Brunnstrom's Clinical Kinesiology
Höfundur: Peggy Houglum
10.990 kr.
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SJÚ306G Hreyfivísindi I: Starfræn líffærafræði og lífaflfræði
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A classic reborn for its Golden Anniversary. The 6th Edition of this hallmark text celebrates 50 years in print with a Golden Anniversary Edition that retains its classic approach to functional movement. An all-new author team, a brand-new, full-color design, and new learning and teaching resources online all make the field’s gold standard more valuable than ever as it prepares readers to apply theory to clinical practice.
Annað
- Höfundur: Peggy Houglum
- Útgáfa:6
- Útgáfudagur:
- Engar takmarkanir á útprentun
- Engar takmarkanir afritun
- Format:Page Fidelity
- ISBN 13: 9780803626416
- Print ISBN: 9780803623521
- ISBN 10: 080362641X
Efnisyfirlit
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- Biographical Sketch of Signe Brunnstrom
- Contributors
- Reviewers
- Acknowledgments
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- Introduction
- Unit 1: BasicConcepts
- Chapter 1: Basic Concepts in Kinesiology: Kinematics
- Historical Perspective: A Glance at the Past
- Introduction
- Kinesiology Terminology
- Human Movement: Kinetics and Kinematics
- Planes of Motion and Axes of Motion
- Frontal Plane
- Sagittal Plane
- Horizontal Plane
- Segment and Body Motion
- Naming Movements at Joints
- Special Cases
- Osteokinematics: Joint Motion in Terms of Position and Type
- Definition
- Description of Types of Motion
- Translatory Motion
- Rotary Motion
- Impact of Translatory and Rotary Motion
- Degrees of Freedom
- Clinical Goniometry
- End Feel
- Kinematic Chains
- Open and Closed Kinematic Chains
- Chapter 1: Basic Concepts in Kinesiology: Kinematics
- Arthrokinematics: Joint Surface Motion
- Definition
- Types of Joints
- Joint Structure
- Synarthrodial Joints
- Amphiarthrodial Joints
- Diarthrodial Joints
- Joint Capsule
- Other Materials Found in Synovial Joints
- Basic Arthrokinematic Joint Motions
- Joint Shapes as They Pertain to Arthrokinematic Motion
- Joint Axes in Function
- Close-Packed and Open-Packed Joint Positions
- Clinical Applications
- Summary
- Discussion Questions
- Lab Activities
- References
- Introduction
- Determinants of Motions
- Types of Motion
- Location of Motion
- Magnitude of Motion
- Direction of Motion
- Rate of Motion and Change of Motion
- Forces
- Types of Forces
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Acceleration
- Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Action-Reaction
- Force Vectors and Their Considerations
- Force Vector Diagrams
- Composition of Forces
- Levers
- First-Class Lever
- Second-Class Lever
- Third-Class Lever
- Mechanical Advantage
- Static Equilibrium
- Torque
- Parallel Force Systems
- Resolution of Forces
- Forces Acting at Angles
- Laws of the Right Triangle
- Force Applications to the Body
- Weight and Center of Gravity (Center of Mass)
- Center of Gravity or Center of Mass
- Stable, Unstable, and Neutral Equilibrium
- Base of Support
- Levers and Muscle Activity
- Free Body Diagrams
- Calculation of Muscle and Joint Forces
- Muscles
- Joints
- Applying Resistances to the Body
- Weight and Center of Gravity (Center of Mass)
- Clinical Application of Concepts
- Pulleys
- Single Fixed Pulley
- Movable Pulley
- Anatomic Pulleys
- Leverage Factor
- Stretching vs. Joint Mobilization
- Pressure
- Pulleys
- SUMMARY
- Discussion Questions
- Lab Activities
- References
- Introduction
- Physiology of Excitable Tissue: Nerve and Muscle
- Nervous System Anatomy Overview
- Nervous System Classifications
- Nerve Fibers
- Nerve Fibers in the Peripheral Nervous System
- Classification of Motor and Sensory Nerve Fiberson the Basis of Axonal Diameter in the PeripheralNer
- Classification of Sensory Fibers on the Basis ofFiber Origin within the Peripheral Nervous System
- Classification of Motor Fibers on the Basis of FiberDestination within the Peripheral Nervous System
- Nerve Fibers in the Central Nervous System
- Nerve Fibers in the Peripheral Nervous System
- Structure of Skeletal Muscle
- Muscle and Muscle Fiber Structure
- Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
- Myoneural Junction:Transmission of Impulses fromNerves to Skeletal Muscle Fibers
- Conduction of Muscle Impulses to the Interiorof the Muscle Fiber: Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Excitation-Contraction Coupling
- Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Contraction
- Muscle Relaxation
- Gradation of Strength of Muscle Contraction
- Joint Receptors
- Golgi Tendon Organs
- Muscle Spindles
- Focus on the Sensory Function of the Muscle Spindle
- Focus on the Motor Function of the Muscle Spindle
- Summary of Muscle Spindle Functions
- Kinesthesia and Proprioception
- Dynamic Systems Approach to Understanding Motor Control
- Motor Control at the Spinal Region
- Reflexes
- Pattern Generators
- Motor Control within the Brainstem
- Cerebral Motor Centers
- Motor Cortex
- Intermediate Control Centers
- Cerebellum
- Basal Ganglia
- Integration of Motor Control to Produce Functional Movement
- Muscle Weakness
- Abnormal Muscle Tone
- Coordination Problems
- Involuntary Movements
- Peripheral Nerve Injury
- Cerebral Palsy
- Cerebrovascular Accident
- Basal Ganglia Disorders
- Cerebellar Disorders
- Introduction
- Muscle Activity
- Recording Muscle Activity
- Muscle Activation
- Isometric
- Concentric
- Eccentric
- Isotonic
- Isokinetic
- Muscle Anatomic Activity
- Muscle Attachments
- Muscle Fiber Types
- Muscle Functional Activity
- Agonist
- Antagonist
- Synergist
- Viscosity
- Elasticity and Extensibility
- Stress-Strain
- Creep
- Muscle Size
- Fiber Architecture
- Passive Components
- Length-Tension Relationships and Physiological Length of Muscle
- Moment Arm
- Speed of Contraction
- Active Tension
- Age and Gender
- Passive Insufficiency
- Tendon Action of Muscle
- Active Insufficiency
- Leverage and Length-Tension Interactions
- Positive and Negative Work
- Eccentric Muscle Forces
- Energy Expenditure
- Differences in Crossbridge Mechanisms
- Elastic Forces of Muscle
- Open Kinetic Chain versus Closed Kinetic Chain
- Exercise-Induced Muscle Injury
- Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
- Hamstring Strain
- Chapter 5: Shoulder Complex
- Introduction
- Bones
- Manubrium
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Humerus
- Joints
- Definition of Shoulder Girdle Movements
- Shoulder Girdle Elevation
- Shoulder Girdle Depression
- Shoulder Girdle Protraction
- Shoulder Girdle Retraction
- Shoulder Girdle Upward Rotation
- Shoulder Girdle Downward Rotation
- Scapular Tilting
- Anterior-Posterior Tilting of the Scapula
- Medial-Lateral Tilting of the Scapula
- Definition of Shoulder Girdle Movements
- Sternoclavicular Joint
- Sternoclavicular Joint Ligaments
- Sternoclavicular Joint Kinematics
- Sternoclavicular Joint Arthrokinematics
- Acromioclavicular Joint
- Acromioclavicular Joint Ligaments
- Acromioclavicular Joint Kinematics
- Scapulothoracic Joint
- Scapulothoracic Joint Function
- Scapulothoracic Kinematics
- Scapular Elevation and Depression
- Scapular Protraction and Retraction
- Scapular Upward Rotation and Downward Rotation
- Glenohumeral Joint
- Type of Joint
- Capsular Reinforcement
- Coracoacromial Arch
- Bursae
- Glenohumeral Joint Kinematics
- Glenohumeral Arthrokinematic Motions
- Shoulder Abduction in the Plane of the Scapula (Scaption)
- Resting and Close-Packed Positions of the Shoulder Complex Joints
- The Bicipital Groove
- Scapular Stabilizer Muscles of the Shoulder Complex
- Serratus Anterior
- Trapezius
- Rhomboid Major and Minor
- Pectoralis Minor
- Levator Scapulae
- Glenohumeral Stabilizing Muscles of the Shoulder
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
- Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii
- Large Muscle Movers of the Shoulder
- Deltoid
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Teres Major
- Pectoralis Major
- Coracobrachialis
- Passive and Dynamic Stabilization of the Glenohumeral Joint
- Passive Stabilization
- Dynamic Stabilization
- Rotator Cuff Stabilization
- Biceps Brachii
- The Deltoid and Rotator Cuff
- Placing the Hand behind the Head
- Pulling
- Introduction
- Bones
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
- Joints
- Humeroulnar and Humeroradial Joints
- Osteokinematics
- Arthrokinematics
- Humeroulnar Arthrokinematics
- Humeroradial Arthrokinematics
- Carrying Angle
- Soft Tissue of the Humeroulnar and Humeroradial Articulations
- Radioulnar Articulations
- Radioulnar Joint Kinematics
- Arthrokinematics of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint
- Arthrokinematics of the Distal Radioulnar Joint
- Soft Tissue of the Radioulnar Joint Complex
- Humeroulnar and Humeroradial Joints
- Elbow Flexors
- Brachialis
- Biceps Brachii
- Brachioradialis
- Pronator Teres
- Elbow Extensors
- Triceps Brachii
- Anconeus
- Forearm Supinators
- Forearm Pronators
- Pronator Teres
- Pronator Quadratus
- Muscles as Agonists, Antagonists, and/or Synergists
- Selection of Muscles in Functional Movement: Synergistic Contractions
- One-Joint and Multijoint Muscles of the Elbow and Forearm
- Typical Elbow and Forearm Muscular Function: Summary and Comparisons
- Elbow Flexion
- Supination and Pronation
- Comparison of actions of the biceps brachiiand the supinator in supination
- Comparison of actions of the pronator teresand the pronator quadratus in pronation
- Extension: Comparison of action of the triceps and the anconeus
- Closed Kinematic Chain Motion at the Elbow Complex
- Placing the Hand behind the Head
- Pulling
- Introduction
- Bones
- Wrist
- Distal Ulna
- Distal Radius
- Carpal Bones
- Hand
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
- Wrist
- Joints
- Wrist
- Radiocarpal Joint
- Midcarpal Joint
- Hand
- Carpometacarpal Joints
- Fingers and Thumb
- Metacarpophalangeal Joints
- Interphalangeal Joints
- Soft Tissue Supporting Structures
- Ligaments of the Wrist
- Ligaments of the Hand and Fingers
- Wrist
- Muscles Acting on the Wrist
- Wrist Extensors
- Wrist Flexors
- Radial and Ulnar Motions
- Muscles Acting on the Digits
- Extrinsic Muscles
- Long Finger Extensors
- Long Finger Flexors
- Thumb Muscles
- Thumb Flexors
- Thumb Extensors
- Thumb Abductors
- Intrinsic Muscles
- Thenar Muscle Group
- Hypothenar Muscle Group
- Deep Muscle (Midpalm) Group
- Extrinsic Muscles
- Tendinous System
- Retinacular System
- Extensor Hood
- Flexor Pulleys
- Motions of the Wrist
- Osteokinematic Wrist Motions
- Arthrokinematic Wrist Motions
- Motions of the Fingers
- Osteokinematic Motions of the Fingers
- Arthrokinematic Motions of the Fingers
- Types of Grasp
- Strength of Grip
- Grasping
- Role of the Wrist Extensors in Grasping
- Role of the Long Finger Flexors in Grasping
- Role of the Intrinsic Muscles in Grasping
- Intrinsic-Plus and Intrinsic-Minus Positions
- Abduction and Adduction of Digits 2 to 5
- Relationship of MCP Abduction and Adduction to Flexion and Extension
- Muscles Acting in Abduction of the Fingers
- Muscles Acting in Adduction of the Fingers
- Opposition of the Little Finger
- Fingers
- Thumb
- Mobility
- Nomenclature
- Motion and Function
- Peripheral Nerve Innervations
- Peripheral Nerve Injuries
- Introduction
- Bones
- Normal Curves of the Vertebral Column
- Nonpalpable Structures
- Palpable Structures
- First and Second Cervical Vertebrae
- Third to Sixth Cervical Vertebrae
- C-7 Vertebra Prominence
- Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
- Sacrum and Coccyx
- Thorax (Rib Cage)
- Sternum
- Vertebral Motions
- Anterior Vertebral Joint Elements
- Longitudinal Ligaments
- Disc Pressures
- Posterior Vertebral Joint Elements
- Ligaments
- Coupling Motions
- Cervical Region
- Thoracic Region
- Facet Joints
- Costal Joints
- Lumbar Region
- Lumbosacral Junction
- Thoracolumbar Fascia
- Sacroiliac Joint
- Type of Joint
- Motions
- Ligaments
- Symphysis Pubis
- Coccygeal Joints
- Pelvic Balance
- Anterior Cervical Muscles
- Primary Neck Flexors
- Accessory Neck Flexors
- Posterior Cervical Muscles
- Suboccipital Muscles
- Transversospinal Muscles
- Erector Spinae Muscles
- Posterior Thoracic and Lumbar Muscles
- Deep Muscles of the Back
- Transversospinal Muscles
- Thoracic and Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscles
- Quadratus Lumborum
- Deep Muscles of the Back
- Anterior and Lateral Trunk Muscles
- Rectus Abdominis
- External Abdominal Oblique
- Internal Abdominal Oblique
- Transverse Abdominis
- External and Internal Intercostals
- Diaphragm
- Balancing of the Head and the Vertebral Column
- Trunk Motions and Stabilization of the Vertebrae
- Forward Bending and Lifting (Knees Extended)
- Squat Lifting
- Functional Activities (Muscles of the Extremities and Trunk)
- Breathing and Coughing
- Motions of the Temporomandibular Joint
- Muscles
- Jaw Closure
- Jaw Opening
- Temporomandibular Dysfunction
- Chapter 9: Pelvis and Hip
- Introduction
- Bones
- Pelvis
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
- Acetabulum
- Femur
- Biomechanical Angulations of the Femur
- Angle of Inclination
- Angle of Torsion
- Biomechanical Angulations of the Acetabulum
- Center Edge Angle
- Acetabular Anteversion Angle
- Pelvis
- Joints
- Pelvis
- Hip Joint
- Osteokinematics
- Pelvic Motion on the Femur
- Hip Motion on the Pelvis
- Arthrokinematics
- Soft Tissue at the Hip Joint
- Muscles
- Flexors
- Iliopsoas
- Rectus Femoris
- Sartorius
- Tensor Fasciae Latae
- Pectineus
- Secondary Flexors
- Adductors
- Adductor longus and brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Gracilis
- Extensors
- Gluteus Maximus
- Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
- Abductors
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
- Tensor Fasciae Latae
- Lateral Rotators
- Medial Rotators
- Flexors
- Factors Affecting the Roles of the Muscles of the Pelvis and Hip
- Muscle Line of Pull and Leverage
- Muscular Sufficiency: Multi-Joint versus Single-Joint Muscles
- Weight-bearing and Nonweight-bearing Functions of Hip Muscles
- Analysis of Muscle Activity at Pelvis and Hip
- Analysis of Sagittal Plane Motion at the Hip and Pelvis
- Overview of Hip Flexion Function
- Hip Flexion in Standing
- Hip Flexion in the Sitting Position
- Sit-ups and Straight Leg Raises
- Overview of Hip Extension Function
- Hip Extension in Prone
- Hip Extensors in Stance and in the Sitting Position
- Overview of Hip Flexion Function
- Analysis of Sagittal Plane Motion at the Hip and Pelvis
- Analysis of Frontal Plane Motion and Control at the Hip and Pelvis
- Overview of Abduction Function
- Overview of Adduction Function
- Analysis of Transverse Plane Motion at the Hip and Pelvis
- Pelvic Rotation
- Overview of Hip Medial and Lateral Rotation Function
- Introduction
- Bones
- Femur
- Tibia
- Patella
- Joints
- Tibiofemoral Joint
- Menisci
- Ligaments and Capsule
- Collateral Ligaments
- Cruciate Ligaments
- Capsule and Other Inert Soft Tissue Structures
- Kinematics of the Tibiofemoral Joint
- Axes for Flexion and Extension
- Axial Rotation
- Terminal Rotation of the Knee
- Arthrokinematics of the Tibiofemoral Joint
- Patellofemoral Joint
- Kinematics of the Patellofemoral Joint
- Patellofemoral Contact
- Patellofemoral Static and Dynamic Alignment
- Arthrokinematics of the Patellofemoral Joint
- Kinematics of the Patellofemoral Joint
- Q Angle
- Tibiofemoral Joint
- Muscles
- Knee Extensors
- Knee Flexors
- Tibial Rotators
- Functions of Muscles of the Knee
- Knee Extensors
- Knee Flexors
- Hamstrings
- Popliteus
- One-Joint and Two-Joint Muscles Acting at the Knee
- Knee Flexion Combined with Hip Extension
- Knee Extension Combined with Hip Flexion
- Knee Flexion Combined with Hip Flexion
- Knee Extension Combined with Hip Extension
- Knee Flexion Combined with Ankle Plantarflexion
- Knee Extension Combined with Ankle Plantarflexion
- Tibiofemoral Joint Forces
- Patellofemoral Joint Forces
- Torque of Muscles Acting at the Knee
- Quadriceps Femoris Torque
- Knee Flexor Muscle Torque
- Hamstrings to Quadriceps Torque Ratio
- Sensory Innervation and Reflexes
- Static and Dynamic Connections
- Muscle Protection of Ligaments
- Introduction
- Bones
- Leg Bones
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsal Bones
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Navicular
- Three Cuneiforms
- Cuboid
- Metatarsal Bones
- Phalanges
- Leg Bones
- Joints
- Motion Terminology
- Tibiofibular Joints
- Kinematics
- Arthrokinematics
- Talocrural Joint
- Kinematics
- Arthrokinematics
- Subtalar Joint
- Kinematics
- Arthrokinematics
- Transverse Tarsal Joint
- Talonavicular Joint
- Calcaneocuboid Joint
- Kinematics
- Arthrokinematics
- Tarsometatarsal Joints
- Intermetatarsal Joints
- Metatarsophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints
- Muscles of the Ankle and Foot
- Posterior Group of Muscles
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris
- Function of the Triceps Surae
- Tibialis Posterior
- Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Functions of the Deep Muscles of the Calf
- Lateral Group of Muscles
- Peroneus (fibularis) Longus and Brevis
- Functions of the Peroneal Muscles
- Anterior Group of Muscles
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Extensor Digitorum Longus and Peroneus Tertius
- Function of the Pretibial Group
- Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
- Posterior Group of Muscles
- Function of Leg and Foot Muscles and Joints
- Pronation and Supination
- At the Subtalar Joint
- Other Joints
- Arches of the Foot
- Loading of the Foot
- Deformities of the Foot
- Pes Planus (Flat Foot)
- Pes Cavus (Club Foot)
- Hallux Valgus
- Pronation and Supination
- Introduction
- Stance Posture
- Forces Required to Maintain Stance
- Postural Sway
- Balance of Forces Occurring in Symmetric Stance: Functional Applications
- Functional Stance Control at the Ankle Joint
- Functional Stance Control at the Knee Joint
- Functional Stance Control at the Hip Joint
- Functional Stance Control at the Head and Trunk
- Recovery Strategies
- Ankle strategy
- Hip strategy
- Stepping or Reaching Strategies
- Gait Terminology
- Functional Tasks of Gait
- Kinematics of Gait
- Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Gait
- Angular Joint Displacements
- Sagittal Plane Motion
- PELVIS
- HIP
- KNEE
- ANKLE AND FOOT
- Frontal Plane Motion
- PELVIS
- HIP
- KNEE
- Ankle and Foot
- Subtalar Joint
- Midtarsal Joint
- Toes
- Transverse Plane Motion
- PELVIS
- HIP
- KNEE
- Combined Ankle and Foot
- Sagittal Plane Motion
- Range of Motion Requirements of Normal Gait
- Ground Reaction Forces
- Muscular Activation Patterns
- Summary of Muscular Activation Patterns through the Gait Cycle
- Initial Contact
- Loading Response
- Midstance
- Terminal Stance and Preswing
- Swing Phases
- Identification of Muscular Activation Patterns by Body Segment
- Upper Extremity Muscles
- Trunk Muscles
- Lower Extremity Muscles
- HIP FLEXORS
- HIP EXTENSORS
- HIP ABDUCTORS
- HIP ADDUCTORS
- KNEE EXTENSORS
- KNEE FLEXORS
- ANKLE DORSIFLEXORS
- ANKLE PLANTARFLEXORS
- INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE FOOT
- Advances in Laboratory Gait Analysis
- Observational Gait Analysis in the Clinic Setting
- Immature Walking
- Mature Walking
- Gait Changes in the Older Adult
- Determinants of Gait
- Pelvis and Hip Determinants
- Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot Determinants
- Overall Effect of Determinants
- Challenges to Gait Efficiency
- Impaired Gait in Common Pathological Neurologic Conditions
- Neurological Gait: Cerebral Palsy
- Neurological Gait: Cerebrovascular Accidentand Adult Hemiplegia
- Neurological Gait: Parkinson’s Disease
- Neurological Gait: Ataxia
- Impaired Gait in Common Pathological Orthopedic Conditions
- Orthopedic Gait:Quadriceps Weakness
- Orthopedic Gait: Knee Motion Restriction
- Orthopedic Gait: Ankle Motion Restriction
- Orthopedic Gait: Gluteus Medius Weakness
- Effect of an Assistive Device on the Functional Tasks and Efficiency of Gait
- Impaired Gait in Common Pathological Neurologic Conditions
- Phases
- Stance Phase: Absorption
- Stance Phase: Propulsion
- Swing Phase: Initial Swing
- Swing Phase: Terminal Swing
- Kinematics
- Sagittal Plane Motion
- Trunk and Pelvis
- Hip
- Knee
- Ankle and Foot
- Frontal Plane Motion
- Trunk and Pelvis
- Hip
- Knee
- Ankle and Foot
- Transverse Plane Motion
- Trunk and Pelvis
- Hip
- Knee
- Ankle and Foot
- Sagittal Plane Motion
- Hip Muscle Groups
- Knee Muscle Groups
- Ankle and Foot Muscle Groups
- Internal Forces
- Ground Reaction Forces
- Introduction
- Mobility
- Floor Mobility: Rolling and Floor-to-Stand
- Rolling
- Supine to Prone
- SEQUENCE OF MOVEMENT
- JOINT MOTION
- MUSCLE ACTIVITY
- Supine to Prone
- Rolling
- Floor-to-Stand
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Floor Mobility: Rolling and Floor-to-Stand
- Sit-to-Stand from a Seated Position using the Arms of a Chair
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Sit-to-Stand from a Seated Position without using the Arms on a Chair
- Lifting Tasks
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Household Tasks
- Vacuuming
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Vacuuming
- Computer Stations
- Sequence of Movement and Joint Motions
- Muscle Activity
- Assembly Line Workers
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Patient Protective Measures: Spotting during Ambulation
- Sequence of Movement
- JOINT MOTION
- MUSCLE ACTIVITY
- Sequence of Movement
- Upper Extremity Resistance
- Lower Extremity Resistance
- Introduction
- Functional Applications
- Activities Requiring Primarily Shoulder Complex Movement
- Reaching Overhead and Forward
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Reaching Overhead and Backward
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Hobby or Work Activity: Sanding Wood
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Hygiene Activity: Oral Care
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Reaching Overhead and Forward
- Activities Requiring Primarily Shoulder Complex Movement
- Activities Requiring Primarily Elbow Movement
- Feeding
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Donning Socks or Pants
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Feeding
- Driving
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Pouring
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Turning a Key
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Using a Hammer
- Sequence of Movement
- Joint Motion
- Muscle Activity
- Introduction
- Sports Activities
- Baseball Pitching
- Windup Phase
- Early Cocking (Stride) Phase
- Late Cocking Phase
- Acceleration Phase
- Follow-through (Deceleration) Phase
- Fast Pitch Softball Pitching
- Windup Phase
- 6 o’clock Phase
- 3 o’clock Phase
- 12 o’clock Phase
- 9 o’clock Phase
- Follow-through Phase
- Soccer Instep Kick
- Backswing Phase
- Leg-Cocking Phase
- Acceleration Phase
- Follow-through Phase
- Freestyle Swimming
- Kicking
- Rolling
- Pull-through Phase
- Hand-entry Phase
- Early Pull-through Phase
- Middle Pull-through Phase
- Late Pull-through Phase
- Recovery Phase
- Baseball Pitching
- Golf Swing
- Windup Phase
- Forward Swing Phase
- Acceleration Phase
- Follow-through Phase
- Tennis Serve
- Windup Phase
- Cocking Phase
- Acceleration Phase
- Follow-through Phase
- Cycling
- Power Phase
- Recovery Phase
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Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.
Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.
Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.
Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu
- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 13108
- Leyfi : Eign , Leiga
