A History of Modern Psychology
Námskeið
- SMA0176110 Saga mannsandans
Ensk lýsing:
A market leader for over 30 years, A HISTORY OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY has been praised for its comprehensive coverage and biographical approach. Focusing on modern psychology, the text's coverage begins with the late 19th century. The authors personalize the history of psychology not only by using biographical information on influential theorists, but also by showing how the major events in the theorists' lives affected their ideas, approaches, and methods.
Substantial updates in the eleventh edition include discussions of the latest developments in positive psychology; the increasing role of brain science in psychology; the return of Freud's anal personality; Ada Lovelace, the virgin ""Bride of Science""; the interpretation of dreams by computers; the use of Coca Cola as a ""nerve tonic,"" and many other topics. The result is a text that is as timely and relevant today as it was when it was first introduced.
Lýsing:
History doesn't have to be dull, and this book is living proof with coverage of interesting topics ranging from the controversial use of IQ tests at Ellis Island to the psychodynamics of gum chewing. A market leader for over 30 years, A HISTORY OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY has been praised for its comprehensive coverage and biographical approach. Focusing on modern psychology, the book's coverage begins with the late 19th century.
The authors present an appealing narrative, personalizing the history of psychology by using biographical information on influential theorists, and by showing you how major events in the theorists' lives affected their ideas, approaches, and methods. Updates in the eleventh edition include discussions of the latest developments in positive psychology, the interpretation of dreams by computers, the use of Coca Cola as a ""nerve tonic,"" and many other intriguing topics.
Annað
- Höfundar: Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz
- Útgáfa:11
- Útgáfudagur: 2015-07-13
- Hægt að prenta út 2 bls.
- Hægt að afrita 2 bls.
- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781285228402
- Print ISBN: 9781305630048
- ISBN 10: 1285228405
Efnisyfirlit
- Front Matter
- In Their Own Words
- CHAPTER 2
- CHAPTER 3
- CHAPTER 4
- CHAPTER 5
- CHAPTER 6
- CHAPTER 7
- CHAPTER 9
- CHAPTER 10
- CHAPTER 11
- CHAPTER 12
- CHAPTER 13
- CHAPTER 14
- Preface
- New to the Eleventh Edition
- Acknowledgments
- In Their Own Words
- Did You See the Clown? What about the Gorilla?
- Why Study the History of Psychology?
- The Beginning of Modern Psychology
- The Data of History: Reconstructing Psychology’s Past: How Do We Know What Really Happened?
- HISTORY ONLINE
- History Lost and Found
- Altered and Hidden History
- Changing the Words of History: Distortion in Translation
- In Context: Forces That Shaped Psychology
- Jobs
- Wars
- Prejudice and Discrimination
- Discrimination against women
- Discrimination based on ethnic origin
- The Personalistic Theory
- The Naturalistic Theory
- The Defecating Duck
- The Spirit of Mechanism
- The Clockwork Universe
- Determinism and Reductionism
- Automata
- People as Machines
- The Calculating Engine
- The Bride of Science
- The Beginnings of Modern Science
- Rene Descartes (1596–1650)
- The Contributions of Descartes: Mechanism and the Mind-Body Problem
- The Nature of the Body
- The Mind-Body Interaction
- The Doctrine of Ideas
- Philosophical Foundations of the New Psychology: Positivism, Materialism, and Empiricism
- Auguste Comte (1798–1857)
- John Locke (1632–1704)
- How the mind acquires knowledge
- Sensation and reflection
- What did Locke say?
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Empiricism from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690)
- Simple ideas and complex ideas
- The theory of association
- Primary and secondary qualities
- George Berkeley (1685–1753)
- Perception is the only reality
- The association of sensations
- James Mill (1773–1836)
- The mind as a machine
- John Stuart Mill (1806–1873)
- At long-last love
- Mental chemistry
- David K. Loses His Job: It Was about Time
- The Importance of the Human Observer
- Developments in Early Physiology
- Research on Brain Functions: Mapping from the Inside
- Research on Brain Functions: Mapping from the Outside
- FIGURE 3.1: THE POWER AND ORGANS OF THE MIND.
- Shocking Research on the Nervous System
- The Impact of the Mechanistic Spirit
- The Beginnings of Experimental Psychology
- Why Germany?
- The German approach to science
- The reform movement in German universities
- Why Germany?
- Helmholtz’s Life
- Helmholtz’s Contributions to the New Psychology
- Two-Point Thresholds
- Just Noticeable Differences
- Fechner’s Life
- Mind and Body: A Quantitative Relationship
- Methods of Psychophysics
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Psychophysics from Elements of Psychophysics (1860)
- No Multitasking Allowed
- The Founding Father of Modern Psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920)
- Wundt’s Life
- The Leipzig Years
- Wundt’s Multimedia Classroom
- Cultural Psychology
- The Study of Conscious Experience
- Voluntarism
- Mediate and immediate experience
- The Method of Introspection
- Elements of Conscious Experience
- Sensations
- Feelings
- Organizing the Elements of Conscious Experience
- The Fate of Wundt’s Psychology in Germany
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on the Law of Psychic Resultants and the Principle of Creative Synthesis from Outline of Psychology (1896)
- Criticisms of Wundtian Psychology
- Wundt’s Legacy
- Other Developments in German Psychology
- Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850–1909)
- Ebbinghaus’s Life
- Research on Learning
- Research with Nonsense Syllables
- FIGURE 4.1: EBBINGHAUS’S FORGETTING CURVE FOR NONSENSE SYLLABLES.
- Other Contributions to Psychology
- Franz Brentano (1838–1917)
- The Study of Mental Acts
- Carl Stumpf (1848–1936)
- Phenomenology
- Oswald Külpe (1862–1915)
- Külpe’s Differences with Wundt
- Systematic Experimental Introspection
- Imageless Thought
- Research Topics of the Würzburg Laboratory
- Comment
- Review Questions
- Recommended Resources
- Would You Swallow a Rubber Tube?
- Edward Bradford Titchener (1867–1927)
- Titchener’s Life: “Your Whiskers Are on Fire”
- Titchener’s Experimentalists: No Women Allowed!
- The Content of Conscious Experience
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Structuralism from A Textbook of Psychology (1909)
- FIGURE 5.1
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Structuralism from A Textbook of Psychology (1909)
- The Stimulus Error
- Introspection
- The Elements of Consciousness
- Was Titchener Changing His Approach?
- Criticisms of Introspection
- Additional Criticisms of Titchener’s System
- The Man Who Came to See Jenny
- The Functionalist Protest in Psychology
- Evolution before Darwin
- The Inevitability of Evolution
- The Life of Darwin (1809–1882)
- Forced to Go Public by a Man in a Jungle
- On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
- Thomas Henry Huxley and the evolution controversy
- Darwin’s later work
- The Finches’ Beaks and Minnesota Mice: Evolution at Work
- Darwin’s Influence on Psychology
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material from The Autobiography of Charles Darwin (1876)
- On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
- Galton’s Life
- Mental Inheritance
- Statistical Methods
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material from Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into Its Laws and Consequences (1869)
- Mental Tests
- The Association of Ideas
- Mental Imagery
- Arithmetic by Smell and Other Bizarre Topics
- Comment
- George John Romanes (1848–1894)
- TABLE 6.1: ROMANES’S LADDER OF MENTAL FUNCTIONING
- C. Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936)
- Comment
- The Philosopher Who Wore Earmuffs
- Evolution Comes to America: Herbert Spencer (1820–1903)
- Social Darwinism
- Synthetic Philosophy
- The Continuing Evolution of Machines
- Herman Hollerith and the Punched Cards
- William James (1842–1910): Anticipator of Functional Psychology
- James’s Life
- Becoming neurotic
- An epidemic of neurasthenia
- Discovering psychology
- Family life
- The book
- The Principles of Psychology
- The Subject Matter of Psychology: A New Look at Consciousness
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Consciousness from Psychology (Briefer Course) (1892)
- The Methods of Psychology
- Pragmatism
- The Theory of Emotions
- The Three-Part Self
- Habit
- James’s Life
- The Functional Inequality of Women
- Mary Whiton Calkins (1863–1930)
- The Variability Hypothesis
- Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley (1874–1947)
- Leta Stetter Hollingworth (1886–1939)
- Granville Stanley Hall (1844–1924)
- Hall’s Life
- Becoming a psychologist
- A college president
- Rolling downhill
- Evolution and the Recapitulation Theory of Development
- Comment
- Hall’s Life
- The Founding of Functionalism
- The Chicago School
- John Dewey (1859–1952)
- The Reflex Arc
- Comment
- James Rowland Angell (1869–1949)
- Angell’s Life
- The Province of Functional Psychology
- Comment
- Functionalism at Columbia University
- Robert Sessions Woodworth (1869–1962)
- Woodworth’s Life
- Dynamic Psychology
- Criticisms of Functionalism
- Contributions of Functionalism
- Review Questions
- Recommended Resources
- Drug Bust: Psychology to the Rescue
- Toward a Practical Psychology
- The Growth of American Psychology
- Psychology Goes Public
- Economic Influences on Applied Psychology
- Mental Testing
- James McKeen Cattell (1860–1944)
- Studying with Wundt
- Studying with Galton
- Mental Tests
- Comment
- The Psychological Testing Movement
- Binet, Terman, and the IQ Test
- Mental Age
- World War I and Group Intelligence Testing
- Group Personality Tests
- Public Acceptance of Testing
- Ideas from Medicine and Engineering
- Racial Differences in Intelligence
- Cultural Bias in Tests
- Contributions of Women to the Testing Movement
- The Clinical Psychology Movement
- Lightner Witmer (1867–1956)
- Witmer’s Life
- Starting clinical psychology
- Clinics for Child Evaluation
- Comment
- Witmer’s Life
- The Growth of Clinical Psychology
- The Industrial-Organizational Psychology Movement
- Walter Dill Scott (1869–1955)
- Scott’s Life
- Advertising and Human Suggestibility
- Employee Selection
- Comment
- The Impact of the World Wars
- The Hawthorne Studies and Organizational Issues
- Lillian Gilbreth
- Hugo Muünsterberg (1863–1916)
- Münsterberg’s Life
- Coming to America
- Forensic Psychology and Eyewitness Testimony
- Psychotherapy
- Industrial Psychology
- Comment
- Applied Psychology in the United States: A National Mania
- Comment
- Review Questions
- Recommended Resources
- Clever Hans, the Clever Horse
- Toward a Science of Behavior
- Then Came the Revolution
- The Role of Positivism
- The Influence of Animal Psychology on Behaviorism
- Jacques Loeb (1859–1924)
- Rats, Ants, and the Animal Mind
- FIGURE 9.1: THE RAT MAZE. A HUNGRY RAT PLACED IN THE MAZE IS ALLOWED TO WANDER FREELY UNTIL IT FINDS FOOD.
- It Was Not Easy Being an Animal Psychologist
- Toward a More Objective Animal Psychology
- Was Clever Hans Really Clever?
- Edward Lee Thorndike (1874–1949)
- Thorndike’s Life
- Leaving His Animals Behind
- Connectionism
- The Puzzle Box
- FIGURE 9.2: THORNDIKE’S PUZZLE BOX.
- Laws of Learning
- Comment
- Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849–1936)
- Pavlov’s Life
- Life at Home
- Life in the Laboratory
- A Living Legend
- Conditioned Reflexes
- Psychic reflexes
- The Tower of Silence
- A conditioning experiment
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material from Conditioned Reflexes (1927)
- Lost in Obscurity: Knee Jerks and Goldfish
- Comment
- Associated Reflexes
- Comment
- The Psychologist, the Baby, and the Hammer: Don’t Try This at Home
- What Became of Little Albert?
- John B. Watson (1878–1958)
- Watson’s Life
- Off to Graduate School
- Watson’s academic career
- The Development of Behaviorism
- An affair to remember
- Watson’s business career
- Promoting behaviorism
- Childrearing practices
- Watson’s children
- Watson’s Views on Women
- Watson’s later years
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Behaviorism from Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It (1913)
- Watson’s later years
- Instincts
- Emotions
- Albert, Peter, and the Rabbits
- Thought Processes
- Karl Lashley (1890–1958)
- William McDougall (1871–1938)
- The Watson–McDougall Debate
- The IQ Zoo
- Three Stages of Behaviorism
- Operationism
- Edward Chace Tolman (1886–1959)
- Purposive Behaviorism
- Intervening Variables
- Learning Theory
- Comment
- Clark Leonard Hull (1884–1952)
- Hull’s Life
- The Spirit of Mechanism Ran Deep
- Objective Methodology and Quantification
- Drives
- Learning
- Comment
- B. F. Skinner (1904–1990)
- Skinner’s Life
- To College and Graduate School
- To the End
- Skinner’s Behaviorism
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material from Science and Human Behavior (1953)
- Operant Conditioning
- Schedules of Reinforcement
- Feeding the rats
- Successive Approximation: The Shaping of Behavior
- Baby in a Box
- Machines for teaching
- Pigeons Go to War
- Walden Two—A Behaviorist Society
- Behavior Modification
- Criticisms of Skinner’s Behaviorism
- Contributions of Skinner’s Behaviorism
- Sociobehaviorism: The Cognitive Challenge
- Albert Bandura (1925– )
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Vicarious Reinforcement
- Models in Our Lives
- Violence on the Screen and in Real Life
- Self-Efficacy: Believing You Can
- Research Results on Self-Efficacy
- Collective Efficacy
- Behavior Modification
- Comment
- Julian Rotter (1916–2014)
- Cognitive Processes
- Locus of Control
- TABLE 11.1: SAMPLE ITEMS FROM THE I-E SCALE
- A Chance Discovery
- Comment
- The Fate of Behaviorism
- Review Questions
- Recommended Resources
- A Sudden Insight
- The Gestalt Revolt
- More to Perception than Meets the Eye
- Antecedent Influences on Gestalt Psychology
- The Changing Zeitgeist in Physics
- The Phi Phenomenon: A Challenge to Wundtian Psychology
- Max Wertheimer (1880–1943)
- Kurt Koffka (1886–1941)
- Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967)
- The Nature of the Gestalt Revolt
- Perceptual Constancies
- A Matter of Definition
- Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization
- FIGURE 12.1: EXAMPLES OF PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION.
- Gestalt Studies of Learning: Insight and the Mentality of Apes
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Gestalt Psychology from The Mentality of Apes (1927)
- Comment
- Productive Thinking in Humans
- Isomorphism
- The Spread of Gestalt Psychology
- The Battle with Behaviorism
- Gestalt Psychology in Nazi Germany
- Field Theory: Kurt Lewin (1890–1947)
- Lewin’s Life
- The Life Space
- FIGURE 12.2: A SIMPLIFIED EXAMPLE OF A LIFE SPACE.
- Motivation and the Zeigarnik Effect
- Social Psychology
- Criticisms of Gestalt Psychology
- Contributions of Gestalt Psychology
- Review Questions
- Recommended Resources
- Was It Only a Dream?
- The Development of Psychoanalysis
- A New School of Thought
- Antecedent Influences on Psychoanalysis
- Early Theories of the Unconscious Mind
- The Unconscious Goes Public
- Early Approaches to Treating Mental Disorders
- More Humane Treatment
- The Development of Psychiatric Treatment
- The Emmanuel Movement
- Hypnosis
- Hypnosis Becomes Respectable: Charcot and Janet
- The Influence of Charles Darwin
- Sex before Freud
- Catharsis and Dreaming before Freud
- Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
- Freud’s Use of Cocaine
- Marriage and Children
- The Strange Case of Anna O.
- The Sexual Basis of Neurosis
- Studies on Hysteria
- The Childhood Seduction Controversy
- Freud’s Sex Life
- Freud’s Neurosis
- Freud’s Analysis of His Dreams
- The Pinnacle of Success
- Freud Comes to America
- Dissent, Illness, and Escape
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Hysteria from Sigmund Freud’s First Lecture at Clark University, September 9, 19091
- TABLE 13.1: DREAM SYMBOLS OR EVENTS AND THEIR LATENT PSYCHOANALYTIC MEANING
- Instincts
- Levels of Personality
- The id
- The ego
- The superego
- Anxiety
- TABLE 13.2: FREUDIAN DEFENSE MECHANISMS
- Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development
- Data Collection
- Views on Women
- A Lost, Lonely Little Boy
- Competing Factions in Psychoanalysis
- The Neo-Freudians and Ego Psychology
- Anna Freud (1895–1982)
- An Unhappy Childhood
- A Crisis of Identity
- Child Analysis
- Comment
- Carl Jung (1875–1961)
- Jung’s Life: Another Terrible Childhood
- Freud, the Father
- A Breakdown
- Jung’s Analytical Psychology
- The Collective Unconscious
- Archetypes
- Introversion and Extraversion
- Psychological Types: The Functions and Attitudes
- Comment
- Social Psychological Theories: The Zeitgeist Strikes Again
- Alfred Adler (1870–1937)
- Adler’s Early Life
- Becoming a Celebrity in America
- Individual Psychology
- Inferiority Feelings
- Style of Life
- The Creative Power of the Self
- Birth Order
- Reactions to Adler’s Views
- Research Support
- Comment
- Karen Horney (1885–1952)
- Horney and Her Father
- Marriage, Depression, and Sex
- Disagreements with Freud
- Basic Anxiety
- Neurotic Needs
- The Idealized Self-Image
- Horney and Feminism
- Comment
- The Evolution of Personality Theory: Humanistic Psychology
- Antecedent Influences on Humanistic Psychology
- The Nature of Humanistic Psychology
- Abraham Maslow (1908–1970)
- Maslow’s Early Years
- Watching a Parade
- Self-Actualization
- FIGURE 14.1: MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS.
- In Their OWN WORDS: Original Source Material on Humanistic Psychology from Motivation and Personality (1970)
- Continued Freshness of Appreciation
- The Peak (Mystic) Experience
- Social Interest (Gemeinschaftsgefuehl)
- Comment
- A Solitary Child
- Bizarre Fantasies
- A Breakdown
- Self-Actualization
- Fully Functioning People
- Comment
- A Tough Adolescence
- The Rapid Growth of Positive Psychology
- Money and Happiness
- Health and Age
- Marriage
- Personality
- Other Factors Influencing Happiness
- Which Comes First: Happiness or Success?
- Flourishing: A New Level of Happiness
- Comment
- Try It—You Might Like It
- Chess Champion Capitulates to Cunning Computer
- Schools of Thought: Looking Back
- Structuralism, Functionalism, and Gestalt Psychology
- Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis
- The Cognitive Movement in Psychology
- Antecedent Influences on Cognitive Psychology
- The Changing Model of Physics
- The Evolution of Cognitive Psychology
- George Miller (1920–2012)
- Love Conquers
- Harvard and the Magical Number Seven
- The Center for Cognitive Studies
- An Idea Whose Time Had Come
- Ulric Neisser (1928–2012)
- An Outsider
- Defining Himself
- Changing Course
- From Clocks to Computers
- The Development of the Modern Computer
- Artificial Intelligence
- The Life of Alan Turing (1912–1954)
- Turing and Snow White
- Gross Indecency
- The Turing Test
- The Chinese Room Problem
- Passing the Turing Test
- The Chess Champ
- The Nature of Cognitive Psychology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- A New Phrenology?
- Thinking Can Make It So
- The Return of Introspection
- Unconscious Cognition
- Not the Same Unconscious
- A Smart Unconscious
- Animal Cognition: The Return of Animals Who Think
- Not Everyone Agrees That Animals Can Think
- Animal Personality
- Current Status of Cognitive Psychology
- Trappings of Success
- Embedded Cognition
- Cognitive Overload
- Critics of the Cognitive Movement
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Biology More Important than Learning
- Is There Unity in Psychology at Last?
- Antecedent Influences on Evolutionary Psychology
- William James
- Behaviorism
- Predisposing Tendencies
- The Cognitive Revolution
- The Influence of Sociobiology
- Current Status of Evolutionary Psychology
- History in the Making: There Is No End to It
- Review Questions
- Recommended Resources
- Glossary
- References
- Name Index
- Subject Index
UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS
Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.
Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).
Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.
Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.
Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.
Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu
- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 6428
- Útgáfuár : 2015
- Leyfi : 379