Ions: Electron Configurations and Sizes
  • 8.5 Energy Effects in Binary Ionic Compounds
  • 8.6 Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds
  • 8.7 The Covalent Chemical Bond: A Model
  • 8.8 Covalent Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions
  • 8.9 The Localized Electron Bonding Model
  • 8.10 Lewis Structures
  • 8.11 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
  • 8.12 Resonance
  • 8.13 Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 9: Covalent Bonding: Orbitals
  • 9.1 Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model
  • 9.2 The Molecular Orbital Model
  • 9.3 Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
  • 9.4 Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
  • 9.5 Combining the Localized Electron and Molecular Orbital Models
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 10: Liquids and Solids
  • 10.1 A Review of States of Matter
  • 10.2 Intermolecular Forces
  • 10.3 The Liquid State
  • 10.4 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids
  • 10.5 Structure and Bonding in Metals
  • 10.6 Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids
  • 10.7 Molecular Solids
  • 10.8 Ionic Solids
  • 10.9 Vapor Pressure and Changes of State
  • 10.10 Phase Diagrams
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 11: Properties of Solutions
  • 11.1 Solution Composition
  • 11.2 The Energies of Solution Formation
  • 11.3 Factors Affecting Solubility
  • 11.4 The Vapor Pressures of Solutions
  • 11.5 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression
  • 11.6 Osmotic Pressure
  • 11.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
  • 11.8 Colloids
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 12: Chemical Kinetics
  • 12.1 Reaction Rates
  • 12.2 Rate Laws: An Introduction
  • 12.3 Determining the Form of the Rate Law
  • 12.4 The Integrated Rate Law
  • 12.5 Reaction Mechanisms
  • 12.6 A Model for Chemical Kinetics
  • 12.7 Catalysis
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 13: Chemical Equilibrium
  • 13.1 The Equilibrium Condition
  • 13.2 The Equilibrium Constant
  • 13.3 Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures
  • 13.4 Heterogeneous Equilibria
  • 13.5 Applications of the Equilibrium Constant
  • 13.6 Solving Equilibrium Problems
  • 13.7 Le Chatelier's Principle
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
  • 14.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases
  • 14.2 Acid Strength
  • 14.3 The pH Scale
  • 14.4 Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions
  • 14.5 Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions
  • 14.6 Bases
  • 14.7 Polyprotic Acids
  • 14.8 Acid-Base Properties of Salts
  • 14.9 The Effect of Structure on Acid-Base Properties
  • 14.10 Acid-Base Properties of Oxides
  • 14.11 The Lewis Acid-Base Model
  • 14.12 Strategy for Solving Acid-Base Problems: A Summary
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 15: Acid-Base Equilibria
  • 15.1 Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion
  • 15.2 Buffered Solutions
  • 15.3 Buffering Capacity
  • 15.4 Titrations and pH Curves
  • 15.5 Acid-Base Indicators
  • 15.6 Polyprotic Acid Titrations
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 16: Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria
  • 16.1 Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product
  • 16.2 Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis
  • 16.3 Equilibria Involving Complex Ions
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 17: Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy
  • 17.1 Spontaneous Processes and Entropy
  • 17.2 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
  • 17.3 The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity
  • 17.4 Free Energy
  • 17.5 Entropy Changes in Aqueous Solutions
  • 17.6 Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
  • 17.7 Free Energy and Chemical Reactions
  • 17.8 The Dependence of Free Energy on Pressure
  • 17.9 Free Energy and Equilibrium
  • 17.10 Free Energy and Work
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 18: Electrochemistry
  • 18.1 Galvanic Cells
  • 18.2 Standard Reduction Potentials
  • 18.3 Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy
  • 18.4 Dependence of Cell Potential on Concentration
  • 18.5 Batteries
  • 18.6 Corrosion
  • 18.7 Electrolysis
  • 18.8 Commercial Electrolytic Processes
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 19: The Nucleus: A Chemist's View
  • 19.1 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay
  • 19.2 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
  • 19.3 Nuclear Transformations
  • 19.4 Detection and Uses of Radioactivity
  • 19.5 Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus
  • 19.6 Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
  • 19.7 Effects of Radiation
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 20: The Representative Elements
  • 20.1 A Survey of the Representative Elements
  • 20.2 The Group 1A(1) Elements
  • 20.3 The Chemistry of Hydrogen
  • 20.4 The Group 2A(2) Elements
  • 20.5 The Group 3A(13) Elements
  • 20.6 The Group 4A(14) Elements
  • 20.7 The Group 5A(15) Elements
  • 20.8 The Chemistry of Nitrogen
  • 20.9 The Chemistry of Phosphorus
  • 20.10 The Group 6A(16) Elements
  • 20.11 The Chemistry of Oxygen
  • 20.12 The Chemistry of Sulfur
  • 20.13 The Group 7A(17) Elements
  • 20.14 The Group 8A(18) Elements
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 21: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
  • 21.1 The Transition Metals: A Survey
  • 21.2 The First-Row Transition Metals
  • 21.3 Coordination Compounds
  • 21.4 Isomerism
  • 21.5 Bonding in Complex Ions: The Localized Electron Model
  • 21.6 The Crystal Field Model
  • 21.7 The Biological Importance of Coordination Complexes
  • 21.8 Metallurgy and Iron and Steel Production
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Chapter 22: Organic and Biological Molecules
  • 22.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
  • 22.2 Alkenes and Alkynes
  • 22.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • 22.4 Hydrocarbon Derivatives
  • 22.5 Polymers
  • 22.6 Natural Polymers
  • For Review
  • Key Terms
  • Questions and Exercises
• Appendix 1: Mathematical Procedures
• Appendix 2: The Quantitative Kinetic Molecular Model
• Appendix 3: Spectral Analysis
• Appendix 4: Selected Thermodynamic Data
• Appendix 5: Equilibrium Constants and Reduction Potentials
• Appendix 6: SI Units and Conversion Factors
• Appendix 7: Molecular Spectroscopy: An Introduction
• Answers to Selected Exercises
• Index

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