A Practical Guide to Needs Assessment
8.190 kr.
Lýsing:
This thoroughly revised and updated edition contains a treasury of resources including a toolkit of ready-to-use templates and job aids that you can customize for your own use. Illustrative case studies and tips show how to implement needs assessments for individuals, teams, organizations, government agencies, and communities. This book combines a how-to textbook and reference tool for trainers, performance improvement professionals, and students.
Annað
- Höfundur: Catherine M. Sleezer, Darlene Russ-Eft, Kavita Gupta
- Útgáfa:3
- Útgáfudagur: 2014-03-03
- Hægt að prenta út 2 bls.
- Hægt að afrita 10 bls.
- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781118987346
- Print ISBN: 9781118457894
- ISBN 10: 1118987349
Efnisyfirlit
- Front Matter
- ABOUT THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- PURPOSE OF THE BOOK
- AUDIENCE FOR THE BOOK
- SCOPE OF THE BOOK
- HOW THE BOOK IS ORGANIZED
- FIGURE I.1 Overview of Book Contents
- HOW TO USE THE BOOK
- NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOLKIT
- FIGURE I.2 Quick Reference Guide to Chapters
- ONE Overview of Needs Assessment
- PURPOSE
- OVERVIEW
- SIMILARITIES AMONG NEEDS ASSESSMENT REQUESTS
- FIGURE 1.1 Definition of a Need
- FIGURE 1.2 A Systems Model of Evaluation
- DIFFERENCES AMONG REQUESTS THAT LEAD TO NEEDS ASSESSMENT
- FIGURE 1.3 Soccer Player Who Knows Game's Rules but Lacks Game's Skills
- BENEFITS OF A NEEDS ASSESSMENT
- FIVE APPROACHES TO NEEDS ASSESSMENT
- FIGURE 1.4 Ruth's Sketch of a Simplified Systems Diagram
- FIGURE 1.5 Comparison of Time and Effort Required for the Needs Assessment Approaches
- FIGURE 1.6 Matrix of Needs Assessment Approaches
- CONCLUSION
- TWO Ideas and Models That Guide Practice
- PURPOSE
- RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
- OVERVIEW
- PRIORITIZING NEEDS
- FIGURE 2.1 World Views and Reasonable Actions Based on Each View, Plus Applications to the World of Work
- CASE
- MEASURING PERFORMANCE
- CASE
- DIAGNOSING THE CAUSES OF POOR PERFORMANCE
- Individual Performance Problems
- FIGURE 2.2 Barriers to Performance and Sample Questions
- Organizational Performance Problems
- The Organizational Elements Model
- Improving Performance: Managing the White Space on the Organizational Chart
- FIGURE 2.3 Comparison of the Traditional and Systems Views of an Organization
- Individual Performance Problems
- Advances Over Time in Knowledge About Learning, Training, and Performance
- PURPOSE
- OVERVIEW
- DATA-COLLECTION METHODS
- Interviews
- Types of Interviews
- Interview Approaches
- FIGURE 3.1 Sample Interview Protocol, Script, and Questions
- FIGURE 3.2 Hints for Preparing for an Interview
- FIGURE 3.3 Hints for Developing Interview Questions
- FIGURE 3.4 Hints for Conducting an Interview
- Interviews
- Focus Groups
- Prepare
- Conduct
- Report
- FIGURE 3.5 Various Types of Focus Group Reports
- Surveys
- Prepare
- FIGURE 3.6 Examples of Commercially Available Surveys for Assessing Needs
- Design the Survey
- Develop Questions
- FIGURE 3.7 Types of Questions and When to Use Them
- Write Instructions
- Write the Cover Letter/Email
- Pilot-Test
- Conduct the Survey and Follow-Up
- FIGURE 3.8 Hints for Preparing and Implementing Surveys
- FIGURE 3.9 Comparison of Primary Data-Collection Methods
- FIGURE 3.10 Example of Frequency and Percentage Calculation for a Quantitative Question Showing All Responses
- FIGURE 3.11 Example of Frequency and Percentage Calculation for a Quantitative Question Showing Only Respondents
- Analyzing Qualitative Data
- FIGURE 3.12 Comparison of Priority Needs Identifi ed from Diff erent Sources
- FOUR Knowledge and Skills Assessment
- PURPOSE
- RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
- OVERVIEW
- When to Use
- Benefits and Drawbacks
- Critical Success Factors
- KEY PHASES
- Phase 1: Gather Preliminary Data
- Phase 2: Plan
- CASE
- FIGURE 4.1 Common Purposes of a Knowledge and Skills Assessment
- Phase 3: Perform Training Requirements Analysis
- Step 1: Develop Assessment Tools
- FIGURE 4.2 Example of a Job Activity Self-Assessment
- FIGURE 4.3 Example of a Performance Skills Profile
- Step 1: Develop Assessment Tools
- Step 2: Collect Data
- Phase 4: Analyze Data
- Phase 5: Prepare and Present a Report
- CASE
- FIGURE 4.4 Interview Questions for Lead Drivers
- FIGURE 4.5 Interview Questions for Supervisors
- FIGURE 4.6 Interview Questions for Vice Presidents
- FIGURE 4.7 Course Outline
- PURPOSE
- RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
- OVERVIEW
- When to Use
- Benefits and Drawbacks
- Critical Success Factors
- Definition of Terms
- WRITING JOB TASK STATEMENTS
- WRITING STANDARDS
- ASSEMBLY OF HELP DESK MANUALS
- KEY PHASES
- Phase 1: Prepare
- Identify High Performers
- Prepare Job Analysis Questionnaire
- FIGURE 5.1 Sample Toolkit Form 5.1: Job Analysis Questionnaire
- Prepare Materials
- Phase 2: Conduct Job Task Analysis Work Session
- Prepare for the Work Session
- Refine Job Responsibilities
- Identify Job Tasks
- Identify Training and Non-Training Requirements
- Phase 3: Develop and Present Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations
- FIGURE 5.2 Sample Toolkit Form 5.2: Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations (Professional/Supervisory/Management)
- FIGURE 5.3 Sample Toolkit Form 5.3: Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations (Administrative)
- CASE
- Phase 1: Prepare
- FIGURE 5.4 Quality Control Inspector Position Training Plan
- PURPOSE
- RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
- OVERVIEW
- When to Use
- Benefits and Drawbacks
- Critical Success Factors
- PHASES OF A COMPETENCY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
- Phase 1: Develop a Project Plan
- Step 1: Establish Parameters
- Step 2: Identify Key Players
- Step 3: Develop Work Plan
- Phase 2: Conduct Behavioral Interviews
- FIGURE 6.1 Competency-Based Needs Assessment Project Plan
- Step 1: Design the Behavioral Interview Guide
- FIGURE 6.2 Sample Script for a Behavioral Interview
- Step 2: Obtain Behavioral Information
- Pitfalls to Avoid
- Step 3: Analyze Behavioral Information
- Phase 3: Construct Competency Model
- Step 1: Create Competency Dictionary
- Step 2: Create Competency Model
- FIGURE 6.3 Sample Toolkit Form 6.3: Competency Dictionary Showing Two Domains for a Sales Position, Three Competencies in Each Domain, and Their Definitions
- Phase 1: Develop a Project Plan
- Phase 4: Assess Gaps
- FIGURE 6.4 Sample Toolkit Form 6.4: Competency Model for Sales Positions
- Step 1: Identify Gaps
- FIGURE 6.5 Sample Rating Scale for Competency-Based Survey Questions
- Step 2: Analyze Results
- Phase 5: Implement Model
- Using Already Available Competency Models
- CASE
- PURPOSE
- RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
- OVERVIEW
- When to Use
- Benefits and Drawbacks
- Critical Success Factors
- KEY PHASES OF A NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT
- Phase 1: Gather Preliminary Information About the Situation
- FIGURE 7.1 Sample Questions from Toolkit Form 7.1: Strategic Issues Worksheet
- Phase 2: Examine the External Environment
- Phase 3: Examine Internal Environment
- FIGURE 7.2 Questions a City Leadership Team Could Use to Start Analyzing Its External Environment
- Step 1: Validate the Strategy
- FIGURE 7.3 Components of a Simple Business Plan
- CASE
- Step 2: Document Current Performance
- FIGURE 7.4 Sample Performance Measures
- FIGURE 7.5 Example of a SIPOC Diagram
- Step 3: Identify Causes of Performance Gaps
- FIGURE 7.6 Sample Toolkit Form 7.3: Process Map Worksheet for an Order Management Process
- FIGURE 7.7 Sample Fishbone Diagram Showing Causes for Workers Dissatisfaction
- CASE
- Phase 4: Chart Future Environment
- Phase 3: Examine Internal Environment
- Phase 5: Develop Performance Improvement Plan
- Step 1: Assess Readiness for Change
- FIGURE 7.8 Sample Toolkit Form 7.4: Gap Analysis Worksheet
- Step 2: Select Interventions
- CASE
- FIGURE 7.9 Business Issues: XYZ Corporation
- FIGURE 7.10 Performance Improvement Planner: XYZ Corporation
- CASE
- Step 1: Assess Readiness for Change
- Phase 1: Gather Preliminary Information About the Situation
- PURPOSE
- RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AID
- OVERVIEW
- When to Use
- Benefits and Drawbacks
- KEY PHASES
- Phase 1: Conduct the Pre-Assessment
- Phase 2: Conduct the Needs Assessment
- Phase 3: Conduct the Post-Assessment
- CASE
- FIGURE 8.1 Some Vendor Sites with Employee Engagement Survey Information
- FIGURE 8.2 Activities in Each Phase of an Employee Engagement Survey
- CASE
- EOSH Training
- CASE
- FIGURE 8.3 Sample EOSH Training Profiles, Showing the Training Required for Three Groups of AMEG Employees
- FIGURE 8.4 Example of an EOSH Strategic Plan Training Schedule
- CASE
- NINE Writing Proposals and Reports
- PURPOSE
- RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
- OVERVIEW
- CONTRACTING A NEEDS ASSESSMENT
- FIGURE 9.1 Potential Needs Assessment Obstacles and Tips for Overcoming Them
- FIGURE 9.2 Some Questions from Toolkit Form 9.1: Needs Assessment Checklist
- THE NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROPOSAL
- FIGURE 9.3 Draft Needs Assessment Proposal: T & J Marine Products
- Ways to Use the Needs Assessment Proposal
- Practical Tips for Writing a Needs Assessment Proposal
- MANAGING NEEDS ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTS
- Reports
- FIGURE 9.4 Phase 1 Interim Report for T & J Marine Products
- In-Person Oral Reports and Presentations
- Reports
- CONCLUSION
- TEN Dealing with Ethical Issues
- PURPOSE
- OVERVIEW
- ETHICS IN NEEDS ASSESSMENT
- CASE
- FIGURE 10.1 Examples of Needs Assessment Ethical Issues
- Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (JCSEE), Program Evaluation Standards
- American Evaluation Association, Guiding Principles
- FIGURE 10.2 Program Evaluation Standards and Statements
- FIGURE 10.3 Guiding Principles for Evaluators
- Additional Resources for Managing Ethical Issues
- CONCLUSION
- PURPOSE
- OVERVIEW
- COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS
- CASE
- CASE
- FIGURE 11.1 Additional Needs Assessment Resources
- CONCLUSION
- Toolkit Forms
- TOOLKIT FORM 2.1 Tools and Strategies for Assessing Systems
- TOOLKIT FORM 2.2 Advances Over Time in Our Knowledge About Learning, Training, and Performance
- TOOLKIT FORM 4.1 Knowledge and Skills Assessment Interview Guide
- TOOLKIT FORM 4.2 Skills Assessment Survey
- TOOLKIT FORM 4.3 Customer-Service Knowledge and Skills Assessment Survey
- TOOLKIT FORM 4.4 Management Knowledge and Skills Assessment Survey
- TOOLKIT FORM 4.5 Knowledge and Skills Assessment Curriculum Plan
- TOOLKIT FORM 5.1 Job Analysis Questionnaire
- TOOLKIT FORM 5.2 Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations+(Professional/Supervisory/Management)
- TOOLKIT FORM 5.3 Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations (Administrative)
- TOOLKIT FORM 5.4 Job Task Analysis Checklist
- TOOLKIT FORM 6.1 Competency Project Plan Worksheet—Detailed Schedule of Events
- TOOLKIT FORM 6.2 Competency Interview Worksheet
- TOOLKIT FORM 6.3 Competency Dictionary Worksheet
- TOOLKIT FORM 6.4 Competency Model Worksheet
- TOOLKIT FORM 6.5 Individual Learning Development Plan for
- TOOLKIT FORM 7.1 Strategic Issues Worksheet
- TOOLKIT FORM 7.2 Fisher's Models of Organizational PerformanceWorksheet*
- FIGURE 1 Aspects of Organization Level Performance
- FIGURE 2 Aspects of Individual Level Performance
- FIGURE 3 Complexity at the Group Level
- FIGURE 4 Aspects of Group Level Performance
- FIGURE 5 Compositional Links Among Performance Levels
- FIGURE 6 Example of Cross-Level, Multi-Aspect Links
- FIGURE 7 Example of Hybrid Links
- FIGURE 8 Intralevel and Compositional Relationships in Organizational Performance
- TOOLKIT FORM 7.3 Process Map Worksheet
- Tips for Process Mapping
- Questions to Ask
- TOOLKIT FORM 7.4 Gap Analysis Worksheet
- TOOLKIT FORM 7.5 Change Readiness Checklist
- TOOLKIT FORM 7.6 Performance Improvement Planner
- TOOLKIT FORM 8.1 Complex Needs Assessment Planning Template
- TOOLKIT FORM 9.1 Needs Assessment Checklist
- TOOLKIT FORM 9.2 Needs Assessment Proposal Template
- TOOLKIT FORM 9.3 Needs Assessment Interim Report Template
- Glossary
- References
- Introduction
- Chapter One
- Chapter Two
- Chapter Three
- Chapter Four
- Chapter Five
- Chapter Six
- Chapter Seven
- Chapter Eight
- Chapter Nine
- Chapter Ten
- Chapter Eleven
- TOOLKIT FORMS
- ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FOR TOOLKIT 2.2
- GLOSSARY
- Index
- About the Authors
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 12710
- Útgáfuár : 2014
- Leyfi : 379