Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication Page
• About The Author
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Guide to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
• A Note from the Author
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: The Study of Adolescent Development
  • The Boundaries of Adolescence
  • Early, Middle, and Late Adolescence
  • A Framework for Studying Adolescent Development
  • The Fundamental Changes of Adolescence
  • The Contexts of Adolescence
  • Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
  • Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescence
  • Biosocial Theories
  • Organismic Theories
  • Learning Theories
  • Sociological Theories
  • Historical and Anthropological Perspectives
  • Stereotypes Versus Scientific Study
• PART: The Fundamental Changes of Adolescence
  • Chapter 1: Biological Transitions
    • Puberty: An Overview
    • The Endocrine System
    • What Triggers Puberty?
    • How Hormones Influence Adolescent Development
    • Somatic Development
    • The Adolescent Growth Spurt
    • Sexual Maturation
    • The Timing and Tempo of Puberty
    • Variations in the Timing and Tempo of Puberty
    • Genetic and Environmental Influences on Pubertal Timing
    • The Psychological and Social Impact of Puberty
    • The Immediate Impact of Puberty
    • The Impact of Specific Pubertal Events
    • The Impact of Early or Late Maturation
    • Obesity and Eating Disorders
    • Obesity
    • Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, and Binge Eating Disorder
  • Chapter 2: Cognitive Transitions
    • Changes in Cognition
    • Thinking About Possibilities
    • Thinking About Abstract Concepts
    • Thinking About Thinking
    • Thinking in Multiple Dimensions
    • Adolescent Relativism
    • Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescent Thinking
    • The Piagetian View of Adolescent Thinking
    • The Information-Processing View of Adolescent Thinking
    • The Adolescent Brain
    • How Your Brain Works
    • The Age of Opportunity
    • What Changes in Adolescence?
    • Implications for Adolescent Behavior
    • Individual Differences in Intelligence in Adolescence
    • The Measurement of IQ
    • Culture and Intelligence
    • Adolescent Thinking in Context
    • Social Cognition in Adolescence
    • Adolescent Risk Taking
  • Chapter 3: Social Transitions
    • Social Redefinition and Psychosocial Development
    • The Elongation of Adolescence
    • Adolescence as a Social Invention
    • The “Invention” of Adolescence
    • Emerging Adulthood: A New Stage of Life or a Luxury of the Middle Class?
    • Changes in Status During Adolescence
    • Drawing a Legal Boundary
    • Inconsistencies in Adolescents’ Legal Status
    • The Process of Social Redefinition
    • Common Practices in the Process of Social Redefinition
    • Variations in Social Transitions
    • Variations in Clarity
    • Variations in Continuity
    • The Transition into Adulthood in Contemporary Society
    • Special Transitional Problems of Poor, Minority, and Immigrant Youth
    • The Effects of Poverty on the Transition into Adulthood
    • What Can Be Done to Ease the Transition?
    • The Influence of Neighborhood Conditions on Adolescent Development
    • Processes of Neighborhood Influences
• PART: The Contexts of Adolescence
  • Chapter 4: Families
    • Changes in Family Relationships at Adolescence
    • What Do Adolescents and Parents Usually Fight About?
    • The Adolescent’s Parents at Midlife
    • Changes in Family Needs and Functions
    • Special Concerns of Immigrant Families
    • Transformations in Family Relations
    • Sex Differences in Family Relationships
    • Family Relationships and Adolescent Development
    • Parenting Styles and Their Effects
    • Adolescents’ Relationships with Siblings
    • Genetic Influences on Adolescent Development
    • Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Development
    • Why Are Siblings Often So Different?
    • The Adolescent’s Family in a Changing Society
    • Adolescents and Divorce
    • The Specific Impact of Marital Conflict
    • The Longer-Term Effects of Divorce
    • Custody, Contact, and Conflict Following Divorce
    • Remarriage
    • Economic Stress and Poverty
    • Special Family Forms
    • The Importance of the Family in Adolescent Development
  • Chapter 5: Peer Groups
    • The Origins of Adolescent Peer Groups in Contemporary Society
    • Changes in the Size of the Youth Population
    • Why Peer Groups Are Necessary in Today’s World
    • The Nature of Adolescent Peer Groups
    • Cliques and Crowds
    • Changes in Clique and Crowd Structure Over Time
    • Adolescents and Their Crowds
    • The Social Map of Adolescence
    • Crowds as Reference Groups
    • Adolescents and Their Cliques
    • Similarity Among Clique Members
    • Common Interests Among Friends
    • Similarity Between Friends: Selection or Socialization?
    • Popularity, Rejection, and Bullying
    • Determinants of Popularity and Rejection
    • Relational Aggression
    • Bullies and Victims
    • Cyberbullying
    • The Peer Group and Psychosocial Development
  • Chapter 6: Schools
    • The Broader Context of U.S. Secondary Education
    • The Origins of Secondary Education
    • School Reform: Past and Present
    • What Should Schools Teach?
    • Education in the Inner Cities
    • The Social Organization of Schools
    • School Size and Class Size
    • Age Grouping and School Transitions
    • Tracking
    • Ethnic Composition
    • Alternatives to Public Schools
    • Classroom Climate
    • The Best Classroom Climate for Adolescents
    • Teacher Expectations and Student Performance
    • The Importance of Student Engagement
    • School Violence
    • Beyond High School
    • The College-Bound
    • The Non-College-Bound
    • Schools and Adolescent Development
    • Characteristics of Good Schools
    • The Effects of School on Adolescent Development
  • Chapter 7: Work, Leisure, and Media
    • Adolescents’ Free Time in Contemporary Society
    • Adolescents and Work
    • The Rise and Fall of the Student Worker
    • The Adolescent Workplace Today
    • Employment and Adolescent Development
    • Adolescents and Leisure
    • Adolescents’ Free Time and Their Moods
    • Structured Leisure Activities
    • Unstructured Leisure Time
    • Promoting Positive Youth Development
    • Adolescents and Screen Time
    • Theories of Media Influence and Use
    • Exposure to Controversial Media Content
    • Adolescents and Social Media
    • Social Media and Socializing
    • Problematic Social Media Use
    • Free Time and Adolescent Development
• PART: Psychosocial Development During Adolescence
  • Chapter 8: Identity
    • Identity as an Adolescent Issue
    • Puberty and Identity Development
    • Cognitive Change and Identity Development
    • Social Roles and Identity Development
    • Changes in Self-Conceptions
    • Changes in the Content and Structure of Self-Conceptions
    • Dimensions of Personality in Adolescence
    • Changes in Self-Esteem
    • Stability and Changes in Self-Esteem
    • Group Differences in Self-Esteem
    • Antecedents and Consequences of High Self-Esteem
    • The Adolescent Identity Crisis
    • Erikson’s Theoretical Framework
    • The Social Context of Identity Development
    • Problems in Identity Development
    • Research on Identity Development
    • Determining an Adolescent’s Identity Status
    • Studying Identity Development Over Time
    • Identity and Ethnicity
    • The Development of Ethnic Identity
    • Discrimination and Its Effects
    • Multiethnic Adolescents
    • Identity and Gender
    • Gender-Role Development
    • Gender-Role Socialization During Adolescence
    • Masculinity and Femininity
  • Chapter 9: Autonomy
    • Autonomy as an Adolescent Issue
    • Puberty and the Development of Autonomy
    • Cognitive Change and the Development of Autonomy
    • Social Roles and the Development of Autonomy
    • The Development of Emotional Autonomy
    • Emotional Autonomy: Detachment or Individuation?
    • Research on Emotional Autonomy
    • Parenting and Emotional Autonomy
    • The Development of Behavioral Autonomy
    • Changes in Decision-Making Abilities
    • When Do Adolescents Make Decisions as Well as Adults?
    • Changes in Susceptibility to Influence
    • Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Expectations for Autonomy
    • The Development of Cognitive Autonomy
    • Moral Development During Adolescence
    • Prosocial Reasoning, Prosocial Behavior, and Volunteerism
    • Political Thinking During Adolescence
    • Religious Beliefs During Adolescence
  • Chapter 10: Intimacy
    • Intimacy as an Adolescent Issue
    • Puberty and the Development of Intimacy
    • Cognitive Change and the Development of Intimacy
    • Changes in Social Roles and the Development of Intimacy
    • Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescent Intimacy
    • Sullivan’s Theory of Interpersonal Development
    • Interpersonal Development During Adolescence
    • Attachment Theory
    • The Development of Intimacy in Adolescence
    • Changes in the Nature of Friendship
    • Changes in the Display of Intimacy
    • Does Using Social Media Hurt the Development of Intimacy?
    • Sex Differences in Intimacy
    • Changes in the Targets of Intimacy
    • Friendships with the Other Sex
    • Dating and Romantic Relationships
    • Dating and the Development of Intimacy
    • The Development of Dating Relationships
    • The Impact of Dating on Adolescent Development
    • Intimacy and Psychosocial Development
  • Chapter 11: Sexuality
    • Sexuality as an Adolescent Issue
    • Puberty and Adolescent Sexuality
    • Cognitive Change and Adolescent Sexuality
    • Social Roles and Adolescent Sexuality
    • Sexual Activity During Adolescence
    • Stages of Sexual Activity
    • Sexual Intercourse During Adolescence
    • The Sexually Active Adolescent
    • Sexual Activity and Psychological Development
    • Causation or Correlation?
    • Hormonal and Contextual Influences on Sexual Activity
    • Parental and Peer Influences on Sexual Activity
    • Sex Differences in the Meaning of Sex
    • Sexual Orientation
    • Sexual Harassment, Rape, and Sexual Abuse During Adolescence
    • Risky Sex and Its Prevention
    • Adolescents’ Reasons for Not Using Contraception
    • Improving Contraceptive Behavior
    • AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Teen Pregnancy
    • Sex Education
  • Chapter 12: Achievement
    • Achievement as an Adolescent Issue
    • Puberty and Achievement
    • Cognitive Change and Achievement
    • Social Roles and Achievement
    • The Importance of Noncognitive Factors
    • Achievement Motivation
    • Beliefs About Success and Failure
    • Environmental Influences on Achievement
    • The Influence of the Home Environment
    • The Influence of Friends
    • Educational Achievement
    • The Importance of Socioeconomic Status
    • Ethnic Differences in Educational Achievement
    • Changes in Educational Achievement over Time
    • Dropping Out of High School
    • Occupational Achievement
    • The Development of Occupational Plans
    • Influences on Occupational Choices
  • Chapter 13: Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence
    • Some General Principles About Problems in Adolescence
    • Most Problems Reflect Transitory Experimentation
    • Not All Problems Begin in Adolescence
    • Most Problems Do Not Persist into Adulthood
    • Problems During Adolescence Are Not Caused by Adolescence
    • Psychosocial Problems: Their Nature and Covariation
    • Comorbidity of Externalizing Problems
    • Comorbidity of Internalizing Problems
    • Substance Use and Abuse
    • Prevalence of Substance Use and Abuse
    • Causes and Consequences of Substance Use and Abuse
    • Drugs and the Adolescent Brain
    • Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use and Abuse
    • Externalizing Problems
    • Categories of Externalizing Problems
    • Developmental Progression of Antisocial Behavior
    • Changes in Juvenile Offending over Time
    • Causes of Antisocial Behavior
    • Prevention and Treatment of Externalizing Problems
    • Internalizing Problems
    • The Nature and Prevalence of Depression
    • Sex Differences in Depression
    • Suicide and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
    • Causes of Depression and Internalizing Disorders
    • Treatment and Prevention of Internalizing Problems
    • Stress and Coping
• Glossary
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index

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