Efnisyfirlit

• Brown’s Boundary Control and Legal Principles
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface to the Seventh Edition
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1: History and Concept of Boundaries
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Significance of Boundaries
  • 1.3 Boundary References
  • 1.4 Terminus: The God (or Goddess) of Boundaries
  • 1.5 Disputes and Boundaries
  • 1.6 Role of the Surveyor in Boundaries
  • 1.7 What Is Being Created? What is Being located?
  • 1.8 Original Written Title
  • 1.9 Rights and Interests in Land Are Composed of a Bundle of Rights
  • 1.10 Role of the Court
  • 1.11 Real and Personal Property
  • 1.12 What Constitutes Real Property
  • 1.13 Nature of Modern Estates
  • 1.14 Taxes on Land and Tax Maps
  • 1.15 Easements and Licenses
  • 1.16 Servitudes, Restrictions, Covenants, and Conditions
  • 1.17 Actions on Boundaries and Easements
  • 1.18 One Unique Parcel or Boundary
  • 1.19 The Original Boundaries Are Sacred
  • 1.20 Conclusions
  • Bibliography
  • Notes
• Chapter 2: How Boundaries are Created
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Definitions
  • 2.3 Classification of Boundaries
  • 2.4 Methods of Boundary Creation
    • Creation of Boundaries by Running Lines
    • Creation of Boundaries by Verbal Actions
    • Creation of Boundaries by Survey
  • 2.5 Who May Create Boundaries?
  • 2.6 Sanctity of the Original Survey
  • 2.7 Original Lines Remain Fixed
  • 2.8 Distinctions between the Original Boundary Survey, the Retracement Survey, and the First Survey
  • 2.9 Original Technological Methods of Boundary Creation Not Relatable to Modern Methods
  • 2.10 Original Lines May Be Redescribed As a Result of a Retracement
  • 2.11 Conclusions
  • Notes
• Chapter 3: Ownership, Transfer, and Description of Real Property and Accompanying Rights
  • 3.1 Concepts of Boundaries, Land Ownership, and Land Descriptions
  • 3.2 Overview of Boundaries
    • Metes and Bounds Creation
    • GLO Creation
  • 3.3 Public and Private Lands
  • 3.4 Sources of Title
  • 3.5 Voluntary Transfer of Real Property
  • 3.6 Chain of Title
  • 3.7 Torrens Title System
  • 3.8 Unwritten Rights or Title to Land
  • 3.9 Methods of Voluntary Transfer of Title
  • 3.10 Deed or Description
  • 3.11 Title or Lien
  • 3.12 Deed of Trust
  • 3.13 Mortgage
  • 3.14 Escrow
  • 3.15 Title Assurance and Title Insurance
  • 3.16 Abstractors
  • 3.17 Attorney’s Opinion
  • 3.18 General Land Descriptions
  • 3.19 What Is in a description?
  • 3.20 Measurements
  • 3.21 Magnetic Directions
  • 3.22 Reference Datums
  • 3.23 Elements of Land Descriptions
  • 3.24 Types of Descriptions
  • 3.25 Conclusions
  • Notes
• Chapter 4: Boundaries, Law, and Related Presumptions
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Constitutional Law and the Surveyor
  • 4.3 Jurisdiction
  • 4.4 Federal Jurisdiction
  • 4.5 Federal Government, Agency, or Officer as a Party
  • 4.6 Sovereign Immunity
  • 4.7 United States as a Defendant
  • 4.8 Disposing of Federal Lands
  • 4.9 Color of Title Act
  • 4.10 Public Law 120
  • 4.11 Small Tracts Act
  • 4.12 Researching the Laws
  • 4.13 Court Reports
  • 4.14 Legal Research
  • 4.15 Judicial Notice
  • 4.16 Evidence
  • 4.17 Presumptions
    • Definition
  • 4.18 Common Presumptions
  • 4.19 Survey Systems Present in the United States
  • 4.20 Conclusions
  • References
  • Notes
• Chapter 5: Creation and Interpretation of Metes and Bounds and Other Nonsectionalized Descriptions
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Methods of Creating Metes and Bounds or Nonsectionalized Descriptions
  • 5.3 Metes Descriptions
  • 5.4 Bounds Descriptions
  • 5.5 Combination Metes and Bounds Descriptions
  • 5.6 Strip Descriptions and Stationing
  • 5.7 Descriptions by Reference
  • 5.8 Aliquot Descriptions
  • 5.9 Other Means of Creating Boundaries in Descriptions
    • Division Line Description
    • Distance Description
    • Proportional Conveyance Description
    • Exception Description
    • Area Description
    • “Of” Description
  • 5.10 Nomenclature in Metes and Bounds Descriptions
    • Direction of Travel
    • Measurements of Distance
    • Monuments
    • Record Monuments and Adjoiners
    • Properties of Monuments
  • 5.11 Adjoiners
  • 5.12 Deed Terms for Curves
    • Curves
  • 5.13 Lines and Their Elements
    • Lines
    • Compass Direction
    • Deflection Angle
    • Interior and Exterior Angles
    • Azimuth
    • Compass Points
    • Parallel Lines
    • Coordinates
    • Lambert and Mercator Grids
  • 5.14 Tax Descriptions and Abbreviated Descriptions
    • Tax Statements
    • Abbreviated Descriptions
  • 5.15 Subdivision Descriptions
  • 5.16 Parcels Created by Protraction
  • 5.17 Features of Platting Acts
  • 5.18 Writing Land Descriptions
  • 5.19 Early Surveys
  • 5.20 Priority of Calls in Metes and Bounds Surveys
  • 5.21 Applying Priority Calls
    • Lines Actually Run
    • Monuments Set
    • Adjoining Parcels
    • Area
  • 5.22 Conclusions
  • Notes
• Chapter 6: Creation and Retracement of GLO Boundaries
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Original Surveys and Corrective Surveys
  • 6.3 Law, Manuals, and Special Instructions
  • 6.4 Effect of Manuals on Resurveys
  • 6.5 History of the Public Land Survey System
  • 6.6 Testing Ground: The Seven Ranges
    • Outline of the Provision of the Ordinance of May 20, 1785, the Northwest Ordinance
  • 6.7 Act of May 18, 1796—Clarification of 1785
    • Summary of the Act of 1796
  • 6.8 Acts of 1800
    • Act of March 1, 1800
    • Act of May 10, 1800
    • Structure of Sections
  • 6.9 1803—The System Explodes
  • 6.10 Act of March 26, 1804
  • 6.11 Act of February 11, 1805
  • 6.12 Land Surveys After 1805
  • 6.13 Survey Instructions
    • Tiffin’s Instructions
    • General Instructions for Deputies
  • 6.14 State Instructions and Statutes
    • Act of March 3, 1811 (Louisiana)
    • Louisiana Instructions and Statutes
    • Half-Mile Posts: Alabama and Florida
  • 6.15 Instruments Used
  • 6.16 Field Notes
  • 6.17 Nomenclature for Sections
  • 6.18 Meandering
  • 6.19 Resurveys and Retracements
  • 6.20 Defective Boundaries Encountered in Resurveys
  • 6.21 Sectionalized Surveys and Innovations
  • 6.22 Irregular Original Government Subdivisions
  • 6.23 Townships Other Than Regular
  • 6.24 Summary of the GLO System
  • Notes
• Chapter 7: Federal and State Nonsectionalized Land Surveys
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Early New England and Other Colonial-Era Surveys
  • 7.3 Ohio Company of Associates
  • 7.4 Donation Tract
  • 7.5 Symmes Purchase
  • 7.6 Virginia Military District
  • 7.7 United States Military Tract
  • 7.8 Connecticut Western Reserve and Firelands
  • 7.9 Moravian Tracts
  • 7.10 Florida Keys Survey
  • 7.11 Donation Land Claims
  • 7.12 Exchange Surveys and Their Status
  • 7.13 Prior Land Grants from Foreign Governments
  • 7.14 French Grants in the Louisiana Purchase
  • 7.15 Mississippi Townships
  • 7.16 Soldier’s Additional Homestead
  • 7.17 Indian Allotment Surveys
  • 7.18 National Forest Homestead Entry
  • 7.19 Tennessee Townships
  • 7.20 Florida: Forbes Company Purchase Surveys
  • 7.21 Georgia Lot System
  • Surveys in the Noncontinental United States
  • 7.22 General Comments
  • 7.23 Hawaiian Land Laws
    • Hawaiian Land Titles
    • Hawaiian Law and Kamaaina
    • The Great Mahele of 1848
    • Hawaiian Land Court
    • Hawaiian Surveys
    • Water Boundaries
    • Adverse Possession
  • 7.24 Puerto Rican Land Surveys
    • Old Spanish Surveys
    • Modern Land Subdivisions In Puerto Rico
    • Natural Watercourses
    • Land Parcel Research
    • Survey Authority
    • Preparation of Deeds and Descriptions
    • Registration of Land Titles
  • 7.25 Federal Mineral Surveys: General Comments
  • 7.26 Water and Mineral Right Laws
  • 7.27 Land Open to Appropriation of Minerals
  • 7.28 Veins, Lodes, or Ledges
  • 7.29 Extralateral and Intralimital Rights
  • 7.30 Mill Sites
  • 7.31 Tunnel Locations
  • 7.32 Size of Claims
  • 7.33 Discovery
  • 7.34 Locations
  • 7.35 Possession
  • 7.36 Annual Expenditures
  • 7.37 Requirements for Patent
  • 7.38 United States Mineral Surveyors
  • 7.39 Survey of the Claim
  • 7.40 Conclusions
  • Recommended Reading
  • Notes
• Chapter 8: Locating Easements and Reversions
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Rights Granted
  • 8.3 Fee Title or Easement Right
  • 8.4 Three Easement Descriptions and Three Boundaries
  • 8.5 Ownership of the Bed of Easements
  • 8.6 Surveyor’s Responsibility as to Easements
  • 8.7 Requirements for Locating Easements
  • 8.8 Centerline Presumption
  • 8.9 Conveyances with Private Way Boundaries
  • 8.10 Use of Easements
  • 8.11 Revival of Public Easements
  • 8.12 Creation of Easement Boundaries
  • 8.13 Dividing Private Street Ownership
  • 8.14 Words Used in Centerline Conveyances
  • 8.15 Apportioning Reversion Rights
  • 8.16 General Principle of Reversion
  • 8.17 Reversion Rights of a Lot on a Curved Street
  • 8.18 Lots Adjoining Two Subdivision Boundaries
  • 8.19 Lots at an Angle Point in a Road
  • 8.20 Indeterminate Situations
  • 8.21 Exceptions to the Rules of Apportionment
  • 8.22 Describing Vacated Streets and Easements
  • 8.23 Litigating Easements
  • 8.24 Conclusions
  • Notes
• Chapter 9: Riparian and Littoral Boundaries
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Ownership of the Seas
  • 9.3 Ownership of the U.S. Territorial Sea
    • Federal Claims
    • State Claims
  • 9.4 Ownership of Interior Tidal Waters of the United States
  • 9.5 Landward Boundary of Tidal Waters
    • General Anglo-American Common Law
    • Exceptions Based on Massachusetts Colonial Ordinance
    • Exceptions Based on Civil Law
  • 9.6 Ownership of Nontidal Navigable Waters
  • 9.7 Landward Boundaries of Nontidal Waters
  • 9.8 Significance of Public Land Survey Meander Lines
  • 9.9 Ownership of Non–Publicly Owned Submerged Lands
  • 9.10 Swamp and Overflowed Lands
  • 9.11 Navigational Servitude
  • 9.12 Public Regulation of Riparian and Littoral Lands
  • 9.13 Shoreline Changes and Water Boundaries
  • 9.14 Apportionment of Riparian and Littoral Rights
  • 9.15 Emergent or Omitted Islands
  • 9.16 Water Boundaries other Than Sea
  • 9.17 Major Recognized Areas
  • 9.18 Conclusions and Recommendations
  • Notes
• Chapter 10: Retracing and “Resurveying” Sectionalized Lands
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Areas of Authority
  • 10.3 Resurvey or Retracement
  • 10.4 Types of Surveys and Resurveys
  • 10.5 Court of Proper Jurisdiction
  • 10.6 Federal Patents
  • 10.7 Intent of the Government
  • 10.8 Senior Rights
  • 10.9 Following the Footsteps
  • 10.10 Lines Marked and Surveyed
  • 10.11 Original Corners
  • 10.12 Original Field Notes and Plats
  • 10.13 Closing Corners
  • 10.14 Identification of Corners and Lines
  • 10.15 Monuments and Their Identification
  • 10.16 Evidence of Corners
  • 10.17 Use of Testimony in Boundaries
  • 10.18 Common Usage
  • 10.19 Using Recorded Information to Locate Original Lines
  • 10.20 Proportioning: The Last Resort
  • 10.21 Relocating Lost Corners
  • 10.22 Proportionate Measure or Proration
  • 10.23 Single Proportionate Measurement
  • 10.24 Double Proportionate Measurement
  • 10.25 Restoration of Lost Standard Corners on Standard Parallels, Correction Lines, and Baselines
  • 10.26 Restoration of Lost Township Corners on Principal Meridians and Guide Meridians
  • 10.27 Restoration of Lost Township and Section Corners Originally Established with Cross-Ties in Fou
  • 10.28 Restoration of Lost Corners Along Township Lines
  • 10.29 Restoration of Lost Township and Section Corners Where the Line Was Not Established in one Dir
  • 10.30 Restoration of Lost Corners Where the Intersecting Lines Have Been Established in Only Two Dir
  • 10.31 Restoration of Quarter-Section Corners in Regular Sections
  • 10.32 Restoration of Quarter-Section Corners Where Only Part of a Section Was Surveyed Originally
  • 10.33 Restoration of a Closing Section Corner on a Standard Parallel
  • 10.34 Restoration of a Lost North Quarter Corner in a Closing Section
  • 10.35 Restoration of Lost Nonriparian Meander Corners
  • 10.36 Restoration of Riparian Meander Lines
  • 10.37 Restoration of Nonriparian Meander Lines
  • 10.38 Restoration of Irregular Exteriors
  • 10.39 Lost Corner Restoration Methods
  • 10.40 Resurvey Instructions Issued in 1879 and 1883
  • 10.41 Half-Mile Posts in Florida and Alabama
  • Subdivision of Sections
  • 10.42 General Comments
  • 10.43 Subdivision by Protraction
  • 10.44 Establishing the North Quarter Corner of Closing Sections on a Standard Parallel and Other Qu
  • 10.45 Establishment of Centerlines and Center Quarter Corners
  • 10.46 Establishment of Quarter-Quarter Section Lines and Corners
  • 10.47 Fractional Sections Centerline
  • 10.48 Senior Right of Lines
  • 10.49 Gross Errors and Erroneously Omitted Areas
  • 10.50 Relocating Corners from Other Townships or from Interior Corners
  • 10.51 Procedures for Conducting Retracements
  • 10.52 Interpretation of Aliquot Descriptions
  • 10.53 According to the Government Measure
  • Differences Between State and Federal Interpretations
  • 10.54 Applying State Laws
    • Missouri Statute Law
    • Wisconsin Law
  • 10.55 Topography
  • 10.56 Boundaries by Area
  • 10.57 Establishing Corners
  • 10.58 Sections Created under State Jurisdiction
  • 10.59 Presumptions and Realities for GLO Surveys
  • 10.60 Conclusions
  • Notes
• Chapter 11: Locating Sequential Conveyances
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Definition of Sequential Conveyances
  • 11.3 Simultaneous Conveyances
  • 11.4 Possession
  • 11.5 Sequential Patents
  • 11.6 Importance of Knowledge
  • 11.7 Junior and Senior Rights between Private Parties
  • 11.8 Deeds Must Be in Writing and Deemed to Be Whole
    • Limitations on the Principle
  • 11.9 Direction of the Survey
  • 11.10 Terms of the Deed
  • 11.11 Call for a Plat
    • Limitations on the Principle
  • 11.12 Informative and Controlling Terms
  • Order of Importance of Conflicting Title Elements
  • 11.13 General Comments
    • Order of Importance of Conflicting Elements That Determine Land and Boundary Location
  • 11.14 Senior Rights
  • 11.15 Call for an Adjoiner
  • 11.16 Written Intentions of the Parties to the Deed
    • Exception to the Principles of Intent
  • 11.17 Aids to Interpret the Intent of a Deed
    • General Acceptation of Terms
    • Least Likely Mistake
    • Date of Execution
  • 11.18 Control of Unwritten Title Lines
  • 11.19 Lines Marked and Surveyed
    • Limitations on the Principle
  • 11.20 Corner Definitions
  • 11.21 Control of Monuments
    • Limitations on the Principle
    • Control of Monuments Shown on a Reference Plat
    • Obliterated Monuments
  • 11.22 Control between Conflicting Monuments
  • 11.23 Explanation of the Principles
    • Natural Monuments
    • Artificial Monuments
    • Record and Artificial Monuments
    • Uncalled-for Monuments and Boundary Improvements
  • 11.24 Importance of the Word “To”
  • 11.25 Dignity of Record Monuments
  • 11.26 Control Point of a Monument
  • 11.27 Uncalled-For Monuments
  • 11.28 Error or Mistake in a Description
  • 11.29 Control of Bearing and Distance
  • 11.30 Control of Either Bearing or Distance
    • Control by Direction
    • Control of Distance other
    • Error Placed in the Last Course
  • 11.31 Distribution of Errors in Several Boundary Lines
  • 11.32 Cardinal Directions
  • 11.33 Unrestricted General Terms
  • 11.34 Direction of Survey
  • 11.35 Area or Surface
  • 11.36 Point of Beginning
  • 11.37 Construed Most Strongly against Grantor
  • 11.38 Errors and Ambiguous Terms
  • 11.39 Coordinates
  • 11.40 Direct Line Measurement
  • 11.41 Treatment of Curves
  • 11.42 First Stated Conditions
  • 11.43 Written and Character Numbers
  • 11.44 Unit Implied
  • 11.45 Feet and Inches
  • 11.46 General and Particular Provisions
  • Basis of Bearings
  • 11.47 Deflection Method versus Compass Bearings
    • Compass Bearings
  • 11.48 Summary, Interpretation of the Principles, and Conclusion
  • References
  • Notes
• Chapter 12: Locating Simultaneously Created Boundaries
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Defining Subdivisions
  • Subdivision Boundaries and Corners
  • 12.3 Aliquot Part Subdivision
  • 12.4 Controlling Boundaries
  • 12.5 Subdivision Macro Boundary Wrongly Monumented
    • Limitations on the Principle
  • 12.6 Subdivision Boundaries Incorrectly Described
  • Conflicting Elements in Descriptions
  • 12.7 General Comments
  • 12.8 Original Method of Creating Lots
  • 12.9 Intention of the Parties
  • 12.10 Finality of Original Lines
    • Limitations on the Principle
  • 12.11 Control of Original Monuments within Subdivision Boundaries
  • 12.12 Title Monuments
  • 12.13 Control of Monuments Over Plats
  • 12.14 Certainty of Monument Identification
  • 12.15 Record Description of Monuments
  • 12.16 Principles for Presumed Control Between Conflicting Monuments within Subdivisions
  • 12.17 Explaining Principles
    • Control of Artificial Monuments
    • Meander Lines
    • Uncalled-for Monuments
    • Common Report
    • Improvements as Monuments
  • 12.18 Introduction to Proportioning
  • Establishment of Streets
  • 12.19 General Comments
  • 12.20 Establishment of Streets by Natural Monuments
  • 12.21 Establishment of Streets and Alleys by Artificial Monuments and Lines Actually Run at the Tim
  • 12.22 Establishment of Streets by Improvements
  • 12.23 Establishment of Streets by the Line of a Nearby Street
  • 12.24 Establishment of Streets by Plat
    • Measurement Index
  • 12.25 Establishment of Streets Where Width Is Not Given
  • 12.26 Establishment of Streets by City Engineers’ Monuments
  • Establishment of Lots within Subdivisions
  • 12.27 Effect of Mathematical Error
  • 12.28 Excess or Deficiency
  • 12.29 Proration: A Rule of Last Resort
  • 12.30 Excess or Deficiency Confined to a Block
  • 12.31 Excess or Deficiency Distribution within Blocks
  • 12.32 Single Proportionate Measure
  • 12.33 Single Proportionate Measure on Curves
  • 12.34 Distribution of Excess and Deficiency Beyond a Monument
  • 12.35 Establishment of Lots Where the End Lot Measurement Is Not Given
  • 12.36 Remnant Principle
  • 12.37 Establishment of Lots Where No Lot measurement Is Given
  • 12.38 Establishment of Lots with Area Only Given
  • 12.39 New York Rule For Establishment of Lots
  • 12.40 Summary of Proration Rules
  • 12.41 Establishment of Lots Adjoining Subdivision Boundaries
  • 12.42 Establishment of Lots Adjoining a Subdivision Correctly Established
  • 12.43 Establishment of Lots Overlapping the True Subdivision Boundaries
    • Limitations on the Principle
  • 12.44 Establishment of Lots Not Touching the True Boundary of the Subdivision
    • Limitations on the Principle
  • 12.45 Proration of Excess and Deficiency in Blocks Closing on Subdivision Boundaries
  • 12.46 Locating Lots from Boundary Lines
    • Limitations on the Principle
  • 12.47 Obliterated and Lost Subdivisions
  • Proceedings in Partition
  • 12.48 General Comments
  • 12.49 Establishment of Lines Determined by Proceedings in Partition
  • 12.50 Establishment of Boundaries of Allottees of Wills
  • 12.51 Deed Divisions
  • 12.52 Comments
  • Notes
• Chapter 13: Locating Combination Descriptions and Conveyances
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • “Of” Descriptions
  • 13.2 “Of,” “In,” and “At” Descriptions within Subdivisions and Adjoining Streets
  • 13.3 “Of” Descriptions within Metes and Bounds Descriptions and Adjoining Streets
  • 13.4 Direction of Measurement
  • 13.5 Proportional “Of” Conveyance
  • 13.6 Exception by One-Half by Area
  • 13.7 Indeterminate Proportional Conveyances
  • 13.8 Angular Direction of the Dividing Line in “Of” Descriptions
    • Nonparallel Lines
    • East Half of Lot and the Lot Except the East Half
  • 13.9 Acreage “Of” Descriptions
  • 13.10 Ambiguity
  • Overlaps and Gaps
  • 13.11 Calls from Two Directions
  • Establishment of Property Described by Both Metes and Bounds and Subdivision Descriptions
  • 13.12 Double Descriptions
  • 13.13 New York Double Descriptions
  • 13.14 Natural Phenomena and Boundaries
    • Changes Due to Water
    • Changes Due to Wind
    • Changes Due to Earthquakes
    • Changes Caused by Tsunamis
    • Landslides and Earth Flows
    • Subsidence
    • Volcanoes
    • Glaciers
    • Fire
    • Secondary Events
  • 13.15 Recognition of Past Events
  • Notes
• Chapter 14: Role of the Surveyor
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Function of the Surveyor
  • 14.3 Opinions of Fact and Applications of Law
  • 14.4 Establishment of Boundaries
  • 14.5 Establishment in Louisiana
  • Private Surveys
  • 14.6 Responsibility and Authority of the Surveyor
  • 14.7 Basis of a Boundary Survey
  • 14.8 How Much Research?
  • 14.9 Ownership
  • 14.10 Encroachments
  • 14.11 Searching for Monuments
  • 14.12 Possession Marking Original Survey Lines
  • 14.13 Evidence
  • 14.14 Setting Monuments
  • 14.15 Plats
  • 14.16 Liability
  • 14.17 Conclusion
  • Notes
• Chapter 15: The Ethics and Moral Responsibilities of Boundary Creation and of Retracements
  • 15.1 Introduction
  • 15.2 The Philosophy of Boundaries
  • 15.3 Applying the Principles to Creating and Retracing Boundaries
  • 15.4 Final Comments
  • Notes
• Glossary of Terms
• Index
• Advertisement

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).

Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.

Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.

Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.



Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu