Efnisyfirlit

• Front Matter
  • Contents
  • Figures
  • Tables
  • Boxes
  • Abbreviations and Reference Conventions
    • General
    • Collections of Sources and Reference Works:
  • Preface
  • Introduction
    • Table 0.1 Major periods in Greek history
  • 1 The Geography of Greece
    • Introduction
    • General Topography
      • Figure 1.1 Satellite image of the Isthmus. Source: Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA-Johnson Space Center. “The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth.” <http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/QuickView.pl?directory=ESC& ID=ISS023-E-5385>01/10/2013 10:52:32
      • Figure 1.2 Position of Miletus on Gulf of Meander River in ancient times
    • Climate
      • Box 1.1 Mt. Athos and Other Coastlines Exposed to the Aegean
        • Figure 1.3 The exposed eastern side of Mt. Athos. Source: Gabriel, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Mount_Athos_by_cod_gabriel_20.jpg (accessed 10th January 2013). CC BY 2.0
        • Figure 1.4 Satellite image of Cape Malea. Source: Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA-Johnson Space Center. “The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth.” <http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/QuickView.pl?directory=ESC&ID=ISS015-E-9024>01/10/2013 12:17:06
    • The Use of the Land
    • Main Regions of Greece
      • Figure 1.5 Eurotas River. Source: Aeleftherios, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eurotas.JPG (accessed 10 January 2013)
      • Figure 1.6 The theater of Epidaurus (fourth century bc). The theater was a typical architectural feature of a Greek city. Source: Olecorre, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theatre_of_Epidaurus_OLC.jpg (accessed 10 January 2013) CC BY-SA 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.0
      • Box 1.2 The Size of Greek States
      • Figure 1.7 The Euripus today (spanned by a retractable bridge). Source: Georgios Pazios, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evripos_moving_bridge_1.JPG (accessed 10 January 2012)
      • Figure 1.8 The temple of Apollo at Delphi, with the theater in the foreground and the Pleistos Valley in the background. Source: Adam Carr, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ac.delphi1.jpg (accessed 10 January 2013) CC BY-SA 3.0
      • Figure 1.9 Satellite image of the Aegean Sea and surrounding land. Source: NASA, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aegeansea.jpg (accessed 10 January 2013)
      • Box 1.3 The Names of Peoples and Regions in Greece
      • FURTHER READING
• Part I Bronze and “Dark Age”: circa 1300–800 bc
  • 2 The Mycenaean Age
    • Prehistory
      • Figure 2.1 Bull Leaper Fresco from Knosos. How exactly Minoan acrobats leaped over bulls and what purpose the activity served remain unknown. Source: George Groutas, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Bull_leaping,_fresco_from_the_Great_Palace_at_Knossos,_ Crete,_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum.jpg(accessed 10 January 2013) CC BY 2.0
      • Figure 2.2 Early Helladic sealings from Lerna. Source: American School of Classical Studies at Athens
      • Figure 2.3 The “Lion Gate” at the entrance to the citadel of Mycene. Source: Andreas Trepte, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lions-Gate-Mycenae.jpg (accessed 10 January 2013) CC BY-SA 2.5
      • Figure 2.4 The Mask of Agamemnon. Source: Rosemania, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MaskOfAgamemnon.jpg (accessed 10 January 2013) CC BY 3.0
      • Figure 2.5 The Linear B script is derived from the older Linear A script, and many signs are substantially the same in both (as the table at the top shows). A few signs of Linear A and B resemble signs of the so-called Cretan Hieroglyphic script (see table at the bottom). The phonetic values for the signs are, strictly speaking, known for Linear B only.
      • Figure 2.6 Plan of the Minoan Palace of Knosos; note the large central court at the right on the plan. Plan C from Sir Arthur Evans, The Palace of Minos, vol. IV.1 (London: Macmillan, 1935). Heidelberg University Library
      • Figure 2.7 Plan of the Mycenaean Palace of Pylos; note the central hall, the “megaron” here labeled “X”. Source: Blegen, Carl. W. & Marion Rawson, eds. 1966. The Palace of Nestor at Pylos in Western Messenia: Vol. 1. The Buildings and Their Contents Princeton Univ. Press. Part 2, Figure 417. Original measured and drawn by J. Travlos, 1964
    • The Linear B Texts
      • Box 2.1 Interpreting Linear B Texts
    • The Mycenaean States
      • Figure 2.8 The ruins of the citadel of Tiryns today. Note the solidity of the so-called Cyclopean walls which turned two low hills into a nearly impregnable fortification. Source: Nick Stenning, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiryns _-_Cyclopean_masonry.jpg?uselang=en-gb (accessed 14 January 2013) CC BY-SA 2.0
    • The Political Administration of Pylos
    • Land Tenure at Pylos
    • The Mycenaean Army
      • Figure 2.9 Mycenaean chariot from stele from Shaft Graves at Mycene. Source: Photo © The Art Archive / DeA Picture Library / G. Nimatallah
    • Social Stratification in Pylos
      • Figure 2.10 Hunting scenes on a ceremonial sword from the Shaft Graves. Source: from Tomb IV, Grave Circle A, Mycenae Athens, National Archaeological Museum. Photo DEA / G. DAGLI ORTI. akg-images/De Agostini Picture Library
    • Slavery in Pylos
      • Box 2.2 A Pylian Slaving Raid
    • Mycenaean Religion
      • Figure 2.11 Mycenaean Psi and Phi figurines, circa 1400–1300 bc (terracotta). Source: Private Collection / Photo © Heini Schneebeli / The Bridgeman Art Library
      • Box 2.3 Tn 316 – Human Sacrifice in Pylos?
    • The Mycenaean Kingdoms in Historical Perspective
    • From the Mycenaeans to the Later Greeks
      • Box 2.4 The Ahhiyawa Question – Is the Place Ahhiyawa in the Hittite Texts a Mycenaean State?
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 3 The End of the Bronze Age and the Great Migrations
    • The Downfall of the Mycenaean Kingdoms
      • Figure 3.1 Relief from Medinet Habu showing sea-borne invaders attacking Egypt. Source: photo © Erich Lessing / akg-images
      • Box 3.1 The Shikalaeans
    • The Arrival of New Peoples after the Catastrophe
      • Box 3.2 The Alasiya-Correspondence
    • Migrations Eastward across the Aegean
    • Conclusion
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 4 Greece in the Later “Dark Age” (circa 900–750 bc)
    • Evidence and Methodology
    • Political Developments
    • The Rise of the Polis
      • Box 4.1 Poleis and Ethne
    • Contact with the Near East
      • Figure 4.1 Geometric pottery from Athens, eighth century bc. Source: photo © Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, UK / The Bridgeman Art Library
      • Figure 4.2 Orientalizing pottery from Corinth, late seventh century bc. – n.b. the lions and sphinxes, typical motifs borrowed from the Near East. Source: © Marie-Lan, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Olpe_sphinx_Louvre_Cp10475.jpg (accessed 14 January 2013)
      • Box 4.2 Poleis and Ethne in “Homer”
    • Introduction of the Alphabet
    • Population Growth and Material Prosperity
      • Figure 4.3 Population growth in Greece. Source: Reproduced with permission from Snodgrass, A.M. 1980. Archaic Greece. J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. Figure 4.4, p. 23
      • Figure 4.4 Metal objects in the Dark Age and early Archaic period. Source: Reproduced with permission from Snodgrass, A.M. 1980. Archaic Greece. J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., p. 53
      • NOTES
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
• Part II The Archaic Period: circa 800–479 bc
  • 5 Colonization
    • Herodotus and the Sources for the History of the Archaic Period
    • Population Growth and Colonization
    • Choosing a Site
      • Figure 5.1 Coin from Metapontum. Source: Numismatic Collection Transfer, 2001. Purchased 1963. Acc.n.: 2001.87.456. Photo © Yale Uniersity Art Gallery/Art Resource, NY/Scala, Florence
      • Box 5.1 Foundation “Oath” of the Settlement of Cyrene
      • Figure 5.2 Ortygia, the former island, on which Syracuse lay. Source: photo © Tips Images/Tips Italia Srl a socio unico/Alamy
      • Figure 5.3 The site of Zancle/Messene. Source: Stefano Barillà, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Messina_harbour_-_aerial_view.jpg (accessed 14 January 2013) CC-BY-SA-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0
      • Box 5.2 The Misadventures of Megarian Colonists in Sicily
    • Sending Out an Expedition
    • Arrival Overseas
      • Box 5.3 The Athenians Found Brea
    • Relationship between Colony and Mother-city
    • Alternatives to and Variants on Colonization
      • NOTES
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 6 Sparta from the Messenian Wars to the Creation of the Peloponnesian League
    • Sparta is Founded and Gains Control of the Laconian Plain
    • Sources for Lacedaemonian History and Society
    • The Messenian Wars and the Helots
      • Figure 6.1 Satellite image of Cape Taenarum. Source: Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA-Johnson Space Center. “The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth.” <http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/ QuickView.pl?directory=ESC&ID=ISS009-E-10425>01/14/2013 16:44:52
    • Additional Lacedaemonian Wars of Expansion
    • The Creation of the Peloponnesian League
      • Box 6.1 Treaty between the Lacedaemonians and the Aetoli Erxadieis
    • The Great Rhetra and the Lacedaemonian Constitution
    • Lacedaemonian Society
      • NOTES
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 7 Tyranny
    • The Decline of Kingship in Greece and its Replacement by Aristocracy
    • The Word “Tyrant” and Defining “Tyranny”
    • Tyrants’ Self-Presentation and Their Subjects’ View of Them
    • The Rise of Tyranny
    • Tyrants’ Domestic Policy
      • Figure 7.1 Hydria from Athens, circa 520, possibly depicting the Enneakrounos. Drawing and carrying water, incidentally, was a routine, backbreaking task for women in ancient Greece, one performed each day in the early morning before it got too hot. Cf. Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 98–100. Source: Marie-Lan Nguyen, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Public_fountain_MNA_Inv10924.jpg (accessed 14 January 2013) CC BY 2.5
      • Figure 7.2 The tunnel of Eupalinus on Samos. Source: Photo (c) imagebroker/Alamy
      • Box 7.1 Tyrants and Games
      • Figure 7.3 The temple of Zeus in Athens. (For scale, note people next to columns which are circa 55 ft high.). Source: William Neuheisel, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Athens.jpg (accessed 14 January 2013) CC BY 2.0
      • Box 7.2 Tyrants and the Arts
    • Tyrants’ Foreign Policy
    • The Fall of the Tyrannies
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 8 Athens from Cylon to Cleisthenes
    • The Cylonian Conspiracy
      • Figure 8.1 The Acropolis of Athens. Source: © Guillaume Piolle, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acropolis_-_restoration.jpg (accessed 14 January 2013) CC-BY-3.0
    • Solon
      • Box 8.1 The Pseudo-Aristotelian “Constitution of Athens” (Ath.Pol.)
    • The Agrarian Crisis in Athens during the Early Sixth Century
    • Solon’s Political Reforms
      • Box 8.2 Solon’s Laws
    • The Tyranny of the Peisistratids
    • Cleisthenes’ Reforms
      • Box 8.3 The Archon List and Early Athenian History and Chronology
      • Figure 8.2 The demes of Attica. Source: Whitehead, D. 1986. The Demes of Attica. Princeton Univ. Press. p. xxiii
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 9 Persia and the Ionian Revolt
    • Athens’ Submission to Persia
    • Persia and the Greeks
      • Box 9.1 Persian Administration in Asia Minor: The Letter to Gadatas
    • The Ionian Revolt
      • Box 9.2 Aristagoras’ Map of the World
        • Figure 9.1 Reconstruction of the map of the world (Hecataeus’?) which Herodotus ridiculed
    • Aftermath of the Revolt
      • Box 9.3 Herodotus and the Persians
        • Figure 9.2 Darius’ inscription at Behistun. Unlike with modern monuments such as Mt. Rushmore or Stone Mountain, people were not actually meant to view the inscription or the reliefs since they cannot be seen from the plain below. Source: Hara1603, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bisotun_Iran_ Relief_Achamenid_Period.JPG (accessed 14 January 2013)
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 10 The Persian Wars
    • Persian Expansion in Europe and the Marathon Campaign
      • Box 10.1 The Hoplite
        • Figure 10.1 Two hoplite phalanxes meet circa 650 bc, on the Chigi Vase from Corinth. Note the arms – shields, helmets, corslets, greaves, and thrusting spears held upperhand. Source: Museo Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy. Photo © De Agostini Picture Library / The Bridgeman Art Library
      • Figure 10.2 The soros at Marathon. “There is a public memorial in Athens’ fairest suburb, and always do the Athenians there lay to rest those who have fallen in war – with the exception of those who fell at Marathon: for they deemed their valor pre-eminent and made even their tomb there …” Thuc. II 34). Source: Ryvinios, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hill_where _the_Athenians_were_buried_after_the_Battle_of_Marathon.jpg (accessed 14 January 2013)
    • Athens and Aegina
      • Figure 10.3 Modern reconstruction of an ancient trireme. Source: photo © Private Collection / Ancient Art and Architecture Collection Ltd. / Mike Andrews / The Bridgeman Art Library
    • Xerxes’ Invasion
      • Figure 10.4 Thermopylae today. In ancient times, the coastline lay much closer to the mountains. Source: tyler, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Thermopylae_ancient_ coastline_large.jpg (accessed 14 January 2013) CC BY-SA 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.0
      • Box 10.2 The Strength of the Persian Army
      • Box 10.3 Herodotus’ Sources for the Battle of Salamis
    • Sicily
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
• Part III The Classical Period: 479–323 bc
  • 11 The Athenian Empire
    • The Creation of the Delian League
    • The Development of the Delian League into the Athenian Empire
      • Box 11.1 Thucydides and his Methods for Constructing an Argument
    • The Administration of the Athenian Empire
    • The Benefits of Empire
      • Figure 11.1 The Acropolis of Athens. The Propylaea, partially obscured by scaffolding, is at the left; the Parthenon is at the center. The allies’ tribute to Athens paid for both. Source: Harrieta171/Grèce, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2004_02_29_ Ath%C3%A8nes.JPG (accessed 14 January 2014) CC BY-SA 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.0
      • Figure 11.2 The theater of Dionysus (initially built in the fourth century bc) on the slope of the Acropolis. Source: Glenlarson, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theatre_of_Dionysus_ 01382.JPG (accessed 12th February 2013)
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 12 Sparta and Athens during the Pentecontaetia
    • Pausanias and Themistocles
      • Figure 12.1 An ostrakon with the inscription “Themistocles of (the deme) Phrearhi.” Many of these, often in the same handwriting have been found, so Themistocles’ opponents were organized and ready, handing out prewritten “ballots” against him. Source: G.dallorto, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3164_-_Sto%C3%A0_of _Attalus_Museum_-_Ostracism_against_Themistokles_(480s_BC)_-_Photo_by_Giovanni _Dall%27Orto,_Nov_9_2009.jpg?uselang=en-gb (accessed 12th February 2013)
    • The Helots’ Revolt
      • Figure 12.2 The natural fortress of Mt. Ithome seen from the city of Messene at its foot. Source: Stefan Artinger, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ithome1.jpg (accessed 12th February 2013). CC0 1.0
    • Athens’ Imperial Ambitions in Greece and Abroad
      • Box 12.1 The Erechtheid Casualty List
    • The Revolts of 446 and the Thirty Years’ Peace
      • Box 12.2 Reconstructing the Clauses of the Thirty Years’ Peace
    • Athenian Democracy
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 13 From the Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War to the Peace of Nicias
    • The Origins of the War
      • Box 13.1 Oligarchy
    • The Archidamian War (431–421 bc)
      • Box 13.2 The Effect of the Plague on Athens
      • Box 13.3 The 120 Spartiates and Spartiate Society
    • The Peace of Nicias
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 14 From the Peace of Nicias to the Surrender of Athens
    • From the Unraveling of the Peace of Nicias to the Melian Dialogue
    • The Sicilian Expedition
      • Figure 14.1 A herm in front of an altar on an amphora (circa 465 bc). Source: photo Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA / Gift of Landon T. Clay / The Bridgeman Art Library
      • Figure 14.2 Operations around Syracuse
    • The Aftermath of the Sicilian Expedition
      • Box 14.1 The Treaty between King Darius II of Persia (423–405) and the Lacedaemonians in 411 bc
    • Continuations of Thucydides’ History
    • The Battle of Cyzicus and the Ionian War
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 15 The Lacedaemonian Ascendancy in Greece
    • The Aftermath of the Peloponnesian War
    • The Development of the Athenian Democracy in the Fourth Century
    • Initial Lacedaemonian Efforts at “Empire”
    • The Lacedaemonian Invasion of Persia
      • Box 15.1 The Battle of Sardis (395 bc)
        • Table 15.1 Three accounts of the Battle of Sardis
    • The Corinthian War
      • Box 15.2 The Decline in the Number of Spartiates
    • The King’s Peace
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 16 The Boeotian Ascendancy in Greece and the Second Athenian League
    • Sparta Enforces the King’s Peace
      • Box 16.1 The Sympolity of Mantinea and Heliswon
    • The Theban Revolt and the Second Athenian League
    • The Renewal of the Boeotian League
      • Box 16.2 The Revival of Federal Leagues
    • From the Liberation of Messenia to the Battle of Mantinea
      • Box 16.3 Systemic Causes for the Decline in Spartiate Numbers
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 17 The West from the Sicilian Expedition to the Campaigns of Timoleon
    • Introduction
      • Figure 17.1 Third-century bc theater of Syracuse. Source: Victoria from London, UK, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theatre_at_Syracuse,_Sicily.jpg (accessed 12th February 2013) CC BY 2.0
      • Figure 17.2 A scene from Euripides’ Alcmene (the title character sits between the gods Zeus and Hermes) on a Sicilian crater from the mid-fourth century). Source: akg-images / Erich Lessing
      • Figure 17.3 Fifth-century temple of Hera at Acragas. Source: poudou99, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agrigente_2008_IMG_1909.JPG (accessed 12th February 2013) CC BY-SA 3.0
    • Sicily after the Defeat of the Sicilian Expedition
    • The Rise of Dionysius I, Tyrant of Syracuse
      • Box 17.1 The Younger Tyrants
    • Dionysius I and the Carthaginians
    • Dionysius I in Italy
    • The Successors of Dionysius I
      • Box 17.2 The Seventh Platonic Letter and the “Philosopher-King”
    • Timoleon on Sicily
    • The Greeks in Italy
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 18 Philip of Macedon and the Conquest of Greece
    • Macedonia and the Macedonians
      • Figure 18.1 Gold ossuary from Philip II’s tomb at Aegae; n.b. the sixteen-pointed “Star of Vergina” on the lid. Source: photo © Gianni Dagli Orti/Corbis
    • Philip’s Accession
    • The Social War and the Development of the Second Athenian League
      • Box 18.1 Diodorus’ Historical Library and the Difficulties with Using It
    • The Phocian or Third Sacred War
      • Figure 18.2 The treasury of the Athenians at Delphi. Source: Ian W. Scott, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Athenian_Treasury.JPG (accessed 12th February 2013) CC BY-SA 3.0
      • Box 18.2 Delphi, the Amphictiony, and the First Sacred War (Early Sixth Century bc)
    • Philip’s Successes against the Chalcidians and Athens
      • Box 18.3 Demosthenes and Aeschines as Historical Sources
    • The Fourth Sacred War and Chaeroneia
    • The League of Corinth
    • Philip’s Military Reforms
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 19 Alexander the Great and the Conquest of Persia
    • Philip’s Death and Alexander’s Accession
    • From the Granicus to the Eve of Issus
      • Figure 19.1 The Cilician Gates today. Source: Teogomez, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg (accessed 12th February 2013)
    • The Persian Counter-offensive
      • Box 19.1 Arrian’s Use of Ptolemy
    • From Issus to the Decision at Gaugamela
    • Greece during Alexander’s Expedition
    • The Conquest of the East and Alexander’s Death
      • Box 19.2 Cleitarchus and the “Vulgate”
      • Box 19.3 Onesicritus, Nearchus, and the Age of Discovery
      • Figure 19.2 The Alexander bust (Roman copy of Greek original). Source: Gunnar Bach Pedersen, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aleksander-d-store.jpg (accessed 12th February 2013)
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
        • Figure 19.3 Alexander’s conquests
      • FURTHER READING
• Part IV The Hellenistic Period: 323–30 bc
  • 20 The Wars of the Diadochi
    • The Inheritors of the Empire
    • Alexander’s Deification and the Hellenistic Ruler Cult
    • The Mercenaries and the Exiles’ Decree
    • The Regency
      • Box 20.1 The Division of the Empire at Babylon (323) and at Triparadeisus (321)
        • Table 20.1 Persian satrapies
    • The Lamian War
    • Antipater Becomes Regent
    • Antigonus in Asia
      • Box 20.2 Athens under Demetrius of Phalerum
    • The War against Antigonus
      • Box 20.3 Legitimating the Rule of the Diadochi
        • Figure 20.1 Four coins of the Diadochi: the obverse (“heads”) of a given coin in the left-hand image corresponds to the reverse (“tails”) in the same position in the right-hand image. Clockwise from top left: tetradrachm of Antigonus Monophthalmus (Mørkholm, Nr. 84, circa 307; inscription on reverse: “of Alexander”); tetradrachm of Ptolemy I Soter (Mørkholm, Nr. 90, circa 319–315; inscription on reverse: “of Alexander”); tetradrachm of Ptolemy I Soter (Mørkholm, Nr. 97, after circa 307; inscription on reverse: “of King Ptolemy”); tetradrachm of Seleucus I Nicator (Mørkholm, Nr. 87, after 312; inscription on reverse: “of Alexander”). Source: National Museum of Denmark
    • The Rise of Seleucus
    • The Battle of Ipsus and its Aftermath
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 21 The Creation of the Hellenistic States
    • The Hellenization of Asia
    • Demetrius in Europe after the Battle of Ipsus (301)
      • Box 21.1 Plutarch’s Biographies as Historical Sources
    • Seleucus Gains Asia Minor
      • Box 21.2 Financial Administration in Lysimachus’ Kingdom
    • Antigonus Gonatas and the Celts
      • Box 21.3 The Growth and Constitution of the Aetolian League
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 22 Sicily and the West from Agathocles to the First Punic War
    • Agathocles becomes King of Sicily
    • Agathocles in Italy
      • Box 22.1 The City of Taras
        • Figure 22.1 The site of Taras today. Source: Kadellar, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taranto-Aerial_view-2.jpg (accessed 12th February 2013) CC BY-SA 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.0
        • Figure 22.2 Apulian bell crater, ca. 355–340 bc, depicting a mythological scene, the Judgment of Paris, which helped cause the Trojan War – Western and Aegean Greeks shared the same cultural heritage (see chap. 17). Source: Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, UK / The Bridgeman Art Library
    • Sicily after Agathocles
    • Pyrrhus’ Invasion of Italy and Sicily
    • The First Punic War
    • Retrospect
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 23 The Hellenistic World in Equilibrium
    • Historiographical Characterization of the Hellenistic World
      • Figure 23.1 The so-called Ludovisi Group; Roman copy of original from Pergamum circa 220s bc. Source: Jastrow, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludovisi_Gaul _Altemps_Inv8608_n3.jpg (accessed 12th February 2013)
      • Figure 23.2 The Winged Nike of Samothrace, circa 190 bc. Source: Marie-Lan Nguyen, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nike_of_Samothrake_Louvre_Ma2369.jpg (accessed 12th February 2013)
    • The Seleucid Kingdom
      • Box 23.1 The Library at Alexandria
    • Antiochus I and the Beginning of the Struggle against the Ptolemies
    • Antigonus Gonatas and the Revival of Macedonia
      • Box 23.2 The Ptolemies in Asia Minor
    • Ptolemaic Losses in the Aegean and in Asia Minor
      • Box 23.3 Rhodes in the Hellenistic Age
    • The Achaian League and Macedonia
      • Box 23.4 The Constitution of the Achaian League
    • The Crisis of the Seleucid Kingdom
    • Antiochus III Begins the Restoration of the Seleucid Kingdom
      • Box 23.5 Internal Problems in Egypt after Raphia
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 24 The Coming of Rome
    • Macedonia and Greece
      • Box 24.1 Attempts at Land Reform in Sparta
    • The First Macedonian War
    • The Fifth Syrian War
      • Box 24.2 Antiochus III’s alleged Pact with Philip V (circa 200 BC)
    • The Second Macedonian War
    • Antiochus III’s Conquest of Asia Minor
      • Box 24.3 Polybius of Megalopolis
    • Rome and the Seleucids down to the Peace of Apameia
    • The Third Macedonian War
    • The Seleucid Kingdom Totters
      • Box 24.4 The Seleucid Empire’s Budget Crisis
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
  • 25 Twilight of the Hellenistic World
    • The Romans in Greece and Asia Minor to 133 bc
    • The Seleucids’ Loss of Judea and the East
    • Bactria and the East
      • Figure 25.1 Coins with portraits of Demetrius of Bactria. a) Bopearachchi, series 1 of Demetrius I. The legend on the reverse (not shown) reads “of King Demetrius”; b) (Bopearachchi, series 17 of Agathocles) is a so-called commemorative coin, minted after Demetrius’ reign. The legend on the reverse (not shown) reads “of King Agathocles the Just”; the legend on the obverse (shown) reads “of Demetrius the Invincible.” Source: a) Uploadalt, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Demetrius_I_MET_coin.jpg (accessed 12th February 2013) CC BY-SA 3.0; b) PHGCOM, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Agathokle sCoinOfDemetriusAniketos.JPG (accessed 12th February 2013) CC BY-SA 3.0
      • Figure 25.2 Coin of Eucratides (Bopearachchi, series 6 of Eucratides I); the legend on the reverse is “of King Eucratides the Great.” Source: © The Trustees of the British Museum
    • The Last Seleucids
      • Figure 25.3 Coin of Antiochus VIII Grypus (“hooknose” – though he preferred other official epithets: the legend on the reverse (not shown) is “of King Antiochus Epiphanes”) (Cat.Gk.Coin, Seleucid Kings, pp. 88–89). Hellenistic portraiture aimed at realism on rulers’ coins – no airbrushing or retouching. Grypus’ subjects were supposed to recognize their King. Source: © The Trustees of the British Museum
    • The Mithridatic Wars and Pompey’s Settlement of the East
    • The Later Ptolemies
    • New Hellenistic States and Statelets
      • Figure 25.4 Coin of Mithridates I (under his regnal name “Arsaces”) (Cat.Gk.Coins, Parthia, p. 15). The legend is “of Arsaces, the Great King, the Philhellene” with the date “[year] 174,” i.e., of the Seleucid Era = 138 bc. The date shows that it was minted under Mithridates I. Source: © The Trustees of the British Museum
    • Cleopatra VII and the End of Ptolemaic Egypt
    • Epilogue
      • QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
      • QUESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
      • FURTHER READING
• Back Matter
  • Tables of Rulers
    • Sparta (from Late Sixth Century)
    • Persian Empire
    • Macedonia (from Early Fourth Century)
    • Ptolemaic Egypt
    • Seleucid Kingdom (to the Mid-90s; Rulers not of Seleucus I’s House in Italics)
    • Pergamum
  • Glossary
  • Index

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